快慢型房室结折返性心动过速的电生理特点

目的观察快慢型房室结折返性心动过速的体表心电图和心内电生理特点.方法分析29例快慢型房室结折返性心动过速(FS,简称FS组)的体表心电图和心内电生理参数,并与61例慢快型房室结折返性心动过速(SF,简称SF组)的心内电生理进行比较.结果FS组心电图RP＞PR,PR间期平均为122±37 ms,其中5例PR≤100 ms,P波在QRS波群之前,类似交界区心动过速,P波在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联为完全负向,V1导联为负正双向.FS组无AH间期跳跃现象较SF组更常见(69.0%vs.19.7%,有显著性差异P＜0.05);FS组心房和心室刺激更易诱发心动过速(79.3%vs.6.6%,有显著性差异P＜0.05).结论FS具有独特的体表心电图和心内电生理特点,这些特点有助于其诊断和射频导管消融治疗.     

205例房室结折返性心动过速患者的电生理特点分析

目的　总结 2 0 5例房室结双径路折返性心动过速 (AVNRT)患者的食管电生理特点。方法　收集 2 0 5例经心内电生理检查明确诊断的 AVNRT患者体表心电图、食管心电图、分析检出 DAVNP的刺激方法、SR跃增值、AVNRT诱发与终止方式、诱发带与终止带、AVNRT时的心电特点。结果　 (1)DAVNP的显现及 AVNRT的诱发 :176例 (85 .9% )出现 SR跃增 ,其中增频刺激法 (IP)显现者 173例(98.3% )。以 IP法诱发 AVNRT者 15 7例 (76 .6 % ) ,以 PES法诱发者 140例 (6 8.3) ,两种方法均可诱发者92例 (4 4.9% )。需用阿托品诱发者 31例 (15 .1% ) ,需用异丙肾诱发者 5例 (2 .4% )。 (2 ) AVNRT时的心电特点 :RR间期为 349.5 6± 73.5 5 ms,食管电极上 RP- 间期为 5 1.45± 13.0 6 ms,6例 (2 .9% )有 P波滞后现象。伴房室结连接区远侧端 2 :1阻滞 17例 (8.3% ) ,束支传导阻滞 (BBB) 4 9例 (2 3.9% ) ,其中 L BBB10例(4 .9% ) ,RBBB39例 (19% )。 95例 (4 6 .3% )患者的 V1 导联可见伪 r- 波 ,30例 (14.6 % )患者 、 及 av F导联出现伪 S波。结论　 (1) IP法及 PES法均有助于 DAVNP的诊断。 (2 ) AVNRT时的一些特殊心电现象有利于与其它类型室上性心动过速 (PSVT)鉴别。     

房室结折返性心动过速的电生理研究

房室结折返性心动过速的电生理研究盛晓东宋建平惠杰汪康平蒋文平随着电生理检查的深入，人们对临床电生理的一些理论和现象有了新的认识和提高。本文分析了９６例房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮ－ＲＴ），旨在探讨ＡＶＮＲＴ的电生理特征。材料和方法临床资料１９９２年１...     

多种类型房室结折返性心动过速的电生理特点

目的 探讨多种类型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）的电生理特征及消融体会。方法 回顾性分析成功行射频导管消融的113例AVNRT病人的临床和心内电生理资料。结果 113例AVNRT患者中6例存在多种类型AVNRT,其中存在2种、3种和4种类型AVNRT者各占2例,共有8种类型AVNRT;2例存在MAVNP,其余4例DAVNP阳性;均在慢径路区域行射频消融,放电时出现交界性早搏和/或心律,放电次数,功率、时间和X线曝光时间与同期慢-快型AVNRT相似,术后应用阿托品或异丙基肾上腺素未再诱发室上性心动过速,亦无回波,术中和术后均无房室传导阻滞,随访2.0-25.5月,无1例复发。结论 多种类型AVNRT并不少见,中径路既有逆传功能,也具有前传功能,多种类型AVNRT的射频消融类似于慢-快型AVNRT,安全有效。     

