64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

闭塞性与非闭塞性肺栓塞双源CT双能量肺灌注成像的初步研究

目的:探讨急性肺栓塞(PE)患者双源CT肺动脉成像(CTPA)显示的闭塞性与非闭塞性栓子在双源CT双能量肺灌注成像(DEPI)的视觉分析法及半定量分析的初步研究.方法:搜集本院2015年6月-2017年1月经CTPA及DEPI扫描确诊的31例急性PE患者的病例资料.分析CTPA,记录PE栓子的数量、分布部位及栓塞类型.分析DEPI,分别计算每个栓子栓塞区与对照区肺组织灌注CT值的差值(△CT值).结果:将CTPA所示栓子按其分布部位及栓塞程度分为四型:中央型闭塞型、中央型非闭塞型、周围型闭塞型、周围型非闭塞型.DEPI视觉分析法:闭塞型组中,表现为灌注减低、灌注轻度减低、灌注不变的比例为78.57％(99/126)、21.43％(27/126)、0.00％(0/126).非闭塞组中,其比例分别为19.70％(26/132)、34.09％(45/132)、46.21％(61/132).中央型闭塞型、中央型非闭塞型、周围型闭塞型、周围型非闭塞型视觉阳性率分别为100.00％(85/85)、66.11％(66/108)、100.00％(41/41)、20.83％(5/24).DEPI半定量分析:闭塞型与非闭塞型间差异具有统计学意义[(64.59±12.10)HUvs (33.12±9.72)HU,t=22.968,P＜0.01];中央型闭塞型与中央型非闭塞型、周围型闭塞型与周围型非闭塞型间差异均具有统计学意义[分别为(70.12±13.55)HU vs(36.23±7.87)HU,t=20.506,P＜0.01;(53.12±14.64)HUvs(19.12±5.77)HU,t=13.220,P＜0.01].结论:闭塞型栓子往往引起灌注异常,而非闭塞型栓予,受多种因素影响,DEPI呈现多样化.双源CTPA联合DEPI视觉分析及半定量分析能够对PE治疗前评估提供更加全面、客观的依据.     

双源双能量不同管电压CT肺动脉成像质量的对比研究

目的 定量评价双源双能量CT不同管电压条件下肺动脉及肺动脉栓子显示情况,优选肺栓塞检测的管电压条件.方法 66例临床拟诊肺栓塞的患者中37例经多层螺旋CT肺动脉成像(CTPA)诊断为肺栓塞.对66例患者进行对比增强双源双能量CT肺动脉成像,获得80 kVp(Ⅰ组)、平均加权120 kVp(Ⅱ组)、140kVp(Ⅲ组)3组图像.分别测量3组肺动脉1～4级分支、栓子及背部肌肉的CT值,并计算信噪比(SNR)及对比噪声比(CNR).应用单因素方差分析或多个相关样本Friedman检验,分析3组的CT值、SNR及CNR值是否有统计学差异.利用kappa检验分析2名医师分析不同管电压条件下CTPA图像质量的一致性.结果 Ⅰ组1～4级分支平均CT值为(446±140)、(433±130)、(411±138)、( 392±127) HU.Ⅱ组1～4级分支平均CT值为(303±91)、(290±85)、(276±86)、(263±85) HU.Ⅲ组1～4级分支平均CT值为(244±70)、(230±63)、(216±72)、(205±68) HU.3组肺动脉1～4级分支的CT值差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01),组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01),Ⅰ组图像的平均CT值均高于Ⅱ组及Ⅲ组.37例CT检查诊断为肺栓塞患者定量分析结果显示,3组栓子CNR值分别为8.3±3.3、8.0±2.9、5.6±2.2.3组间CNR比较有统计学差异(P＜0.01);Ⅰ与Ⅱ组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Ⅰ与Ⅲ、Ⅱ与Ⅲ组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).3组CTPA图像质量差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05),2名医师的评价结果经kappa检验,Ⅰ组图像质量一致性(kappa值=0.789,P＜0.01)高于Ⅱ组(kappa值=0.652,P＜0.01)和Ⅲ组(kappa值=0.509,P＜0.01).结论 80 kVp图像的平均CT值高于平均加权120 kVp及140kVp图像,其图像质量及CNR值与平均加权120 kVp图像相当,可用于临床可疑肺栓塞患者CT肺动脉成像的检查中.     

