Outcome of open reduction and internal fixation of intraarticular calcaneal fracture fixed with locking cal- caneal plate

Objective：Debate continues regarding the management of calcaneal fractures,between open reduction and internal fixation and closed treatment.Hence we aim at evaluating the radiological and functional outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation in displaced joint depression type of calcaneal fractures fixed with locking calcaneal plate.Methods：In this series,28 patients （26 unilateral and 2 bilateral） with joint depression type of calcaneal fractures as per Essex-Lopresti classification system were operated on with locking calcaneal plate within 3 weeks of injury.Patients were evaluated in terms of associated injuries and X-rays of anteroposterior,lateral and axial views of the calcaneum.CT scan was done to assess the amount ofcomminution and articular depression.Patients were followed up clinically and radiologically at least for 1 year.Radiological assessment was done by Bohler＇s angle and Gissane＇s angle along with measurement ofcalcaneal height and width.Functional outcome was assessed using the American Orthopaedics Foot and Ankle Society （AOFAS） scale.Results：At average follow-up of 14.5 months,average AOFAS score was 86.3 （range 66 to 97）,with 86% having excellent to good results and 2 （7.7%） and 1 （3.7%） having fair and poor results respectively.All patients had stable ankle joint with all having dorsiflexion and plantar flexion more than 30°.Average subtalar range of motion was 17°.The mean Bohler＇s angle,mean Gissane＇s angle,calcaneal height and width were 25.47°,121.3°,4.32 cm and 3.81cm respectively at final follow-up.Three patients had flap necrosis at incision site and one had superficial and deep infection.Subtalar arthritis was seen in 5 patients,whereas sural nerve hypoaesthesia in 1 patient.None of the patients had compartment syndrome,heel pad problems,peroneal tendinitis,reflex sympathetic dystropy or implant failure.Conclusion：Open reduction and internal fixation with locking calcaneal plate gives sound functional outcome,i.e.restoring anatomically reconstruction of height,width,Bohler＇s and Gissiane＇s angles of the calcaneum,and allowing early mobilization.     

Treatment of displaced radial head fractures by internal fixation with absorbable pins

Objective: To study the effect of internal fixation with absorbable pins on treatment of displaced radial head fractures. Methods: From May 1999 to May 2004, 16 patients with displaced radial head fractures (Mason typesⅡandⅢ) were treated with internal fixation by absorbable pins. The duration of follow-up averaged 22.6 months (12-58 months). The outcome was assessed on the basis of elbow motion, radiographic findings and the functional rating score delineated by Broberg and Morrey. Results:All fractures healed within 10 months without avascular necrosis of radial head. The mean elbow flexion loss was 15°(0°-35°), and pronation and supination decreased by 10°(0°-30°) on average compared with those of the contralateral elbow. Five patients had an excellent result, 6 a good result, and 3 a fair result according to the criteria of Borberg and Morrey. Conclusions: Internal fixation with absorbable pins is an effective method in treating displaced radial head fractures. It can maintain the biomechanical stability of forearm, improve the elbow function and avoid second operation.     

前外侧和外侧联合入路的股骨颈肿瘤刮除植骨及内固定术

目的 探讨前外侧和外侧联合入路肿瘤刮除植骨重建治疗股骨颈骨肿瘤的疗效.方法 2005年7月至2009年8月采用前外侧和外侧联合入路手术治疗股骨颈肿瘤12例,男7例,女5例;年龄1768岁,平均34岁.软骨母细胞瘤4例,原发性骨巨细胞瘤2例,纤维结构不良3例,骨囊肿3例.7例有病理性骨折,5例骨皮质变薄.按国际保肢协会股骨颈肿瘤分区H1区1例、H2区4例、H1,2区7例.前外侧Smith-Peterson入路行肿瘤刮除植骨,外侧Watson-Jones入路行内固定.内固定采用解剖钢板10例,经皮空心螺钉2例.结果 全部患者随访12～68个月,平均35个月.患者疼痛均消失,随访期间无复发,无病理性骨折、股骨头坏死、关节退变.1例出现股骨外侧皮肤麻木,术后6个月自行缓解;1例出现外展无力.11例恢复正常活动范围,前屈120°～135°,后伸9°～15°,外展30°～45°.国际骨与软组织肿瘤协会功能评分27～30分,平均29.2分.结论 前外侧"SP"入路可以充分暴露肿瘤部位,手术视野清晰,刮除彻底,复发率低;外侧"WJ"入路易于植入内固定,防止术后病理性骨折的发生.股骨颈骨折采用前外侧"SP"与外侧"WJ"联合入路肿瘤刮除植骨重建的近期疗效较好.