伴连续房室结功能曲线的房室结折返性心动过速的电生理特点

目的：探讨不存在房室结双径路特性的房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）的电生理特点。方法：102例AVNRT患分为3组：A组15例,存在连续房室结功能曲线,心房递增起搏时无AH间期跳跃（≥5ms)延长;B组21例,存在连续房室结功能曲线,心房递增起搏时有AH间期跳跃（≥50ms）延长;C组64例,存在不连续房室结功能曲线。比较3组患射频消融前后心房递增起搏时最大AH间期[AHmax(WCL)]、心房期前刺激时最大AH间期[AHmax(ERP)]、房室结前向和逆向传导有效不应期（ERP）、保持房室1：1传导的心房／心室起搏周长和心动过速周长。结果：3组患消融后AHmax(WCL)和AHmax（ERP）均明显短于消融前（P＜0．01）。B组和C组的消融后房室结前向ERP明显增加,而组无明显变化。A组消融前AHmax和房室结逆向ERP、消融后AHmax下降程度以及心动过速周长均小于B组和C组患。结论：伴连续房室结功能曲线的AVNRT患,心房刺激可表现或不表现房室结双径路的电生理特性,射频消融后心房刺激时AHmax明显缩短提示已成功根治了AVNRT。     

房室结折返性心动过速伴房室阻滞的心脏电生理特点

目的利用食管法心脏电生理检查探讨房室结折返性心动过速伴房室阻滞的电生理特点。方法回顾分析经食管法电生理检查中房室结折返性心动过速伴房室阻滞18例患者的资料。结果房室结折返性心动过速伴房室阻滞主要表现为2:1房室阻滞,多在诱发开始时出现数秒至数分钟,也可呈持久性存在,2:1传导转为1:1传导时多经过一过性3:2文氏传导并伴一过性束支阻滞。结论P波极向及P波与QRS波群的关系特点是房室结折返性心动过速伴2:1房室阻滞的诊断依据。以此排除房室折返性心动过速,并注意与房速相鉴别。     

房室结内折返性心动过速—快慢径路传导

随着电生理检查的深入 ,人们对临床电生理的一些理论和现象有了新的认识和提高。现将我院自 1997～ 2 0 0 0年期间 ,房室结内折返性心动过速中 ,具有代表性的 8例患者进行分析如下。8例中 ,男性 6例 ,年龄 3 5～ 64岁 ,其中 1例死亡 ;女性 2例 ,年龄 2 9～ 3 7岁。 8例患者平时均有心悸病史 ,发作时心率 12 0～ 195次 ｍｉｎ ,每次持续数分钟至数十分钟 ,甚至几小时。发作次数从每月数次到每日 1～ 2次。发作时心电图示 :心率 190次 ｍｉｎ ,ＱＲＳ波呈室上性。Ｒ -Ｒ间期匀齐0 3 1ｓ,Ｖ6 Ｒ -Ｐ间期 0 19ｓ,Ｐ -Ｒ间期 0 0 9ｓ,其它导…     

连续房室结功能曲线的慢快型房室结折返性心动过速的电生理特点及射频消融

目的探讨连续房室结功能曲线的慢快型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）电生理特点及射频消融。方法共分A、B、C三组，A组35例，典型AVNRT；B组21例，非典型AVNRT；C组16例，伴连续房室结功能曲线的慢快型AVNRT。比较三组消融前后心房递增起搏或心房程序刺激时最大的AH间期（AHmax）、房室结前向有效不应期（ERP）、保持房室1：1传导的最快心房刺激时的刺激信号至QRS波起始（SR）与RR间期比值（SR／RR）。结果消融前后A、B、C三组AHmax和SR／RR均明显减少，A组ERP明显增长；而组间比较，A组AHmax减少幅度比B、C组明显大，P〈0.01。C组患者经冠状静脉窦口处递增起搏或程序刺激均可诱发出AVNRT。B组和C组还要增加从三尖瓣环至冠状静脉窦口的划线消融，可以提高消融成功率。结论伴房室结功能曲线的慢快型AVNRT患者经冠状静脉窦口处递增或程序刺激可提高AVNRT诱发率，除慢径路消融外，增加从三尖瓣环至冠状静脉窦口划线消融可提高消融成功率，AHmax和SR／RR也可作为房室结消融成功的指标之一。     

