甲状腺自身抗体在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病诊断中的临床应用

目的 探讨患者血清甲状腺自身抗体——促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)、甲状腺过氧化物抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)浓度的变化,在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)中桥本甲状腺炎(hashimoto,HT)和毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿(Graves' disease,GD)的诊断意义.方法 选取2015年2月至8月我院收治200例患者,其中桥本甲状腺炎100例,Graves病100例,以及50例健康志愿者作为对照组.采用电化学发光法(ECLIA)检测TRAb,用放射免疫法(RIA)检测TPOAb和TGAb,并对比上述指标的检测结果.结果 自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)显著高于健康对照组,Graves病患者TRAb水平显著高于桥本甲状腺炎患者,而且桥本甲状腺炎患者TPOAb、TGAb水平显著高于Graves病患者,均有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论 TPOAb、TGAb在桥本甲状腺病诊断中起重要作用.而TRAb对于Graves病有较高的灵敏度和特异性,可以作为诊断Graves病的特异性指标.     

血清TPOAb、TGAb、TRAb水平检测对Graves病及桥本甲状腺炎的诊断价值分析

目的探究血清TPOAb、TGAb、TRAb水平对Graves病及桥本甲状腺炎诊断的意义。方法选择2016年1月至2018年12月收治的42例Graves病患者作为G组,32例桥本甲状腺炎患者作为H组;另选取同期的50例健康人员作为对照组。检测研究对象血清中的TPOAb、TGAb以及TRAb等的水平,其中TPOAb、TGAb以化学发光法进行检测,TRAb以电化学发光法来进行检测。结果 G组患者的TRAb的阳性率显著高于H组,TPOAb、TGAb阳性率显著低于H组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);G组患者的TPOAb、TGAb以及TRAb水平均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);H组患者的TPOAb、TGAb水平显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);H组患者的TPOAb显著高于G组患者,TGAb、TRAb值显著低于G组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清TPOAb、TGAb、TRAb水平检测对于自身免疫性甲状腺疾病,尤其是对于Graves病及桥本甲状腺炎疾病的诊断,有着很重要的意义。     

Graves病131I治疗前后甲状腺自身抗体的变化及其临床意义

测定放射性131I治疗前后Graves病患者血清甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)的变化,探讨131I治疗Graves病的疗效及影响早发甲低的因素.将334例Graves病患者按131I治疗前TGAb、TPOAb水平分为阳性组202例(TGAb＞115IU/mL,TPOAb＞34IU/mL)和阴性组132例(TGAb＜115IU/mL,TPOAb＜34IUmL),并对其治疗前及治疗后3、6、9及12个月的血清FT3、FT4、TSH及TGAb、TGAb水平进行动态观察.治疗后1年, 甲低发生率分别为阳性组23.8%,阴性组11.4%, 两组间甲低发生率有显著差异(P＜0.01).并且随着131I治疗后时间的推移, TPOAb、TGAb的阳性率逐渐降低.早发甲低与治疗前TGAb、TPOAb水平有关, 测定血清中TGAb、TPOAb浓度对Graves病患者131I治疗前调整给药剂量可提供参考, 并且131I治疗Graves病可以降低患者甲状腺激素自身抗体水平, 促进其自身免疫状态的改善和恢复.     

自身免疫性甲状腺病伴甲状腺功能亢进的临床治疗分析

目的探讨分析自身免疫性甲状腺病(AITD)合并甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲亢)患者给予丙硫氧嘧啶片与泼尼松龙片联合治疗的临床效果。方法将我院近两年来收治的210例AITD合并甲亢患者按照随机数字表法分为观察组(给予丙硫氧嘧啶片与泼尼松龙片联合治疗)和对照组(单独给予丙硫氧嘧啶治疗),对比观察两组患者治疗前后游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、血清甲状腺过氧化酶抗体(TPOAb)等各项指标变化情况。结果两组患者治疗后FT3、FT4、TGAb、TPOAb等指标水平均有所下降,而TSH水平均有所上升,但观察组患者各项指标改善幅度显著优于对照组患者,差异性显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用丙硫氧嘧啶与泼尼松龙联合治疗自身免疫性甲状腺病合并甲亢患者临床疗效佳,可显著改善患者功能相关指标,抑制免疫反应,促进患者甲状腺功能尽早恢复,值得在临床上进一步推广、应用。     