Abstract：

Objective To explore surgical procedure of combined anterior-lateral and lateral approach for the treatment of bone tumors of femoral neck. Methods Forty patients with bone tumors of femoral neck treated in Tianjin Hospital were included from July 2005 to August 2009. Of the patients, 12 who were treated with curettage and bone graft through combined anterior-lateral and lateral incision were analyzed in this study. There were 7 males and 5 females with an average age of 34 years ranging from 17 to 68 years. 4 patients were diagnosed as chondroblastoma, 2 giant cell tumor, 3 fibrous dysplasia, and 3 single bone cysts. 7 patients suffered from pathologic fractures, and 5 had presented thin cortical bone because of tumor involvement. There were 1 tumor located in H1 zone, 4 in H2 zone and 7 in H1,2 zone according to ISOLS femoral neck classification. All patients were treated by curettage and bone graft via anterior-lateral approach, 10 cases underwent internal fixation with anatomical plate, and 2 cases with canulated screws with lateral approach. Results The follow-up time ranged from 10 to 68 months with an average of 35 months.Pain disappeared in all patients, and there were not recurrence of tumor, pathologic fractures and avascular necrosis. One case had complained of lateral femoral skin numbness which may be caused by injures of femoral lateral nerves. One case had difficulties in the valgus of hip joint. The mean MSTS score was 29.2 points ranging from 27 to 30 points. Conclusion Anterior approaches of "SP" incision is helpful to thorough curettage which decrease the risk of recurrence due to good visualization and intemal fixation is easy to perform via lateral approaches. The result suggested that combined anterior-lateral "SP" and lateral incision is liable option in treatment of bone tumors of femoral neck.     

Surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures using PHILOS plate

Objective：To evaluate functional outcome and complications of open reduction and internal fixation with proximal humeral internal locking system （PHILOS） plate for proximal humerus fractures.Methods：We reviewed 51 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation with PHILOS plate between the years 2007 to 2012.There were 35 men and 16 women with a mean age of 38 years （range 24-68）.There were 41 patients in the age group of ＜60 years and 10 patients in the age group of ＞60 years.According to Neer classification system,8,15 and 23 patients had 2-part,3-part,and 4-part fractures,respectively and 5 patients had 4-part fracture dislocation.All surgeries were carried out at our tertiary care trauma centre.Functional evaluation of the shoulder at final follow-up was done using Constant-Murley score.Results：The mean follow-up period was 30 months （range 12-44 months）.Two patients were lost to followup.Of the remaining 49 patients,all fractures were united clinically and radiologically.The mean time for radiological union was 12 weeks （range 8-20 weeks）.At the final follow-up the mean Constant-Murley score was 79 （range 50-100）.The results were excellent in 25 patients,good in 13 patients,fair in 6 patients and poor in 5 patients.During the follow-up,four cases of varus malunion,one case of subacromial impingement,one case of deep infection,one case of intraarticular screw penetration and one case of failure of fixation were noted.No cases of avascular necrosis,hardware failure,locking screw loosening or nonunion were noted.Conclusion：PHILOS provides stable fixation in proximal humerus fractures.To prevent potential complications like avascular necrosis,meticulous surgical dissection to preserve vascularity of humeral head is necessary.     