CT增强鉴别诊断腹内型韧带样纤维瘤病与胃肠道间质瘤的价值

目的评价CT增强对腹内型韧带样纤维瘤病(IAF)与胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的鉴别诊断价值。方法收集病理证实的IAF患者23例(IAF组)和GIST患者37例(GIST组)的资料,均行CT平扫和CT增强检查,定性分析比较两组形态学表现,定量分析病灶长径、短径、平扫及增强各期CT值。图像由两名工作经验5年以上的影像科医师独立分析与测量。对于测量有统计学意义的定量参数,进行受试者操作特性(ROC)曲线分析,确定诊断阈值。结果与GIST组相比,IAF组CT表现多为卵圆形或不规则形软组织肿块,多位于腹腔胃肠壁外,内部坏死少见,均匀强化(P=0.001,P=0.005,P=0.003,P=0.001);而病灶边界、瘤内血管在两组间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.867,P=0.11)。IAF组与GIST组最大界面长径、短径和平扫CT值差异无统计学意义(6.0±1.9)cm vs(5.8±1.8)cm,(5.5±1.5)cm vs(5.7±1.6)cm,(31±2)HU vs(30±3)HU,P=0.717,P=0.616,P=0.186);两组动脉期、静脉期CT值、动脉期绝对强化值及静脉期绝对强化值均小于GIST组(36±7)HU vs(35±10)HU,(45±8)HU vs(62±10)HU,(6±6)HU vs(23±10)HU,(15±8)HU vs(31±11)HU,P=0.001,P=0.001,P=0.001,P=0.001)。以动脉期CT值小于47HU,静脉期CT值小于56HU为鉴别诊断的阈值,诊断IAF的敏感度分别是87.0%、91.3%,特异度分别是89.2%、78.4%。结论与GIST相比较,IAF多位于腹腔胃肠壁外、形态表现为卵圆形或不规则形、病灶内部少坏死,均匀强化,动脉强期CT值多低于47HU,门静脉期多低于45HU,这6个特征对鉴别IAF与GIST有重要价值。     

对比剂相关X线束硬化对CT值测量的影响

目的 探讨CT血管成像(CTA)对比剂所致X线束硬化对CT值测量的影响.方法 用26支注射针筒编号(1～26),1、4、7、23、20号针筒先分别抽取碘浓度为300 mg I/mL的对比剂1 mL、0.8 mL、0.6 mL、0.4 mL、0.2 mL,再抽取0.9％生理盐水配成20 mL含不同碘浓度的溶液,余针筒各抽取20 mL 0.9％生理盐水,作为实验组模拟颈动脉CTA检查.再用26支注射针筒编号并各自抽取20 mL 0.9％生理盐水,作为对照组模拟平扫.先后行CT扫描,检测、统计分析2组生理盐水CT值的差异.结果 实验组vs对照组生理盐水CT值的均数、最大值、最小值分别为(-0.139±10.322)HUvs (5.585±2.939) HU、14.6 HU vs 9.7 HU、-23.8HUvs-2.4HU,差异有统计学意义(t=2.695,P＜0.05).高浓度碘溶液周围针筒内生理盐水的CT测量值波动较大.结论 高浓度对比剂相关的X线束硬化,可使CT值的测量产生明显波动.     