自身免疫性甲状腺病患者血清免疫球蛋白及甲状腺自身抗体、ANA、抗ENA抗体变化及临床意义

目的 探讨自身免疫性甲状腺病(AITD)患者血清免疫球蛋白及甲状腺自身抗体、抗核抗体(ANA)、抗可溶性抗原(ENA)抗体水平变化及临床意义.方法 选取2017年1月1日至2020年8月1日我院收治的110例AITD患者作为研究对象,包括桥本甲状腺炎(HT)和毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿(GD),其中HT组共62例,GD组共48例,另外选取同期60例健康体检者作为对照组,采集所有受检者静脉血,应用免疫学方法分别检测其血清免疫球蛋白以及甲状腺自身抗体、ANA、抗ENA抗体水平.结果 3组自身免疫球蛋白IgM、IgG和IgA水平比较差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中HT组患者IgM和IgG水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),GD组患者IgG和IgA水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),且HT组IgM和IgG水平显著高于GD组,IgA水平显著高于GD组(P＜0.05);3组TPOAb和TGAb水平比较差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中HT组明显高于GD组和对照组,GD组明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);在AITD患者中ANA和抗双链DNA (ds-DN A)抗体阳性率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),抗U1-RNP抗体阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而在所有受检者中均未检出ENA谱中其他抗体.结论 血清免疫球蛋白和血清甲状腺自身抗体检测对AITD的临床鉴别诊断具有一定积极的指导意义;ANA与抗ENA抗体在AITD中并无特异性,关于其确切病理机制和意义有待进一步深入研究.     

甲状腺球蛋白抗体和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体定量检测在甲状腺肿大患者病因诊断上的应用

目的探讨甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)定量检测在甲状腺肿大患者病因诊断上的应用。方法对291例甲状腺肿大患者血清和86例正常人血清用直接化学发光定量检测TGAb和TPOAb,并对甲状腺肿大患者检测甲功5项。结果甲状腺肿大患者TGAb和TPOAb浓度分别为(254±417)U/ml和(1001±1108)U/ml,有124例确诊为自身免疫性甲状腺炎(AITT),90例诊断为单纯性甲状腺肿大;AITT患者TGAb和TPOAb浓度和抗体检出率明显高于非AITT患者,P<0.01。结论定量检测血清TGAb和TPOAb对甲状腺肿大患者在病因诊断上有重要意义。     

Graves病患者131I治疗前后TGAb、TMAb与TPOAb水平变化及其临床观察

通过测定Graves病患者131I治疗前后TGAb、TMAb、TPOAb动态变化,探讨在治疗过程中检测TGAb、TMAb、TPOAb的价值。对73例Graves病患者131I治疗前按TGAb、TMAb、TPOAb水平分为阳性组48例和阴性组25例,并对其治疗后3、6、12和18个月的血清TGAb、TMAb、TPOAb水平进行测量。两组间临床治愈率和未愈率及早发甲低率均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。动态检测Graves病患者131I治疗前后TGAb、TMAb、TPOAb含量变化可以观察疗效、指导治疗、预测复发。     

Th1/Th2细胞因子结合甲状腺自身抗体检测在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病中的诊断价值

研究Th1/Th2细胞因子和甲状腺自身抗体在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)中的诊断价值。选择Graves病(GD)28例、甲亢甲炎(GDIII)15例、桥本甲亢(HTL)13例、桥本甲状腺炎(HT)21例、20名正常人,通过酶免法检测血清Th1型细胞因子γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和Th2型细胞因子白细胞介素-4(IL-4)的含量,与放免法测定的促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)进行相关分析。结果显示,IFN-γ水平HT>HTL>GDIII>GD,IL-4水平GD>GDIII>HTL>HT。GDIII和HTL组IFN-γ和IL-4水平均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),GDIII和HTL组TGAb、TPOAb无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HT组IFN-γ与TGAb、TPOAb正相关(r分别为0.67,0.54,P<0.01),GD组IL-4与TRAb正相关(r=0.71,P<0.01)。Th1/Th2细胞因子失衡反映了AITD的病理改变和免疫功能紊乱,与甲状腺自身抗体检测相结合可成为AITD辅助诊断的指标。     