Open reduction and internal fixation for displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children with crossed K-wires via lateral approach

Objective： To assess the therapeutic results of open reduction and internal fixation with crossed K-wires via lateral approach for displaced supracondvlar fractures of the humerus in children. Methods： We prospectively followed 52 children who presented with Gartland type 3 displaced supraeondylar fractures of the humerus and were managed by open reduction and internal fixation with crossed K-wires via lateral approach.There were 37 male and 15 female patients; average age was 7.39 years. The most common mechanism of trauma was fall while playing （n=23）, followed by fall from height （n=20）, road traffic accidents （n-5） and fall from standing height （n=2）. In 2 cases, mode of injury was not available. The mean follow-up was 12 months and patients were assessed according to Flynn＇s criteria. Results： Lateral approach provided an excellent view of the lateral column between two nervous planes and enabled an anatomical reduction in all cases. Immobilizing the elbow at 90 degrees or more of flexion was not needed after cross K-wire fixation. Majority of patients regained full range of motion within 6 weeks of pin removal. Two patients had postoperative ulnar nerve injuries that resolved after pin removal. The common late complication of cubitus varus was not seen in any patient. Delayed presentation to the emergency department, repeated manipulations by bone setters and massage with edible oil were responsible for stiffness in 5 patients. Superficial pin tract infection was noted in 5 patients that resolved with dressings and antibiotics. No deep infection occurred. A detailed clinical examination and radiographic analysis was done at final follow-up. They included measurement of carrying angle and range of movements of both operated and normal sides, and radiographs of both upper limbs for comparison. According to Flynn＇s criteria, 90.4% patients showed satisfactory results. Conclusion： Lateral approach for open reduction and internal fixation of the widely-displaced supracondylar fract     

Internal fixation with headless compression screws and back buttress plate for treatment of old Hoffa fracture

Objective： To analyze the early clinical and radiographic outcomes of Hoffa fractures treated by a standard protocol of open reduction and internal fixation using headless compression screws combined with back buttress plate in a consecutive series of 8 Chinese patients. Methods： Open reduction and internal fixation was performed on all patients. The fractures were anatomical- ly reduced and held temporarily by K-wire. If the ends of fractures were atrophic, autologous bone graft from the ipsilateral iliac crest was packed between the ends. Then the fracture fragments were fixed with AO 6.5 mm headless compression cannulated screws. At least two screws were used to provide rotational stability. One pre-contoured reconstruction plate was placed on the nonarticular surface posteromedially or posterolaterally as back buttress plate. Results： All the patients were followed up for at least 12 months （range 12-25 months）. All fractures achieved anatomical reduction and healed clinically and radiographically. At recent follow-up, the mean flexion degree was 120.6° （range 110°-135°） and the mean extension degree was 2.5° （range 0°-5°）. The average visual analogue scale score was 1.6 points （range 0-3）. Six patients were assessed as excellent and 2 as good according to the hospital for special surgery knee score system. There were no superficial or deep infections, or hardware breakages. No patient had giving way or locking of the knee, though some had intermittent pain and swelling after strenuous exercise. Injury mechanism had significant influence on the functional outcome （P=0.046）. Conclusion： Headless compression screws combined with back buttress plate and/or autologous bone grafting to treat old Hoffa fracture is one of effective measures. It would be conducive to not only fracture healing but also early exercise and functional recovery.     