双源CT虚拟平扫在头部检查的初步应用

目的 探讨双源CT双能量头部虚拟平扫(VNC)的图像质量和临床应用价值.方法 对62例临床怀疑脑血管病变的患者,使用双源CT进行头部常规平扫(CNC)和双能量CTA检查,利用双能量软件得到VNC图像.比较CNC和VNC图像灰质、白质、脑脊液、高密度出血性和低密度缺血性病变的CT值,使用4分法对图像质量进行主观评价,比较两组图像的噪声、辐射剂量和病变检出率,使用配对t检验、Wilcoxon符号秩检验和χ2检验(McNemar检验和Kappa检验)进行统计分析.结果 CNC与VNC图像灰质、白质、脑脊液、高密度病变及低密度病变的CT值分别为[(43.3±1.5)和(33.2±1.3)HU,t=46.98]、[(32.9±1.3)和(28.8±1.6)HU,t=16.28]、[(9.0±1.4)和(5.3±1.9)HU,t=12.41]、[(62.8±10.0)和(51.3±11.5)HU,Z=-4.37]、[(20.7±4.7)和(18.0±6.9)HU,t=3.84],差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).VNC图像噪声[(1.63±0.34)HU]大于CNC图像[(0.99±0.18)HU](Z=-6.41,P＜0.01).VNC图像有效剂量[(0.53±0.08)mSv]低于CNC[(1.37±0.23)mSv](Z=-6.45,P＜0.01).CNC和VNC图像噪声、颅底伪影、灰白质对比、高密度和低密度病变显示的主观评分分别为(3.9±0.3)和(2.7±0.5)分、(3.7±0.5)和(2.4±0.9)分、(3.3±0.6)和(1.3±0.5)分、(4.0±0.0)和(3.0±0.4)分、(3.9±0.3)和(3.2±0.8)分,VNC图像噪声与颅底伪影的评分较CNC图像低(Z值分别为-6.84、-6.15,P值均＜0.01),灰白质对比、高密度和低密度病变显示低于CNC图像(Z值分别为-7.01、-4.52和-3.12,P值均＜0.01).在个体水平,VNC图像显示高密度出血性病变29例,无假阳性和假阴性病例,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值均为100.0%(29/29、33/33、29/29、33/33),与CNC一致(P＞0.05,Kappa值=1.000);VNC图像显示低密度缺血性病变22例,假阳性1例,假阴性2例,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为91.3%(21/23)、97.4%(38/39)、95.5%(21/22)和95.0%(38/40),与CNC图像(23例)差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.00,P＞0.05,Kappa值=0.895).在病灶水平,VNC图像显示出血灶53个,假阴性4个,无假阳性,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为93.0%(53/57)、100.0%(38/38)、100.0%(53/53)和90.5%(38/42),VNC图像对出血灶的显示率与CNC差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.25,P＞0.05,Kappa值=0.914);VNC图像显示低密度病灶38个,假阳性2个,假阴性13个,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为73.5%(36/49)、96.4%(53/55)、94.7%(36/38)和80.3%(53/66),VNC图像对低密度病灶的显示率低于CNC(χ2=6.67,P＜0.01,Kappa值=0.707).结论 与CNC相比,头部VNC辐射剂量低,但图像质量下降,对出血性病变具有替代CNC的潜在使用价值,对缺血性病变也有一定的参考价值.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate image quality and clinical value of dual-source dual energy virtual non-contrast (VNC) CT of the head. Methods Sixty-two patients suspected of cerebrovascular diseases underwent conventional non-contrast (CNC) CT and dual energy CTA examination of the head with dual-source CT. Virtual non-contrast images were reconstructed using dual energy software. The CT values of gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, hyperdense hemorrhagic lesion and hypodense ischemic lesion were compared between CNC and VNC images. A four-score scale was used to assess image quality subjectively. Image noise, radiation dosage and detection rate were compared between CNC and VNC images. Paired t test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Chi-square test (McNemar test and Kappa test) were used. Results The CT value on CNC and VNC images, were (43. 3 ± 1.5) and (33. 2 ± 1.3) HU for gray matter (t = 46.98, P ＜ 0. 01), (32. 9 ± 1.3) and (28.8 ± 1.6) HU for white matter(t = 16. 28, P ＜0.01), (9.0 ± 1.4) and (5.3 ± 1.9) HU for cerebrospinal fluid (t=12.41, P＜0.01),(62.8 ±10.0) and (51.3 ± 11.5) HU for hyperdense lesion (Z = -4.37, P ＜ 0.01), (20.7 ±4.7) and (18.0 ±6. 9) HU for hypodense lesion (t = 3. 84, P ＜ 0. 01), respectively. VNC images[(1.63 ±0.34) HU]had more noise than CNC images[(0.99±0.18) HU](Z= -6.41, P＜0.01). VNC [(0. 53 ± 0. 08) mSv]had less effective dose than CNC[(1.37 ± 0. 23) mSy](Z= - 6. 45, P ＜ 0. 01).In subjective assessment, VNC images had more noise (2. 7 ± 0. 5 for VNC and 3.9 ± 0. 3 for CNC,Z = -6. 84, P ＜ 0. 01) and skull base-related artifacts (2. 4 ± 0. 9 for VNC and 3.7 ± 0. 5 for CNC,Z = -6. 15, P ＜0. 01) than CNC images. The gray/white matter contrast (1.3 ± 0. 5 for VNC and 3.3 ±0. 6 for CNC, Z = - 7. 01, P ＜ 0. 01), hyperdense lesion display (3.0 ± 0. 4 for VNC and 4. 0 ± 0. 0 for CNC,Z = -4. 52, P ＜ 0. 01) and hypodense lesion display (3.2 ± 0. 8 for VNC and 3.9 ± 0. 3 for CNC,Z= -3. 12, P ＜0. 01) on VNC images were lower than those on CNC images. In per-patient analysis,29 cases of hyperdense lesion (hemorrhage) were found on VNC images without misdiagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were all 100. 0% (29/29,33/33, 29/29, 33/33). VNC images had the same detection rate of hyperdense lesions as CNC images (P ＞0. 05, Kappa = 1. 000) at per-patient level. Twenty-two patients with hypodense ischemic lesions were found on VNC images with one false positive case and two false negative cases. The sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 91.3% (21/23), 97.4%(38/39), 95.5% (21/22) and 95.0% (38/40) respectively. No statistical difference was found in detecting hypodense lesions between VNC and CNC images (χ2 = 0. 00, P ＞ 0. 05, Kappa = 0. 895). In per-lesion analysis, 53 hemorrhage lesions were found on VNC images with false negative results of four lesions and no false positive result. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 93.0% (53/57), 100. 0% (38/38), 100. 0% (53/53) and 90. 5% (38/42)respectively. There was no significant difference in detection rate of hyperdense lesion between VNC and CNC images (χ2 =2. 25, P ＞0. 05, Kappa =0. 914). Thirty-eight hypodense lesions were found on VNC images with 2 false positive lesions and 13 false negative lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 73.5% (36/49), 96.4% (53/55), 94. 7% (36/38)and 80. 3% (53/66) respectively. The detection rate of hypodense lesion on VNC images was lower than that on CNC images (χ2 = 6. 67 ,P ＜ 0.01, Kappa = 0. 707). Conclusion Compared with CNC images,head VNC images have reduced image quality and radiation dosage. VNC images can replace CNC images potentially in detecting intracranial hemorrhage and provide information for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases to some extent.     