Graves病和桥本甲状腺炎患者外周血T细胞表面及血清中Fas/FasL的表达特点

目的探讨Graves病(GD)和桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者外周血中Fas+、FasL+细胞占总T淋巴细胞的比例(Fas%、FasL%)以及血清中sFas、sFasL、TGAb、TPOAb等指标的变化及意义。方法选择GD患者36例、HT患者32例、对照组20例。用流式细胞术检测外周血T细胞表面Fa(sCD95)、FasL(CD178)的表达特点,用双抗体夹心法(ELISA)测定血清中可溶性Fas及FasL的含量,用化学发光法测定相关抗体TGAb、TPOAb的含量。结果 GD及HT患者外周血Fas%均高于对照组(P<0.05),且以HT组更为显著,而各组均未检测到FasL的表达;GD及HT患者血清中sFas含量均高于对照组,尤以GD组显著;各组间均可检测到sFasL,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Fas及其配体介导的凋亡在GD和HT的自身免疫反应过程中起着重要的作用。流式细胞术的应用,可为探讨AITD的发病机制提供新的方法。     

促甲状腺激素和甲状腺自身抗体在甲状腺疾病中的诊断价值分析

目的分析促甲状腺激素和甲状腺自身抗体在甲状腺疾病中的诊断价值。方法选取本院2018年6月至2019年3月收治的82例甲状腺疾病患者作为研究组,其中甲状腺机能减退症患者(甲减)29例、毒性弥漫性甲状腺病患者(GD)32例、桥本甲状腺炎患者(HT)21例。另外选择同期本院体检的30例健康者作为对照组。对所有研究对象的TSH、TRAb、TGAb以及TPOAb指标进行检测,汇总并观察不同疾病4种指标变化情况。结果 GD组、甲减组、HT组患者的TGAb、TPOAb血清水平明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);GD组患者TSH血清水平明显低于对照组,TRAb血清水平显著高于对照组(P0.05);甲减组患者TSH血清水平明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论促甲状腺激素和甲状腺自身抗体可以一定程度反映患者甲状腺疾病情况,可为临床上提供诊断甲状腺疾病的原始资料,值得推广应用。     

血清抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体和抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体检测在甲状腺疾病诊断及甲亢预后判断中的价值

采用放免法检测甲状豚疾病患者抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体（ＴＧＡｂ）和抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（ＴＰＯＡｂ）、并对部分Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病患者停药后随诊一年的结果进行分析。结果显示：（１）自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者ＴＧＡｂ和ＴＰＯＡｂ活性及阳性率明显高于非ＡＩＴＤ，尤以桥本甲状腺炎为然。（２）ＧＤ治疗前及停药时ＴＧＡｂ和ＴＰＯＡｂ均阴性者与均阳性者停药一年内的复发率分别为０．５８３和０．２３１。（３）ＴＧＡｂ和ＴＰＯＡｂ均阴性，而停药时甲状腺刺激抗体（ＴＳＡｂ）阳性者，停药时ＧＤ复发的机率最大（０．９０９），提示ＴＧＡｂ和ＴＰＯＡｂ检测在ＡＩＴＤ诊断，鉴别诊断以及ＧＤ预后判断中具有重要的临床意义。     

Anti‐C1q autoantibodies are linked to autoimmune thyroid disorders in pregnant women

Anti‐C1q antibodies (anti‐C1q) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between anti‐C1q and thyroid function in pregnancy‐associated AITD. In 96 pregnant women screened positive for AITD (thyroid dysfunction and/or antibodies against thyroperoxidase – TPOAb), anti‐C1q were measured during the 9‐11th gestational week and after delivery (median 16 months after delivery), and compared to the corresponding serum levels of thyroid hormones. As controls, 80 healthy pregnant women, 72 non‐pregnant AITD patients and 72 blood donors were included. In the non‐pregnant AITD group, two serum samples ≥ 6 months apart were analysed. Compared to blood donors, anti‐C1q levels were substantially higher in all pregnant women analysed. In pregnancy, anti‐C1q levels were higher in the TPOAb‐positive women than in controls (37 versus 17·5%, P < 0·0001). Anti‐C1q‐positive pregnant women screened positive for AITD had higher thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels than anti‐C1q‐negative women (2·41 versus 1·94 mU/l, P = 0·01), and TSH correlated positively with anti‐C1q (r = 0·226, P = 0·045) in the TPOAb‐positive women. After delivery, serum levels of anti‐C1q decreased in the positively screened TPOAb‐negative women (8·8 versus 5·9 U/l, P = 0·002), but not in the TPOAb‐positive ones, and they no longer correlated with TSH. Anti‐C1q antibody levels increase during pregnancy in general and even more in the context of AITD, where they correlate with thyroid stimulating hormone levels.     

CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病中数量和功能变化

目的:探讨自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Tregs)的数量和功能变化。方法:采用化学发光法测定20例初发Graves’病人、20例初发桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者及20例健康体检者血清中促甲状腺素(TSH)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、总甲状腺素(TT4)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)和甲状腺过氧化酶抗体(TPOAb)的水平;用流式细胞仪分析外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中CD4+T细胞及CD4+CD25+Tregs的数量;采用磁珠分选技术分选5例HT病人和5例健康体检者PBMC中CD4+CD25+Tregs和CD4+CD25-T细胞,采用MTT法检测CD4+CD25+Tregs对自身CD4+CD25-T细胞增殖的抑制作用;提取各组PBMC的总RNA,经Real time-PCR检测TGFβ-1、Foxp3 mRNA的表达水平。结果:流式细胞检测结果显示,初发Graves’病人、初发HT患者外周血PBMC中CD4+T细胞数量与正常人比较无差异(P<0.05);初发HT患者外周血PBMC中CD4+CD25+Tregs占CD4+T细胞的比率为(1.55%±0.49%),明显低于正常对照组(2.86%±1.04%)(P<0.05);初发Graves’病人外周血PBMC中CD4+CD25+Tregs占CD4+T细胞的比率为(3.25%±0.97%),与正常对照组(2.86%±1.04%)相比无显著性差异(P<0.05)。MTT结果显示,初发HT患者CD4+CD25+Tregs对自身CD4+CD25-T细胞增殖的抑制百分率为15.7%±5.36%,与正常组(41.7%±9.87%)相比显著降低(P<0.05)。Real time-PCR结果显示,初发Graves’病人、初发HT患者PBMC的TGFβ-1 mRNA表达水平分别为(0.37±0.10)和(0.43±0.09),均明显低于正常对照组(1.02±0.04)(P<0.05);初发Graves’病人、初发HT患者PBMC的Foxp3 mRNA表达水平分别为0.62±0.09和0.42±0.29,均明显低于正常对照组(0.99±0.17)(P<0.05)。结论:本研究结果提示,HT患者外周血中CD4+CD25+Tregs的数量和功能明显降低。Graves’病和HT患者外周血PBMC中TGFβ-1、Foxp3 mRNA表达水平明显降低。     

Visfatin与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病关系的研究

探讨内脂素（visfatin）与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的关系,进而为自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的诊断、治疗与预后提供新的思路。采用ELISA法测定不同组别自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者和健康人群血浆visfatin水平,并分析visfatin与FT3、FT4、TSH、TPO-Ab、TG-Ab、体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比的关系。结果显示,自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者血浆visfatin水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;桥本甲状腺炎甲减组血浆visfatin水平高于桥本甲状腺炎甲亢组和Graves病组（P〈0.05）;桥本甲状腺炎甲亢组血浆visfatin水平高于Graves病组（P〈0.05）;相关分析显示,Visfatin与FT3、FT4、TSH、TPO-Ab、TG-Ab、BMI和腰臀比不相关（P〉0.05）。结论：Visfatin可能参与了自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的发生发展;Visfatin可能做为诊断自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的参考指标。     

Graves病患者甲状腺和外周静脉血中甲状腺特异性抗体的对比研究

本文对比研究１１例Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病（ＧＤ）和９例非ＧＤ患者甲状腺静脉血（ＴＶＢ）和外周静脉血（ＰＶＢ）中甲状腺刺激抗体（ＴＳＡｂ）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（ＴＧＡｂ）和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（ＴＰＯＡｂ）的活性和Ｔ３、Ｔ４浓度。结果显示：（１）抗体阳性的ＧＤ患者，其ＴＶＢ中ＴＳＡｂ、ＴＧＡｂ和ＴＰＯＡｂ水平均显著高于ＰＶＥ的，ＰＶＢ和ＴＶＢ的ＴＳＡｂ活性呈显著正相关，这提示甲状腺本身是甲状腺特异性抗体产生的主要部位；（２）ＧＤ组和非ＧＤ组ＴＶＢ和ＰＶＢ的血清Ｔ３、Ｔ４不形成浓度梯度；（３）ＴＳＡｂ、ＴＧＡｂ和ＴＰＯＡｂ活性及其在ＴＶＢ和ＰＶＢ之间的活性梯度，与ＴＶＢ和ＰＶＢ中Ｔ３、Ｔ４浓度均无相关关系。     