距骨体骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨距骨体骨折的手术治疗效果及注意事项.方法 2002年4月至2008年7月,手术治疗距骨体骨折患者44例,男41例,女3例;年龄15～61岁,平均31.7岁;左侧26例,右侧18例.根据Sneppen分型,Ⅱ型24例,V型20例.开放性骨折11例,根据Gustilo和Anderson分型,Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型7例,ⅢA型1例.致伤原因:高处坠落伤18例,交通事故伤13例,重物砸伤8例,扭伤4例,刀砍伤1例.开放性骨折平均在伤后5.3 h手术,闭合性骨折平均在伤后8.9 d手术.闭合性骨折采用前内侧切口15例,前外侧切口3例,内外侧联合切口15例.44例患者中,3例单纯应用克氏针固定;5例采用螺钉辅以克氏针短期固定;2例采用可吸收螺钉固定;34例采用空心拉力螺钉固定,其中4例辅以全螺纹松质骨螺钉固定.结果 35例患者获得随访,随访时间21～89个月,平均44.5个月.4例出现切口皮缘坏死,1例出现伤口感染,均经治疗后愈合.骨折均愈合,愈合时间为17～41周,平均22周.美国足与踝关节协会(AOFAS)功能评分为43～100分,平均77.3分;优11例,良13例,可10例,差1例,优良率为68.6%.5例患者发生距骨缺血性坏死;19例患者发生创伤性关节炎,其中4例行关节融合术.结论 治疗距骨体骨折时应根据骨折和软组织损伤的具体情况选择手术时机和入路,保护血供、解剖复位及早期功能锻炼是取得良好疗效的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the results and related key points in operative treatment of talar body fractures. Methods From April 2002 to July 2008, 44 patients with talar body fractures underwent the operation. There were 3 females and 41 males. The mean age of the patients was 31.7 years. The fractures occurred on the left side in 26 patients and on the right side in 18 patients. According to Sneppen classification, 24 type Ⅱ, 20 type V. Eleave cases were open fractures, according to the Gustilo-Anderson classification, there were 3 cases in type Ⅰ , 7 in type Ⅱ, 1 type in Ⅲ A. The mean interval between injury and surgical treatment for open fractures and close fractures was 5.3 hours and 8.9 days. The mechanism of injury was a fall from the height in 18 patients, a traffic accident in 13 patients, a crush injury in 8 patients, a sprain injury in 4 patients and a cut injury in 1 patient. Anteromedial approach was used for 15 close fractures, anterolateral approach for 3 and combined anteromedial-anterolateral approach for 15. K-wires fixation were utilized for 3 fractures, screws and temporary K-wires fixation for 5 cases, bioabsorbable screws for 2fractures, cannulated screws for 30 fractures and cannulated screws and threaded cancellous screws for 4cases. Results Thirty-five patients were followed up 21 to 89 months (average, 44.5 months). Necrosis of incision was found in 4 cases, wound infection occurred in 1 case. All fractures had achieved bone union;the average healing time was 22 weeks. Functional results were assessed according to AOFAS score, the average score was 77.3, There were 11 patients in excellent results, 13 in good, 10 in fair and 1 in poor. The overall excellent and good rate was 68.6%. Avascular necrosis occurred in 5 cases. Traumatic arthritis occurred in 19 cases. Arthrodesis was needed in 5 cases. Conclusion The timing and approach of surgery is determined by the condition of the talar fractures and soft tissue. Anatomical reduction, preservation of the blood supply and early active pain-free mobilization are key points in the treatment of the talar body fractures.     

3D printing-assisted percutaneous balloon dilatation plasty for treatment of osteoporotic calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ or Ⅲ in the elderly patients北大核心CSCD

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between 3D printing-assisted percutaneous balloon dilatation calcaneal plasty (3D-PCP) and conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) via the extended lateral L-shaped approach in the treatment of osteoporotic calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ or Ⅲ in the elderly patients. Methods Retrospectively analyzed were the data of 36 elderly patients with osteoporotic calcaneal fracture of Sanders type Ⅱ or Ⅲ who had been surgically treated at Department of Orthopaedics, Yixing People's Hospital from June 2012 to June 2018. According to their treatment methods, the patients were divided into a 3D-PCP group [16 cases, 9 males and 7 females with an age of (73.0 ± 3.4) years] and an ORIF group [20 cases, 8 females and 12 females with an age of (71.4 ± 2.6) years]. The 2 groups were compared in terms of hospital stay, operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, suture removal time, weight bearing time, fracture healing time, visual analogue scale (VAS) for the surgical site 2 days and one year after surgery, American Foot and Ankle Surgery Association (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, calcaneal imaging parameters (Böhler angle, Gissane angle, and length, width and height of the calcaneus axis) at 2 days and one year after surgery, and postoperative complications. Results There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability (P > 0.05). All patients were followed up for 14 to 18 months (mean, 15.6 months). Compared with the ORIF group, the 3D-PCP group had significantly shorter hospital stay, significantly shorter operation time, significantly earlier suture removal, significantly earlier weight-bearing, significantly lower VAS scores at 2 days after surgery, significantly higher AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores at one month after surgery, but significantly more times of intraoperative fluoroscopy (all P < 0.05). In all patients, the VAS scores at 2 days after surgery were significantly lower than those before surgery, and those at one year after surgery significantly lower than those at 2 days after surgery (P < 0.05). In all patients, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores at one month after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery (P < 0.001). In the ORIF group, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores at one year after surgery were significantly higher than those at one month after surgery (P < 0.05), but in the 3D-PCP group there was no such a significant difference between one year and one month after surgery (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS score, AOFAS score, fracture healing time or postoperative imaging parameters between the 2 groups at one year after surgery (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference either in the incidence of complications between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of osteoporotic calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ or Ⅲ in the elderly patients, compared with conventional ORIF, 3D-PCP shows advantages of shorter operation time, minimal invasion, quicker incision healing, shorter hospital stay, earlier weight-bearing exercise, and better functional recovery but a disadvantage of increased times of intraoperative fluoroscopy. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. All rights reserved.     