新双源CT虚拟平扫技术在肝脏检查中的应用

目的 研究新双源CT的虚拟平扫技术在肝脏扫描中的应用价值.方法 51例肝脏CT平扫和增强扫描患者在完成常规平扫、肝动脉期及门静脉期3期扫描后,采用肝脏虚拟平扫后处理软件生成虚拟平扫图像.采用Wilcoxon分析比较常规平扫和虚拟平扫图像的病灶显示,并利用t检验对比分析肝脏、肌肉的CT值、图像SNR,以及患者单期扫描时接受的辐射剂量和总辐射剂量容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)值和剂量长度乘积(DLP)值.结果 虚拟平扫和常规平扫在病灶显示上无明显差异.虚拟平扫肝脏CT值(61.32±6.04)HU,大于常规平扫的(56.85±4.80)HU,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.927,P＜0.01);虚拟平扫图像SNR 11.28±2.78,大于常规平扫的8.65±1.56,差异有统计学意义(t=-5.590,P＜0.01).虚拟平扫CTDIvol总量(14.35±1.66)mGy和DLP总量(313.91±45.08)mGy·cm均低于常规平扫的(21.43±2.46)mGy和(469.02±66.22)mGy·cm,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为16.168和13.132,P值均＜0.01).结论 新双源CT的虚拟平扫技术在保证图像质量的前提下降低了辐射剂量,使其取代常规平扫成为可能.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the virtual non-contrast liver CT from dual-energy CT for the clinical application. Methods In total, 51 patients were included in the study, and all patients underwent multi-phase liver CT on a dual-source CT. The True non-contrast liver CT (TNCT) was performed in a single-energy acquisition mode, but the arterial and portovenous liver CT (VNCT) were performed in a dual-energy mode of 110 kV and 140 kV respectively. The virtual non-contrast CT images were derived from the arterial data using liver virtual non-contrast software. Between the true non-contrast CT and the virtual non-contrast CT, the image quality, mean CT HU values in the liver and muscle, signal to noise (SNR), the radiation dose of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) in a single phase and total examination were compared with t test. Results There was no significant difference in the detection of liver lesions between TNCT and VNCT. The CT Hu values of muscle on both TNCT and VNCT images were almost equal. The CT HU values of liver on VNCT images were higher than that on TNCT images and the difference was significant [61.32 ±6. 04 vs. (56. 85 ±4. 80) HU, t = -3. 927,P＜0.01]. There was also significant differenc of SNR between TNCT (11.28±2. 78) and VNCT (8.65 ± 1.56) images( t =-5.590,P＜0.01). The CTDIvol and DLP of single phase were (7.07 ±0.85) mGy and (155.11 ±respectively, but in TNCT the total CTDIvol and DLP reached (21.43 ± 2. 46 ) mGy and (469. 02 ±significance, but the total CTDIvol and DLP were significantly different (t = 16. 168 and 13. 132, P ＜0. 01). Conclusion With the consequent reduction in radiation dose, the VNCT can replace TNCT as an imaging protocol in multi-phase abdominal CT examination in clinic.     

