Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.     

Study of age of fusion of hyoid bone

The present study was conducted to determine the age of fusion of greater cornua with the body of hyoid bone. Age of fusion of hyoid bone can help in determining the age of an individual, especially of unknown dead bodies where only skeletal remains are available. A victim of compression of neck will more likely have fracture of hyoid bone if his hyoid bone is fused. Indian authors have reported that the fusion of hyoid bone occurs after 40 years of age. Studies done by foreign workers observed that hyoid bone fused at an earlier age (30-40 years). A total of 170 excised hyoid bones from dead bodies belonging to the age group of 20-65 years were studied. Fusion occurred earlier in females as compared to males by about 5 years. The mean age of unilateral and bilateral fusion in males was 38.25 and 53.16 years, respectively. The mean age of unilateral and bilateral fusion in females was 38.00 and 48.50 years, respectively. All the hyoid bones were fused after the age of 60 years. No significant differences were found between the fusion on right and left side.     

Variant of quantitative evaluation of the mechanisms of orthostatic response of central hemodynamics

This paper describes an approach that can help clarify mechanisms of central circulation of orthostatic men using a mathematical model and noninvasive methods of examinations. Circulation parameters such as peripheral resistance (PR), arterial compliance (Ca), and ratio of vein compliance (Cv) to the pump coefficient of the heart (beta) were determined by the "partial identification" method of the two-component circulation model with the aid of cardiac output and arterial blood pressure measured by tetrapolar thoracic rheography and tachooscillography. The paper also contains physiological interpretation of the above parameters as related to the upright posture of man. Peripheral resistance in the head-up position characterizes both the degree of arterial vasoconstriction and the state of the so-called muscle pump. Blood displacement to the lower body results in an increase of the ratio Cv . beta. The orthostatic reaction of circulation of 28 healthy male subjects was investigated. Blood pooling in the lower body, with venous and cardiac reactions being manifest, led to the fall of arterial pressure and cardiac output to 67% when compared with the pretest level. The change in the properties of resistance vessels (Ca and PR) accelerated the recovery of the arterial pressure value.     

湿润烧伤膏治疗婴儿湿疹的临床疗效观察

目的观察、探讨湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)治疗婴儿湿疹的临床疗效。方法将84例婴儿湿疹患儿随机分为治疗组(44例)和对照组(40例),治疗组外涂湿润烧伤膏治疗,对照组外涂湿疹膏治疗,连续治疗1周后,观察两组疗效。结果治疗组有效率为97.73%,对照组有效率为82.50%;两组疗效经秩和检验,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);随访1个月,治疗组未见复发,对照组有2例患儿复发。结论湿润烧伤膏治疗婴儿湿疹疗效好,无毒副作用,安全可靠。     

海马头部浅沟消失对海马硬化诊断价值的探讨

目的　探讨海马头部浅沟消失对海马硬化的诊断价值。方法　对 18例经组织学检查证实的海马硬化患者的MRI检查资料和 18例年龄相匹配的对照组进行回顾性分析 ,观察海马头部浅沟的显示情况、海马头部大小和信号改变。结果　 18例海马硬化患者中 ,16例硬化侧海马头部浅沟消失 ,1例硬化侧海马头部浅沟明显变浅 ,几乎消失 ,1例硬化侧海马头部浅沟存在。硬化侧海马头部均有萎缩 ,并在T2 WI和液体衰减恢复 (FLAIR)成像呈高信号。海马头部浅沟消失对海马硬化诊断的敏感性为 88.9% ,特异性为 10 0 %。结论　海马头部浅沟消失是诊断海马硬化的一个可靠征象 ,结合患侧海马有萎缩性改变和T2 加权成像信号增高 ,可肯定诊断海马硬化。     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

General principles of treatment of mine-explosive wounds of ENT-organs

The relevance of diagnosis and treatment of mine-explosive wounds ENT high. Treatment of explosives, Russian Academy of Sciences-the challenge and consists of a series of sequential steps that need to be applied, taking into account all the particularities of each injury. Concepts of specialized surgical care of the wounded are formulated. The main are: 1) one-stage surgical treatment of comprehensive primary wounds with detent of bone fragments, reconstruction of defects of soft tissue with positive wound and related fascial spatium drainage; 2) general intensive care during the postoperative period, including water-electrolytic balance correction, sympathetic block, controlled hemodilution and adequate analgesia; 3) intensive therapy of postoperative wounds, aimed at creating favorable conditions for its healing and includes targeted selective influence on hemophoresis in the wound and the local proteoclastic processes.     