Effect of dynamic hip system blade on the treatment of femoral neck fractures in elderly patients with osteoporosis

Objective：To discuss the curative effect of the dynamic hip system blade （DHS-blade） on the treatment of femoral neck fractures in elderly patients with osteoporosis.Methods：A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the clinical data of 60 elderly patients with osteoporosis who had been treated for femoral neck fractures with DHS-blade in our department between September 2012 and February 2014.There were 22 males and 38 females with a mean age of （66.8±3.2） years.According to the Singh Index Classification,all the patients＇ Singh index was below level 3.The Harris criterion and function recovery after operation were analysed.Results：All patients were followed up for 12-17 months （mean 14 months）.No femoral head necrosis,femoral neck shortening,internal fixation loosening or backing out of the nails occurred.Bone nonunion was found in one case and he had a good recovery after total hip arthroplasty.The time for fracture healing ranged from 3-6 months （average 3.5 months）.According to Harris criterion,35 cases were rated as excellent,22 good,2 fair and 1 poor.The Harris scale was significantly improved from 28.46±2.35 preoperatively to 91.98±3.26 at 6 months postoperatively （P＜0.05）.Conclusion：DHS-blade,being minimally invasive,allowing earlier postoperative exercise and avoiding the complications elicited by traditional internal fixation,is advisable for treatment of femoral neck fractured patients with osteoporosis.     

Evaluation of results of open distal femur fractures with primary fixation and antibiotic impregnated collagen

Purpose: Distal femoral fracture is one of the most common lower limb injuries and accounts for less than 1% of all fractures. Open fracture takes 5%e10% of the all distal femoral fractures, which is at an increased risk of complications. There were limited studies which documented the outcomes of such cases. The present study aims to evaluate the outcome and complications in these fractures using primary definitive fixation with condylar locking plate and antibiotic impregnated collagen sheet secondary to aggressive debridement. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary care orthopaedic hospital in northern India. Thirty patients of open distal femoral fractures were managed by primary definitive fixation with condylar locking plate and antibiotic impregnated collagen sheet secondary to aggressive debridement. They were followed for minimum of six months. Patients were followed up monthly for first four months, at six months and one year after surgery. Clinical and radiological signs of healing, any complications, time to union, and functional outcome were assessed. Results: The mean age of patients was 44.33 years (range 20-82 years) with male predominance of 66.7%. According to Gustilo-Anderson classification, there were 5, 15 and 10 patients with open grade I, II and IIIA distal femoral fractures respectively. According to orthopaedic trauma association (OTA) classification, majority of patients in our study were of C3 type. The mean time to bony union was 5.6 months (range 4e9 months). Average postoperative knee range of motion (ROM) at the latest follow-up was 98? (range 70?-120?). Lysholm knee scoring scale showed excellent score in 11 patients, good in 9 patients, fair and poor in 5 patients each; however, there was no significant correlation with fracture pattern types (p < 0.05). Knee stiffness was the major complications encountered in the study. The knee ROM was <90? in 5 patients and 90?-120? in rest of the patients, while 1 patient had extensor lag of 10?. One patient had implant failure and lost to follow-up; 3 patients had deep infection. Conclusion: An approach of primary definitive fixation with condylar locking plate and antibiotic impregnated collagen sheet secondary to early aggressive debridement in open distal femur fractures shows significant results in terms of functional and radiological outcomes with minimal complications.     