256层螺旋CT低剂量心脑血管联合成像初步研究

目的 初步探讨256层螺旋CT前瞻性心电门控心脑血管联合成像的图像质量与辐射剂量.方法 回顾性分析57例患者CTA资料.组1:心脑血管联合CTA(n=17),应用大范围前瞻性心电门控行冠状动脉、颈动脉及脑血管一站式扫描;组2:冠状动脉CTA(n=20):前瞻性心电门控行常规冠状动脉成像;组3:常规颈脑血管CTA(n =20).分别测量各组升主动脉根部、双侧颈总动脉起始部、椎动脉起始部、颈内动脉(蝶鞍层面)图像CT值与图像噪声;采用4分法评估冠状动脉图像质量,3分法评估颈脑血管图像质量;分别计算各组的辐射剂量.采用t检验比较组间的图像CT值与噪声;采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较组1与组2冠状动脉图像质量及组1与组3颈脑血管图像质量.结果 组1与组2升主动脉根部CT值[分别为(427±50)、(426±86) HU]、噪声[分别为(30±9)、(31±9)HU]差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为0.058、-0.325,P值均＞0.05);冠状动脉图像质量评分组1与组2均满足诊断需要冠状动脉节段,优良分别达到98.1％( 202/206)、99.6％(244/245);两组间图像质量比较差异无统计学意义(Z=- 0.572,P＞0.05).组1与组3颈总动脉起始部CT值[分别为(474±70)、(348±81)HU]、椎动脉起始部CT值[分别为(447±83)、(328±66) HU]差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.043、4.869,P值均＜0.05);颈内动脉(蝶鞍层面)CT值[分别为(370±92)、(367±97)HU]两组比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.111,P＞0.05).组1颈脑血管图像质量评分1分1例,2分14例,3分2例;组3颈脑血管图像质量评分2分7例,3分13例;两组图像质量评分比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.306,P＜0.05).组1、组2、组3有效辐射剂量分别为(7.0±0.8)、(3.1±0.4)、(5.0±0.3) mSv.结论 256层螺旋CT大范围前瞻性心电门控心脑血管联合成像可获得满足临床诊断需要的冠状动脉、颈动脉及脑血管图像质量,具有简便、快捷、无创、对比剂使用少、辐射剂量低、客观和重复性强的优势,是一种全新的评估冠状动脉与颈脑血管的良好方法.     

CT能谱成像对肾结石成分分析的初步研究

目的 探讨能谱CT在体外区分肾结石成分的价值.方法 168枚经外科手术取出的肾结石,分别置于猪肾中.行能谱扫描( GSI)及常规120 kVp扫描.测量计算GSI图像上结石的有效原子序数(Zeff)、钙水比值(CWR)、能谱衰减曲线斜率、50 keV单能量CT值及120 kVp混合能量CT值,并采用方差分析或秩和检验比较各组结石上述指标的差异.分别采用红外光谱分析仪测定其成分,成分单一的结石108枚,其中尿酸类结石组13枚、鸟粪石结石组24枚、胱氨酸结石组14枚、磷酸钙结石组18枚、草酸钙结石组39枚.结果 5组结石的Zeff、CWR、50 keV单能量CT值、120 kVp混合能量CT值及能谱衰减曲线斜率分别为:尿酸类结石组为7.4±0.4、0.0085±0.0021、(503±168) HU、(495±106) HU、-0.77、鸟粪石结石组为11.8±0.9、0.1743±0.0677、(1056±290) HU、(799±165) HU、18.72,胱氨酸结石组为11.2±0.6、0.1253±0.0297、(740±172)HU、(565±129) HU、12.79,磷酸钙结石组为16.0±0.4、0.6781±0.0952、(2567±178) HU、(1602±200) HU、37.14,草酸钙结石组为15.4 ±0.4、0.5683±0.0759、( 2267±385) HU、( 1489±284) HU、36.36,组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).组内两两比较,有效原子序数、钙水比值及50 keV单能量CT值差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 能谱CT成像为区分肾结石成分提供了新的方法,有效原子序数、钙水比值及50 keV单能量CT值,3个指标均可以明显区分尿酸类、鸟粪石类、胱氨酸、磷酸钙类及草酸钙类结石.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对左心室心肌密度差异的分析

