腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌的临床疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌患者的临床疗效。方法选取2012-02~2015-10该院收治的结直肠癌患者76例,根据手术方式的不同分为腹腔镜组(n=39)和开腹组(n=37)。腹腔镜组采用腹腔镜手术治疗,开腹组采用传统开腹手术治疗,比较两组患者切口长度、手术时间、术中失血量、术后肛门排气时间、开始进流食时间、下床活动时间、住院时间、淋巴结清扫数目以及术后并发症发生情况。结果腹腔镜组切口长度、术中失血量、术后肛门排气时间、开始进流食时间、下床活动时间、住院时间均明显小于或低于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组淋巴结清扫数目比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组并发症发生率为7.69%(3/39),开腹组为27.03%(10/37),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术具有安全、创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点。     

快速康复外科在结直肠癌根治术中的临床研究

目的探讨快速康复外科在结直肠癌根治术中应用的价值。方法按患者同意原则,将136例结直肠癌患者分成三组分别进行根治性切除术:快速康复外科组50例;腹腔镜手术组21例;开腹组65例,比较三组患者术后恢复情况。结果平均术后住院时间:快速康复外科组7.0d,腹腔镜手术组8.5d,开腹组12.5 d(P0.05);术后30d内并发症发生率:快速康复外科组为10.0%,腹腔镜手术组为14.3%,开腹组为15.2%(P0.05)。结论快速康复外科应用于结直肠癌根治是安全的,与腹腔镜手术、开腹手术相比,患者术后康复快、术后并发症少、住院时间缩短。     

开腹术与腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌对其手术情况、术后恢复及复发转移的对比研究

目的临床比较开腹术与腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌患者的手术情况、术后恢复及复发转移率。方法纳入2014年3月至2016年3月在广州军区广州总医院接受手术治疗的400例结直肠癌患者,随机分为腹腔镜组与开腹组,各200例。开腹组患者行传统开腹手术治疗,腹腔镜组患者行腹腔镜手术治疗。观察两组患者手术的一般情况、术后恢复情况及随访1年的复发与转移情况。结果两组患者经不同术式治疗后,腹腔镜组术中出血量明显少于开腹组(P0.001),腹腔镜组切口长度明显短于开腹组(P0.001),但腹腔镜组手术时间明显长于开腹组(P0.001),而两组淋巴结清扫数量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组下床活动时间、肠鸣音恢复时间明显早于开腹组(P均0.001),且住院时间明显短于开腹组(P0.001)。两组脱落肿瘤细胞阳性率、复发率与转移率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论腹腔镜术治疗结直肠癌较传统开腹术具有出血量少、创伤小,术后恢复快,且与开统开腹术治疗效果相当,不会增加远期转移复发率等优点,因此临床应用价值更高。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌患者的疗效观察及对胃肠功能的影响研究

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌患者的临床疗效以及对胃肠功能的影响。方法选取62例结直肠癌患者为研究对象,采取数字表法随机分为腹腔镜直肠癌根治术组及开腹结直肠癌根治术组各31例。结果腹腔镜组手术时间与开腹手术时间比较差异无显著性;出血量(84.77±12.06)mL、住院时间(10.20±1.40)d、并发症发生率(22.58%)、肠鸣音恢复时间(2.76±0.05)d、排气时间(2.51±1.03)d、进食时间(53.20±20.04)h等均明显低于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌,术中出血量少、手术时间短、住院时间短、并发症低,且对胃肠功能造成的影响小。     

腹腔镜与开腹胃癌根治术的疗效及对IL-2和IL-6浓度的影响

目的分析开腹及腹腔镜根治胃癌的疗效及对白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-6水平的影响。方法将胃癌患者分为开腹手术组及腹腔镜手术组,每组35例;观察患者手术切口的长度、出血量及肠道功能恢复时间,并测定患者手术前后IL-2、IL-6水平。结果腹腔镜手术组手术切口显著小于开腹手术组,出血量明显少于开腹手术组(P0.05),开腹手术组肠道功能恢复时间明显长于腹腔镜手术组(P0.05),两组手术前IL-2和IL-6浓度差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后均明显比术前升高,且腹腔镜手术组IL-2水平显著低于开腹手术组(P0.05),两组术后1 d,IL-2和IL-6均达到最高值,且开腹手术组IL-2水平显著高于腹腔镜手术组(P0.01),手术结束及手术后1 d开腹手术组IL-6水平明显高于腹腔镜手术组(P0.01)。两组远期生存率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论治疗胃癌运用腹腔镜手术能够有效减少术中出血量,减小手术切口且能在很短的时间内恢复肠道功能,IL-2、IL-6升高幅度小且患者手术后的副作用明显下降,有效提升了患者的生活质量。     

腹腔镜与开腹完整结肠系膜切除术164例的临床对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术(complete mesorectal excision,CME)在术后恢复、手术质量及中期疗效方面的差异。 方法收集滨州医学院附属淄博市中心医院腹腔镜外科2010年12月至2014年9月间实施的164例结肠癌CME手术患者的临床资料。其中腹腔镜手术组92例,开腹手术组72例,比较两组患者的术后恢复、肿瘤根治性、术后感染发生率及中期复发率方面的差异。 结果腹腔镜组在术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后下床时间、切口感染率方面均优于开腹手术组,两组患者的近端切缘、远端切缘长度及淋巴结清扫数目的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组患者在手术时间方面无统计学差异(P>0.05)。164例患者中,有134例(81.7%)接受了术后随访,中位随访时间21个月。腹腔镜组与开腹组的局部复发率分别为4.3%(4/92)和4.2%(3/72),差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论腹腔镜结肠癌CME手术较开腹手术能显著缩短患者术后恢复时间,且能达到与开腹手术相同的肿瘤根治范围,中期复发率于开腹手术相当,有良好发展前景。     