外置解剖型跟骨锁定钢板治疗跟骨骨折的初步报告

目的 探讨解剖型跟骨锁定钢板外置治疗跟骨骨折的优势与不足.方法 2007年10月至2008年6月采用外置解剖型跟骨锁定钢板治疗12例闭合性单侧跟骨骨折患者,均为男性;年龄16～58岁,平均37.2岁;左侧5例,右侧7例.骨折按Sanders分型:ⅡA型8例,ⅡB型1例,ⅡC型1例,ⅢAC型1例,Ⅳ型1例.均为新鲜骨折.采用外踝尖至第4跖骨基底连线的皮肤切口,直视跟骨后关节面及跟骨前结节并对骨折块行解剖复位,以外置解剖型跟骨锁定钢板固定.术后3个月复查X线片及CT 证实骨折愈合后,于门诊行钢板螺钉去除术. 结果 12例患者术后获12～20个月(平均16个月)随访.无切口及钉道感染发生.关节面复位满意,骨折愈合良好.1例ⅡA型骨折患者术后跟骨外侧壁骨突形成致腓骨肌腱卡压,行走时疼痛明显.12例患者术前B(o)hler角平均为11.9°±9.4°,术后平均为29.4°±7.0°,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.822,P＜0.01);术前Gissane角平均为86.8°±7.7°,术后平均为115.8°±7.7°,差异有统计学意义(t=-15.619,P＜0.01).术后疗效按美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分评定:平均为91分(68～100分).结论 解剖型跟骨锁定钢板外置治疗跟骨骨折具有创伤小、感染率低、关节面复位满意且固定可靠及随访效果好等优点,且无需二次住院即可行固定物去除术,患者痛苦小,治疗费用低,为手术治疗关节面移位的跟骨骨折提供了又一种可供选择的方式.     

锁定钢板治疗跟骨关节内粉碎骨折的疗效分析

目的评价跟骨锁定钢板治疗跟骨关节内粉碎骨折的疗效。方法 2007年5月至2009年7月,应用跟骨锁定钢板治疗跟骨关节内粉碎骨折32例,男25例,女7例;年龄24～61岁,平均38.5岁。骨折按照Sanders分型,型5例,型19例,型8例。术后随访包括临床检查、X线片及采用Maryland足部评分标准进行足踝功能评分。结果 32例均获随访,时间10～28个月,平均17.2个月。骨折愈合时间9～19周,平均15.4周。无延迟愈合及不愈合,骨折端无移位,内固定无松动、断裂等现象。根据Maryland足部评分标准,优18例,良9例,一般3例,优良率为84.4%。结论跟骨锁定钢板是治疗跟骨关节内粉碎性骨折的有效方法,有利于患肢功能的早日恢复。     

辅助内侧入路在跟骨关节内骨折中的应用

目的 评价辅助的内侧入路在跟骨关节内移位骨折手术治疗中的应用价值.方法 2005年1月至2009年12月采用内侧入路辅助扩大的外侧入路完成切开复位内固定手术治疗33例跟骨关节内移位骨折患者,男27例,女6例;年龄18 ～62岁,平均36岁.左足15例,右足18例.骨折按Sanders分型:Ⅲ型27例,Ⅳ型6例,其中伴有腰椎骨折4例,pilon骨折1例,髋臼骨折1例.观察骨折愈合情况,测量跟骨Bǒhler角和Gissane角,按照美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分系统评价术后功能恢复情况.结果 所有患者术后获6～24个月(平均12个月)随访.切口均获期一期愈合;骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为6～12周,平均8周.Bǒhler角与Gissane角均得到矫正,AOFAS评分提高,术后各项指标与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 辅助的内侧入路是扩大外侧入路的有益补充,可以在直视下对骨折跟骨内侧壁进行满意的复位并提高内固定置入的准确度.     