快慢型房室结折返性心动过速致完全性电交替阶梯现象1例

患者男性 ,４８岁。因反复阵发性心悸１０余年 ,再发０．５ｈ急诊入院。曾作Ｘ线胸片及超声心动描记术检查未发现异常。发作时心电图 (图１)见快速匀齐的室上性ＱＲＳ波群 ,心室率为２３１次／ｍｉｎ ,其前有Ｐ-波 ,Ｐ-＿Ｒ间期为０．０８ｓ ,Ｐ-＿Ｒ间期＜Ｒ＿Ｐ-间期。同时见振幅不同的３种形态Ｐ波、ＱＲＳ波群、ＳＴ段及Ｔ波 ,呈现周期性的交替现象 ,每６个心搏为一个周期 ,其中Ｐ-波在Ｖ１ 导联以倒置＿高＿中及倒置＿中＿高两种规律交替出现 ,Ｐ -＿Ｒ间期恒定。ＱＲＳ波群在Ｖ１ 导联以低＿中＿高及低＿高＿中两种规律交替 ,ＱＲＳ时…     

房室结双径路参与的房室折返性心动过速

患者男性,38岁。有阵发性室上性心动过速(室上速)史10余年,近2年发作频繁,室上速发作时各种抗心律失常药物均不能直接终止,每次均需食管调搏超速或亚速刺激方可终止。此次因心悸5ｈ就诊。查体:神志清晰,血压12080ｍｍＨｇ(1ｍｍＨｇ=0133ｋＰａ),心率190次ｍｉｎ,律齐,各瓣膜听诊区未闻杂音。心动过速发作时心电图如图1所示。ＱＲＳ波形为室上性,在Ｖ1导联呈ＱＳ型,时限008ｓ,频率190次ｍｉｎ。ＲＲ间期长短交替,分别为320ｍｓ和270ｍｓ。食管导联可见Ｐ′波在ＱＲＳ波群之后,ＲＰ′间期固定,为012ｓ,Ｐ′波形态一致。Ｐ′Ｒ间期则长短交替,…     

Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics in patients with atrioventricular reentrant and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.

AIM: To compare clinical, electrophysiological characteristics and transcatheter ablation results between two groups of patients, one with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) and the other with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). METHODS: The study population consisted of 94 consecutive patients who underwent endocavitary electrophysiological study and radiofrequency (RF) ablation: 46 patients had AVRT due to an accessory pathway with only retrograde conduction while 48 patients had AVNRT. RESULTS: In relation to general and clinical characteristics, differences between the two groups emerged regarding the age of symptom onset (25+/-16 vs 37+/-17 years, p=0.001), the prevalence of heart disease (8 vs 31%, p=0.001) and the correct diagnosis on surface ECG (50 vs 79%, p=0.001). Clinical presentation was quite similar apart from a higher prevalence of fatigue and sweating in the AVNRT group. Transcatheter RF ablation therapy results were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AVRT have a lower mean age at arrhythmia symptom onset compared with those with AVNRT and have fewer associated cardiac abnormalities. Clinical presentation is quite similar as well as their outcome after ablation. A correct diagnosis by standard ECG is more frequent in AVNRT.     

Para-Hisian entrainment: a novel pacing maneuver to differentiate orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia from atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