腹腔镜修补术治疗老年十二指肠溃疡合并穿孔的疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹修补术对老年十二指肠溃疡合并穿孔(DUP)患者的疗效。方法选取2014年3月至2017年3月秭归县中医医院普外科收治的老年DUP患者100例,依据治疗方法分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,每组50例。开腹组给予开腹修补术治疗,腹腔镜组给予腹腔镜修补术治疗,比较两组疗效、并发症和胃动素水平。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据处理。依据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验和χ2检验。结果腹腔镜组下床时间[(28.87±3.07)vs(38.02±4.22)h]、住院时间[(3.69±0.82)vs(5.75±1.03)d]、肛门排气时间[(15.08±1.63)vs(27.36±2.86)h]、肠鸣音恢复时间[(64.58±6.62)vs(81.46±8.36)h]、术中出血量[(52.45±5.27)vs(76.74±8.04)ml]、并发症发生率(10.00%vs28.00%)均显著低于开腹组(P0.05)。腹腔镜组术后1 d[(182.43±19.52)vs(233.59±25.47)ng/L]和2 d[(156.37±16.24)vs(180.42±20.18)ng/L]血清胃动素水平显著高于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访3个月,腹腔镜组愈合优良率(96.00%vs 80.00%)显著高于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与开腹修补术比较,腹腔镜修补术可有效减少老年DUP患者手术创伤及并发症的发生,有利于患者术后胃肠功能的恢复,值得临床进一步推广。     

腹腔镜手术治疗胃大部切除术后胆总管结石的效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗胃大部切除术后胆总管结石的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院2010年1月-2016年10月收治的46例行手术治疗的胃大部切除术后胆总管结石患者(均合并胆囊结石)的临床资料,其中25例行腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管探查术(腹腔镜组),21例行开腹胆囊切除+胆总管探查术(开腹组)。比较2组患者手术相关情况及术后并发症。2组间计量资料比较采用t检验,计数资料比较采用χ~2检验。结果 2组患者均无围手术期死亡病例,腹腔镜组2例(8.0%)中转开腹。腹腔镜组与开腹组相比,术后下床活动时间[(1.2±0.6)d vs(2.4±1.2)d)]、术后肛门排气时间[(1.8±0.5)d vs(2.8±0.8)d]及术后住院时间[(5.2±1.1)d vs(7.5±2.3)d]差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.395﹑5.168﹑4.439,P值均0.001)。2组患者的手术时间、手术出血量、住院费用、T管留置和结石残留率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均0.05)。腹腔镜组术后2例患者出现并发症,发生率为8.0%,开腹组术后3例患者出现并发症,发生率为14.3%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.495)。结论腹腔镜手术治疗胃大部切除术后胆总管结石是安全可行的,且较开腹手术而言,有明显的微创优势。     

腹腔镜下T管引流在肝内外胆管结石患者中的应用效果研究

目的探讨腹腔镜下T管引流在肝内外胆管结石患者中的应用效果。方法选取2015年6月至2018年6月于我院接受治疗的296例肝内外胆管结石患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为腹腔镜手术组(n=148)和开腹手术组(n=148),腹腔镜手术组应用腹腔镜下T管引流术治疗,开腹手术组应用开腹胆总管切开取石术治疗。对比两组患者临床资料,统计两组患者手术出血量、手术时间、再次手术率、术后住院时间、术后胃肠恢复时间等近期疗效指标,并计算两组远期并发症总发生率。结果腹腔镜手术组和开腹手术组性别、结石分布、胆总管直径、术前总胆红素及胆囊切除手术史等临床资料对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者手术时间、术后住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),腹腔镜手术组手术出血量(24.69±10.74)mL,再次手术率1.35%,术后胃肠恢复时间(1.52±0.39)d,分别少于开腹手术组的手术出血量(69.38±20.17)mL,再次手术率12.16%,术后胃肠恢复时间(3.69±0.46)d,数据对比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组发生1例腹腔感染占比0.68%,1例切口感染占比0.68%,1例切口脂肪液化占比0.68%;开腹手术组发生2例急性胆管炎占比1.35%,7例腹腔感染占比4.73%,11例切口感染占比7.43%,3例切口脂肪液化占比2.02%。腹腔镜手术组远期并发症总发生率为2.02%,显著低于开腹手术组并发症总发生率15.54%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下T管引流术较开腹胆总管切开取石术能够减少患者手术出血量、再次手术及术后胃肠恢复时间,术后患者远期并发症发生率较低,适合临床推广。     

腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术与传统开腹手术治疗早期胃癌的疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术与传统开腹手术治疗早期胃癌的临床效果。方法选取该院2013-11~2014-11收治的72例早期胃癌患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组(36例)和观察组(36例)。对照组行传统开腹手术治疗;观察组于腹腔镜下行远端胃癌根治术治疗。统计两组患者手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、恢复半流质时间及住院天数,观察两组患者术后并发症发生情况,随访12个月,了解患者术后复发、癌细胞转移及存活情况。结果观察组手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量[(168.8±30.9)min、(6.6±2.3)cm、(131.8±63.4)ml]和术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、恢复半流质时间及住院天数[(2.9±1.4)、(2.4±0.9)、(7.4±1.6)及(10.7±3.6)d]均短于或少于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者术后并发症发生率(8.3%)较对照组(27.6%)低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访12个月,两组患者均无肿瘤局部复发、癌细胞转移及死亡病例,存活率为100.0%。结论腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术治疗早期胃癌可获得与开腹手术相同的效果,但其手术时间短,术中出血量少,有利于患者术后尽早恢复,优势更显著。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.