Childhood thyroid autoimmunity and relation to islet autoantibodies in children at risk for type 1 diabetes in the diabetes prediction in skåne (DiPiS) study

Abstract

Background: The aim was to determine prevalence and age at seroconversion of thyroid autoimmunity in relation to islet autoantibodies, gender and HLA-DQ genotypes in children with increased risk for type 1 diabetes followed from birth.

Methods: In 10-year-old children (n?=?1874), blood samples were analysed for autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), thyroglobulin (TGAb), glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GADA), Zink transporter 8 (ZnT8R/W/QA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), insulin (IAA) and HLA-DQ genotypes. Prospectively collected samples from 2 years of age were next analysed for TPOAb, and TGAb and, finally, in confirming samples at 11–16 years of age along with TSH and FT4. Frequencies were tested with Chi-square or Fischer’s exact tests, autoantibody levels with Wilcoxon and correlations between autoantibody levels with Spearman’s rank correlation test.

Results: The prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity was 6.9%, overrepresented in girls (p?<?.001) also having higher TPOAb levels at 10 years (p?=?.049). TPOAb was associated with GADA (p?=?.002), ZnT8R/W/QA (p?=?.001) and IA-2A (p?=?.001) while TGAb were associated with ZnT8R/W/QA (p?=?.021). In boys only, TPOAb were associated with GADA (p?=?.002), IA-2A (p?=?.001), ZnT8R/W/QA (p?=?.001) and IAA (p?=?.009), and TGAb with GADA (p?=?.013), IA-2A (p?=?.005) and ZnT8R/W/QA (p?=?.003). Levels of IA-2A correlated to both TPOAb (p?=?.021) and to TGAb (p?=?.011). In boys only, levels of GADA and TGAb correlated (p?=?.009 as did levels of IA-2A and TPOAb (p?=?.013). The frequency and levels of thyroid autoantibodies increased with age. At follow-up, 22.3% had abnormal thyroid function or were treated with thyroxine.

Conclusions: Thyroid autoimmunity and high TPOAb levels were more common in girls. In contrast, in boys only, there was a strong association with as well as correlation between levels of thyroid and islet autoantibodies. It is concluded that while girls may develop autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) independent of islet autoantibodies, the risk for thyroid disease in boys may be linked to concomitant islet autoimmunity.     

Systemic lupus erythematosus and thyroid disease – Experience in a single medical center in Taiwan

BackgroundTo investigate the association of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with thyroid diseases in a medical center in central Taiwan.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort of 2796 SLE patients in a tertiary referral medical center from 2000 to 2013. We screened SLE by catastrophic illness registration from national insurance bureau; and thyroid diseases by ICD 9 codes, then confirmed by thyroid function test, auto-antibody, medical and/or surgical intervention. We compared the rate of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in SLE patients and the 11,184 match controls. We calculated the rate of these thyroid diseases and positive antibodies to thyroglobulin (ATGAb), thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) in SLE patients grouped by the presence of overlap syndrome and anti-dsDNA antibody. We also compared the association of thyroid diseases to severe SLE conditions, including renal, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, and thrombocytopenia.ResultsCompared to the matched controls, the cumulative incidence of thyroid disease, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and AITD, were all higher in SLE patients (p < 0.0001). The average age of SLE patients with thyroid diseases patients were older than those without thyroid diseases (p = 0.002). Those had euthyroid AITD were younger than other patients with thyroid diseases (p = 0.02). Up to 30.3% SLE patients had overlap syndrome and had higher relative risk of thyroid diseases than those without overlap syndrome, in terms of hypothyroidism and AITD, but not hyperthyroidism. SLE patients with thyroid diseases also carry higher risk for severe complications such as renal involvement (p = 0.024) central nervous system involvement (p < 0.0001).ConclusionSLE patients had significantly higher rate of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and AITD than the matched control. Among lupus patients, the risks of thyroid diseases are even higher in the presence of overlap syndrome. SLE patients with thyroid diseases had higher risk of renal and CNS involvement.