武警某院急诊科抗菌药物处方分析

 目的 了解武警某院急诊科抗菌药物的使用情况。方法 提取急诊科2015年下半年的处方,遴选出使用抗菌药物(除去眼膏、外用膏药及中成药)的处方。对抗菌药物处方进行分类统计及分析, 包括使用抗菌药物的种类及比例、使用居前6位的抗菌药物、抗菌药物的联合使用情况等。结果 在2015年下半年急诊处方中有抗菌药物处方3872张,占处方总数的22.3%。使用抗菌药物构成比中,喹诺酮类药物使用频率最高,占42.9%。使用居第一位的药物是左氧氟沙星,占39.8%。单联处方77.86%,二联处方22.14%,无三联处方。结论 2015年下半年我院急诊科抗菌药物使用符合卫生部抗菌药物使用规定,但有些方面还需要进一步改进。     

消妇炎胶囊辅料的合理性实验研究

目的确定消妇炎胶囊的辅料及用量。方法以浸膏粉的吸湿率和流动性为考察指标,对加入淀粉、糊精及微晶纤维素3种不同辅料后制得的颗粒进行考察,优选出最佳辅料后,再对最佳辅料的不同用量进行考察。结果加入辅料后,颗粒的抗吸湿能力和流动性都明显改善,其中加入淀粉后,分别在6、12、24、48、60 h测得的吸湿率为2.01%、4.03%、5.98%、6.66%、7.31%,休止角为34.61°,均小于糊精与微晶纤维素,表明加入淀粉颗粒质量最好;每80 g浸膏粉中分别加入30、45、60 g淀粉,综合判定45 g较好。结论每80 g浸膏粉加入淀粉45 g为辅料用量参数,制得颗粒的抗吸湿能力和流动性均好,可节约成本。     

Efficacy of noninvasive modalities of diagnosis of thrombophlebitis

In a blind prospective study of 158 limbs, Doppler ultrasound, pneumoplethysmography, and radionuclide venography (RNV) using 99mTc-MAA were compared to phlebography as methods of detecting thrombophlebitis. All three noninvasive modalities were very insensitive to isolated thrombus below the knee. In patients with extension of thrombus above the knee and isolated thrombus in the deep veins of the upper limb, Doppler ultrasound had a sensitivity of 81% and RNV had a sensitivity of 77%. All of the noninvasive modalities were found to be dependent on venous occlusion. Overall, pneumoplethysmography had a sensitivity of 28% and specificity of 96%, compared with 56% and 91%, respectively, for Doppler ultrasound and 51% and 84% for RNV. Based on these findings, phlebography would still seem to be the modality of choice in the diagnosis of thrombophlebitis.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Generalizability of center of pressure measures of quiet standing

Center of pressure (COP) measures are commonly used as indicators of balance and postural control. At present, there are no universally accepted standards in research investigating fluctuations in the COP with regard to the number of trials or the length of a given trial. The purpose of this study was to use the tools of Generalizability Theory (G-Theory) to investigate the reliability of COP measures of quiet standing and to establish an optimal measurement protocol. G-Theory provides a tool that allows us to break down the sources of variation, or facets, in a measurement procedure and ultimately design a protocol that provides optimal reliability. Fifteen participants completed 10 90-s trials with eyes open and closed. COP measures of anterior-posterior standard deviation (SD(AP)), medial-lateral SD (SD(ML)), average velocity (Vel), and 95% confidence ellipse area (Area) were calculated using the first 30, 60, and 90s of each trial. A G-study and follow-up D-studies were performed to estimate reliability coefficients (G-coefficients). The results of the G-Theory analysis suggest that these COP measures reached acceptable levels of reliability (G>or=0.70) with at least five 60s trials.     