INTRODUCTION: Para-Hisian pacing during sinus rhythm can help to identify the presence of an accessory pathway (AP). In this maneuver, the retrograde activation time and pattern are compared during capture and loss-of-capture of the His bundle while pacing from a para-Hisian position. However, identification of a retrograde AP does not necessitate that it is operative during the tachycardia of interest; conversely, slowly conducting or "distant" bypass tracts may not be identified. We evaluated the utility of entrainment or resetting of tachycardias from the para-Hisian position to help distinguish atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) from orthodromic atrioventricular tachycardia (AVRT). METHODS AND RESULTS: Para-Hisian entrainment/resetting was evaluated in 50 patients: 33 with AVNRT and 17 with AVRT. The maneuvers were performed using a standard quadripolar catheter placed at the His position: low output for right ventricular (RV) capture and high output for both RV and His capture. The retrograde atrial activation sequence, SA interval (interval from stimulus to earliest retrograde atrial activation), and "local" VA interval (interval between the ventricular and atrial electrograms at the site of earliest retrograde atrial activation) were compared between His and His/RV capture. The DeltaSA was > 40 ms in patients with AVNRT and was < 40 ms in all but one patient with AVRT. In concert with the DeltaSA interval, the DeltaVA interval was able to fully define the mechanism of the tachycardia in all patients studied. CONCLUSION: Para-Hisian entrainment/resetting can determine the course of retrograde conduction operative during narrow complex tachycardias. It is a useful diagnostic maneuver in differentiating AVNRT and orthodromic AVRT.     

Typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in a patient with fasciculoventricular pathway

We report a 34-year-old female patient with preexcitation electrocardiogram and recurrent paroxysmal palpitations. Standard 12-lead electrocardiogram showed minimal preexcitation with normal PR interval and normal frontal QRS axis. The electrophysiologic study showed normal AH intervals, short HV intervals, and no change in the degree of preexcitation by rapid atrial pacing. These findings were compatible with the fasciculoventricular pathway. Typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with narrow QRS complex and normal HV interval was induced reproducibly by programmed electrical stimulation. Slow pathway was ablated successfully with radiofrequency catheter ablation, and then the patient remained asymptomatic during a follow-up of 12 months. Although the fasciculoventricular pathway is rare and supraventricular tachycardia in a patient with fasciculoventricular pathway may mimic Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, possibility of typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with fasciculoventricular pathway should be considered as a mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia in a patient showing preexcitation electrocardiogram.     

房室折返和房室结折返性心动过速患者的个性分析

目的探讨房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)和房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)患者的个性特征。方法采用龚耀先修订的艾森克个性问卷量表,对83例AVRT、105例AVNRT患者射频消融前后和50例对照组正常人的精神质(P)、内外向(E)、情绪稳定性(N)和掩饰倾向(L)值进行测量。结果射频消融前后,各组之间的P、E、N和L值相比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);射频消融前后AVNRT组内女性患者的N分值较男性高(分别为12.93±2.83vs9.88±2.61;12.84±2.87vs9.87±2.64;P均<0.05)。结论AVNRT女性患者具有神经质倾向,这可能是在AVNRT中女性占多数的原因之一。     

伴连续性房室结功能曲线的房室结折返性心动过速的电生理分析

目的：探讨无房室结双径路特性的房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的电生理特点。方法：所有心动过速患射频消融前常规行心内电生理检查。结果：845例射频病人中325例为AVNRT，其中有21例患房室结功能曲线呈连续性，其电生理特征：希氏束图上心房回波(A)先出现，A波落在室波升支或其前，希氏柬不应期内刺激心室，不能提前夺获心房，射频消融后心房刺激时AHmax明显缩短。结论：伴连续性房室结功能曲线的AVNRT患心房刺激不表现房室结双径路的电生理特性，其消融终点初步定为：心房心室S1S1、S1S2刺激不诱发AVNRT；无AHvH传导曲线跳跃；房室结前传不应期明显缩短。     

Simultaneous dual fast and slow pathway conduction upon induction of typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: electrophysiologic characteristics in a series of patients