改良外侧“L”形切口治疗跟骨关节内移位骨折

 目的 探讨改良外侧“L”形切口治疗跟骨关节内移位骨折的临床疗效。 方法 自2005年 1月至2011年10月收治跟骨关节内移位骨折患者 133例143足,男 125例,女8例;年龄 19~65岁,平均 43.2岁。左侧56例,右侧67例,双侧10例,均为闭合骨折。其中3例合并脊柱损伤。根据Sanders分型：Ⅱ型15足、Ⅲ型107足、Ⅳ型21足。均采用外侧改良“L”型切口,切开复位异型钢板内固定。术后均未给予石膏外固定,早期行踝关节功能练习,术后6周部分负重,12周完全负重。采用美国足与踝关节外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分系统评价术后足踝功能。结果 125例135足获得随访(8例8足术后12周后失访),随访时间12~28个月,平均 18.5 个月。骨折均愈合,愈合时间8~16周,平均13周。无神经损伤,骨髓炎。4足切口裂开,骨折愈合内固定钢板取出后皮肤愈合。17足发生距下关节创伤性关节炎,行走时疼痛。5足负重后关节面出现塌陷。根据AOFAS踝与后足功能评分系统,优94例、良29例、可14例、差6例,优良率为92.9%。 结论应用改良外侧切口切开复位异型钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内移位骨折可以获得满意疗效,但在临床应用中需要掌握熟练手术技术。     

跟骨锁定钢板治疗跟骨关节内粉碎性骨折的疗效分析

目的 评价跟骨锁定钢板治疗跟骨关节内粉碎性骨折的疗效.方法 2006年10月至2007年12月,应用国际内固定研究学会(AO/ASIF)设计的跟骨锁定钢板治疗跟骨关节内粉碎性骨折21例,男12例,女9例;年龄24～78岁,平均42.5岁;左侧8例,右侧13例.骨折按照Sanders分型:Ⅲ型12例(Ⅲ型2例,Ⅲac型6例,Ⅲbc型4例),Ⅳ型9例.术后随访包括临床检查、问卷式调查、摄x线片及应用三维动态足底压力分析系统进行足底压力分析.采用Maryland足部评分标准进行足踝功能评分. 结果 18例获随访,时间10～21个月,平均15.5个月.骨折愈合时间7～14周,平均11.4周.无延迟愈合及不愈合,骨折端无移位,螺钉无松动、拔出及断钉.根据Maryland足部评分标准,患侧在末次随访时平均为81.7分(60～94分),其中优6例,良9例,一般3例.优良率为83.3%.末次随访X线片上的跟骨形态学指标较术前均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).三维动态足底压力测量结果提示无一例发生创伤件平足,患足躅趾、第1～5跖骨头平均峰值压力稍增高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),足跟部平均峰值压力减小,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论应用跟骨锁定钢板治疗跟骨关节内粉碎性骨折,有利于患肢早期负重锻炼,可获得较理想的临床疗效.     

跟骨钛钢板内固定治疗移位跟骨关节内骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨跟骨钛钢板内固定在治疗移位跟骨关节内骨折临床疗效。方法自2006年1月。2009年4月．对28例30足移位跟骨关节内骨折采用跟骨外侧扩大“L”形切口,切开复位跟骨钛钢板内固定。根据骨缺损情况,必要时配合自体髂骨植骨。术后不需要石膏外固定。结果所有患者均获得6月～46月随访（平均为18．5月）。骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间14．5周（12周～18周）。患者手术前Bohler＇s角平均为9．7。,术后半年为34．5°;Gissane’s角平均为103．2°。术后半年平均为132．50。按Maryland足部评分标准：优22足,良4足,可4足,优良率86．7％。结论跟骨解剖型钛钢板固定可靠,是治疗移位跟骨关节内骨折的理想方法。     

跟骨骨折的手术治疗策略及疗效分析

目的 探讨跟骨骨折的受伤机制、临床分型、手术治疗方法及其疗效.方法 2005年6月至2009年5月共收治70例(83足)闭合性新鲜跟骨骨折患者,男45例,女25例;年龄18～62岁,平均38.3岁.骨折根据Essex-Lopresti分类:关节外骨折20足(前突骨折5足,体部骨折9足,结节部骨折3足,内外侧突骨折3足),关节内骨折63足(舌状骨折25足,关节压缩型骨折38足).63足关节内骨折根据Sanders分型:Ⅱ型30足,Ⅲ型21足,Ⅳ型12足.采用常规足外侧"L"形切开复位普通钢板或锁定钢板内固定50足,微创切开复位螺钉固定20足,撬拨复位克氏针(或加螺钉)固定13足.20足骨缺损＞2 cm3,行骨移植治疗.术后采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分评价患者足部功能恢复情况. 结果 70例患者术后获12～30个月(平均18个月)随访.末次随访时70例患者83足AOFAS踝与后足评分平均为(90.3±11.0)分(48～100分).20足关节外骨折患者AOFAS踝与后足评分平均为(98.1±2.6)分(90～100分),无并发症发生.63足关节内骨折患者AOFAS踝与后足评分平均为(87.8±11.4)分(48～100分).并发症包括:切口皮缘坏死2足,经换药后创面闭合;腓肠神经损伤4足;距下关节创伤性关节炎10足. 结论 对于不同类型的跟骨骨折,术前慎重评估软组织损伤和骨折类型、程度,采用适当的治疗方法,可以获得较好疗效.关节外骨折的疗效明显优于关节内骨折.     