Perspectives of improvement of the medical service of the Armed Forces of Russian Federation

The article presents the data concerned the creation of perspective image of the medical service of the Armed Forces of Russian Federation for the term up to 2016 year. Particularly, it's planed to optimize structure and staff of the medical service on the base of territorial principle of medical provision, exchange some military posts for civil ones, improve the financial system and system of material stimulation of work, engrain a double level of administration. It is in store to modernize the system of military-medical education, review the organization and establishment of military hospitals, break up medical stores, and on theirs account create centers of providing by medcial techniques and properties, to form mobile-technical centers, improve the administration of sanatorium-resort maintenance. The military unit of military medicine was defined as the foreground direction of reforming of medical service.     

34例骶髂关节损伤的临床治疗

目的　总结骶髂关节损伤的诊断和治疗经验。方法　回顾性分析 34例骶髂关节损伤 ,比较不同影像学检查方法的敏感性和治疗方法的疗效。结果　不同的影像学检查方法存在着敏感性差异。 34例中除 1例在手术后 17天死于肺栓塞 ,其余 33例平均随访 14 .7个月 ,优良率达 71.8%。结论　CT扫描和骶髂拉力螺钉固定是骶髂关节损伤的最佳检查和治疗方法     

X线照片均方根值粒状度的测试探讨

作者介绍了Ｘ线照片均方根值（ＲＭＳ）粒状度的测试原理及方法。对ＣａＷＯ４／Ｆｕｊｉ和ＢａＦＣｌ：Ｅｕ／Ｆｕｊｉ两种屏胶系统在不同条件下的ＲＭＳ值进行了测试。     

抑郁意象特征因子结构探索

 目的 探索抑郁意象特征问卷的因子结构及有效性,为抑郁情绪判定和测量提供依据。方法 通过文献分析、专家小组讨论确定抑郁意象特征因子56项并编制初测问卷施测于109名被试,对初测数据进行项目分析和探索性因素分析,确定22个抑郁意象特征的正式施测问卷,并施测于另一组109名被试,对数据进行因子选取及主成分分析,而后进行方差最大正交旋转法进行因子旋转,获得主成分数目特征值>1的为因子数目,进行KMO和Bartlett球形度检验分析。结果 在探索性因素分析中,抽取12个项目中特征值>1的因子4个:情绪低落、乐感降低、精力减退和能力下降,共解释总方差的55.18％。验证性因子分析结果为:近似误差均方根(RMSEA)为0.057、χ²值与自由度之比(χ²/df) 为2.134、拟合优度指数(GFI)为0.935、比较拟合指数(CFI)为0.912、不规范拟合指数(NNFI)为0.896。结论 由12个抑郁意象特征问卷构建的四因子结构,数据对模型拟合较好,验证抑郁意象特征四因子模型是合理的,可以作为抑郁情绪判定和测量的依据     

PYLL DALY和HeaLY在疾病负担研究中的作用分析

目的：探讨PYLL、DALY和HeaLY在疾病负担研究中的作用及其特点。方法：以汉中市农村脑卒中监测基地为基础，采用标准的计算方法，计算PYLL、DALY和HeaLY。结果：汉中市农村人口因患脑卒中所致PYLL为220．0年，男性和女性分别占59％和41％；DALY为598．88年，因死亡和失能损失分别占78．7％和21．3％，男性和女性分别占57．3％和42．7％：HeaLY为301．73年，因死亡和失能损失分别占73．5％和26．5％。结论；PYLL适用于评价早死的疾病；DALY适用于评价致残率比较高的疾病，但计算比较复杂；HeaLY是简化的DALY，适用于粗略的估计疾病负担。     

胃癌CT表现及其对手术切除可行性的探讨

目的：探讨胃癌CT表现、诊断价值及CT扫描对胃癌手术切除可行性评估。材料与方法；60例常规CT扫描的胃癌病例，并行手术病理对照，评价手术切除可行性。结果：除3例原胃癌，5例早期胃癌外均有明显胃癌CT征象，胃壁增厚42例，软组织肿块24例，胃周脂肪线改变35例，胃周及远处淋巴结肿大13例，邻近器官及远处器官转移5例，胃壁明显强化28例。结论：胃癌CT扫描能显示内脏及胃壁病变、胃周及邻近器官浸润，远处脏器及淋巴结转移等特征，是胃癌定性诊断、术前分期及术后随访的有效手段，是术前评估的重要方法。