INTRODUCTION: Simultaneous dual atrioventricular nodal conduction (SDNC) through slow (SP) and fast pathway (FP) is a rare phenomenon observed upon the induction of atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia (AVNRT). The aim of this study is to report the electrophysiological features of patients showing typical AVNRT induced through SDNC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 461 consecutive patients with typical AVNRT submitted to radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), seven patients (1.5%) with SDNC at tachycardia onset (group I: 6 female; age 60-72 years, mean 65.2 +/- 3.8 years) and 118 age-matched controls (group II: 60 female; age 60-88 years, mean 68.4 +/- 6.8 years) were considered. Controls were further subdivided into two subgroups according to age: subgroup A (94 patients, age 60-75 years) and subgroup B (24 patients, age >75 years). The value of the following parameters was significantly higher in group I than in group II and in subgroup A: A-H interval [113 +/- 26 vs. 89 +/- 27 (P < 0.01) vs. 84 +/- 19 (P < 0.001)], ventriculoatrial conduction effective refractory period [355 +/- 85 vs. 293 +/- 87 (P < 0.05) vs. 281 +/- 82 (P < 0.05)], SP conduction time upon AVNRT induction [444 +/- 104 vs. 350 +/- 72 (P < 0.01); vs. 345 +/- 67 (P < 0.001)], AVNRT cycle length [484 +/- 103 vs. 396 +/- 71 ms (P < 0.05); vs. 384 +/- 69 (P < 0.05)], and rate of AVNRT induction from ventricle [71% vs. 10% (P = 0.001); vs. 6% (P = 0.001)]. Differences were mostly not significant between group I and subgroup B. SP location and RFCA success rate were similar in all groups. CONCLUSION: In a population of AVNRT patients, SDNC at AVNRT induction is infrequent and it prevails beyond the fifth decade of life and in females. SDNC is associated with peculiar AVN conduction features, which resemble the age-related modifications of AVN conduction.     

Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in the elderly

INTRODUCTION: Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common regular supraventricular tachycardia in the general population as well as in elderly patients. The purpose of the study was to investigate the success and complication rate particularly regarding the induction of an atrioventricular (AV) block by radiofrequency (RF) ablation in elderly patients with and without a preexisting AV block. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between February 1998 and July 2004, all patients with symptomatic AVNRT referred for slow-pathway ablation in our institution were included and divided into two groups: group 1 patients younger than 75 years (n = 508) and group 2 patients > or =75 years (n = 70). A preexisting prolonged PR interval was present in 17 (3.3%) patients of group 1 and in 26 (37%, P < 0.0001) patients of group 2. Following successful slow-pathway ablation (follow-up time group 1: 37 +/- 22, group 2: 37 +/- 24 months) no induction of an AV block was observed in group 2 but in four patients of group 1 (0.79%) a complete heart block was induced requiring a pacemaker implantation. In group 1, 15 (2.95%) patients with a recurrence of AVNRT were readmitted for a repeat ablation procedure. No recurrences occurred in group 2. CONCLUSION: Despite a higher incidence of preexisting prolonged PR intervals slow-pathway ablation in elderly patients is both effective and safe and should be considered as the first line therapy also in this patient population.     

Acute blood pressure changes after the onset of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: a time-course analysis

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to characterize blood pressure (BP) response at the beginning of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and its relationship to orthostatic challenge and variable atrioventricular interval. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this prospective study of 17 consecutive patients with documented AVNRT, mean BP was analyzed in the supine and upright positions during sinus rhythm, AVNRT, and pacing with atrioventricular delay of 150 msec (AV150) and 0 msec (AV0). Mean BPs were compared at 3-5 seconds, 8-10 seconds, and 28-30 seconds after the onset of AVNRT or pacing. BP decreased immediately after AVNRT initiation, with gradual recovery during the first 30 seconds from 71.9 +/- 16.5 mmHg to 86 +/- 13.8 mmHg, P < 0.01. A similar pattern was observed during AV0, but not during AV150, pacing. While supine, mean BP decrease was more pronounced during AVNRT and AV0 pacing (-26.1% and -32.1%, respectively) than during AV150 pacing (-8%, P = 0.02 and P = 0.07, respectively). This difference subsided 30 seconds after the onset of AVNRT or pacing. When upright, the mean BP time course was similar, but mean BP recovery during AVNRT was slower, and the difference between mean BP during AVNRT and AV150 persisted at 30 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: The initial mean BP decrease during AVNRT recovered gradually within 30 seconds. A short atrioventricular interval is associated with a greater mean BP decrease at the onset of tachycardia. These observations may explain clinical symptoms immediately after the onset of AVNRT.