切开复位内固定治疗移位的跟骨关节内骨折

目的探讨切开复位可塑跟骨钢板内固定治疗移位的跟骨关节内骨折的疗效。方法对76例（82足）复杂跟骨关节内骨折行切开复位可塑跟骨钢板内固定治疗,其中39足予自体髂骨植骨。结果76例均获随访,时间12-35（22.3±3.7）个月。B hler角术前9.3°±3.2°,术后恢复到26.7°±6.8°;Gissane角术前101.6°±13.3°,术后恢复到120.1°±14.2°。根据Maryland足部评分系统：优39足,良31足,可8足,差4足。结论切开复位可塑跟骨钢板内固定治疗复杂的跟骨关节内骨折,固定牢固,能早期功能锻炼,可减少并发症。     

Operative treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures with calcaneal plates and its complications

Background:

In a retrospective study we analysed intra-articular calcaneal fracture treatment by comparing results and complications related to fracture stabilization with nonlocking calcaneal plates and locking compression plates.

Materials and Methods:

We performed 76 osteosynthesis (67 patients) of intra-articular calcaneal fractures using the standard extended lateral approach from February 2004 to October 2007. Forty-two operations using nonlocking calcaneal plates (group A) were performed during the first three years, and 34 calcaneal fractures were stabilized using locking compression plates (group B) in 2007. In the Sanders type IV fractures, reconstruction of the calcaneal shape was attempted. Depending on the type of late complication, we performed subtalar arthroscopy in six cases, arthroscopically assisted subtalar distraction bone block arthrodesis in six cases, and plate removal with lateral-wall decompression in five cases. The patients were evaluated by the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale.

Results:

Wound healing complications were 7/42 (17%) in group A and 1/34 (3%) in group B. No patient had deep osseous infection or foot rebound compartment syndrome. Preoperative size of Böhler''s angle correlated with postoperative clinical results in both groups. There were no late complications necessitating corrective procedure or arthroscopy until December 2008 in Group B. All late complications ccurred in Group A. The overall results according to the AOFAS Ankle Hindfoot Scale were good or excellent in 23/42 (55%) in group A and in 30/34 (85%) in group B.

Conclusion:

Open reduction and internal fixation of intra-articular calcaneal fractures has become a standard surgical method. Fewer complications and better results related to treatment with locking compression plates confirmed in comparison to nonlocking ones were noted for all Sanders types of intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Age and Sanders type IV fractures are not considered to be the contraindications to surgery.     

锁定钛板结合植骨与非植骨治疗跟骨骨折22例疗效比较

目的：应用锁定钛板结合植骨手术治疗累及距下关节的跟骨骨折是否对维持跟骨高度及关节面平整有益。方法：2007年1月至2008年1月,应用植骨与非植骨结合锁定钛板治疗跟骨骨折22例（分为植骨组和非植骨组）,男17例,女5例;年龄18～59岁,平均35岁。SandersⅢ型14例,Ⅳ型8例。植骨组采用取自体髂骨植骨填充缺损,复位后锁定钛板内固定;而非植骨组则不进行植骨,复位后单纯锁定钛板内固定。对两组患者手术前后的B觟hler角与Gissane角进行测量,并采用Maryland足部功能评分对术后6个月、1、2年的功能情况进行随访和比较。结果：22例患者均获得随访,平均随访时间25个月。两组手术方式对术后B觟hler角与Gissane角的恢复差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,术后6个月、1、2年Maryland足部功能评分结果差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,植骨组获得优的例数分别为6、7、7例;非植骨组获得优的例数分别为5、6、7例。结论：植骨在手术治疗跟骨骨折中并不具有优势。