目的 分析64层螺旋CT(MSCT)冠状动脉CT血管成像(CTA)检查中,左心室心肌密度的特征性差异.方法 行64层MSCT冠状动脉CTA检查的连续病例1130例中冠状动脉正常或狭窄程度＜25%的患者共119例.回顾性分析其CT增强扫描重建层厚3mm的横断面图像,选取主动脉瓣下缘平面左心室心肌为测量评价目标,在室间隔后部、前部、心尖、左心室游离壁前部及游离壁后部划5个兴趣区,分别测量其平均CT值,用配对t检验统计方法比较其差异.结果 主动脉瓣下横断面图像中正常人左心室心肌密度值:室间隔后部、前部分别为(93.8±14.8)和(91.9±15.1)HU,心尖部为(69.9±15.5)HU,左心室侧壁前部、后部平均CT值分别为(79.7±16.9)和(88.0±14.3)HU,平均密度呈现为"U"字型.上述5个测量部位中,室间隔前部、后部测量值之间差异无统计学意义(t=0.968,P=0.3339),室间隔前部与心尖部、心尖部与左心室游离壁前部心肌密度差异具有统计学意义(t值分别为11.060和4.639,P值均＜0.01).结论 冠状动脉CTA检查中左心室心肌密度有差异,以心尖部最低,因此,依靠心肌低密度判断心肌梗死时要引起注意.     

CT能谱成像在鉴别胰腺寡囊型浆液性囊腺瘤与黏液性囊性肿瘤中的价值

目的 探讨CT能谱成像定量分析在鉴别胰腺寡囊型浆液性囊腺瘤(SOA)与胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤(MCNs)中的价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年2月至12月期间行能谱CT检查并经手术切除的胰腺囊性肿瘤27例,其中SOA为15例,MCNs为12例.采用x2检验比较两组间的非定量指标(性别、症状及病灶位置);采用t检验和Mann-Whitney检验比较定量指标(年龄、病灶大小、不同keV水平的CT值,有效原子序数,碘-水浓度,钙-水浓度),差异有统计学意义的指标通过判别分析法评估多参数联合诊断的价值.结果 与MCNs相比,SOA患者年龄较小、较少有症状、病灶较小.SOA的动脉期40～60keV及门静脉期40～50 keV CT值[分别为(36±13)、(26±8)和(19±6)HU,(43±14)和(30±10)HU],低于MCNs组上述期相和keV的CT值[分别为(62±23)、(40±15)和(27±10)HU,(61±25)和(40±16)HU](P＜0.05);SOA有效原子序数(动脉期和门静脉期分别为7.80±0.16和7.87±0.15)低于MCNs(动脉期和门静脉期分别为8.05±0.21和8.02±0.22)(P＜0.05);SOA动脉期的钙(水)浓度和碘(水)分别为(5±3)和(0.38±0.24)g/L,门静脉期分别为(7±3)和(0.48±0.24)g/L,均低于MCNs,动脉期分别为(11±4)和(0.78±0.32)g/L,门静脉期分别为(10±5)和(0.72±0.34)g/L(P＜0.05).判别分析结果显示,多参数联合[年龄、症状、病灶大小、40～50 keV的CT值、有效原子序数、动脉晚期碘(水)浓度及门静脉期钙(水)浓度]鉴别两者的准确率可达100%(27/27).结论 SOA与MCNs的囊性部分在CT能谱成像上具有不同特征.CT能谱成像多参数联合诊断可以准确区分SOA与MCNs.