肺泡状棘球蚴病的CT表现特征

目的 分析肺泡状棘球蚴病的CT表现特征,评价CT诊断该病的价值.方法 回顾性分析26例经病理确诊或临床综合诊断为肺泡状棘球蚴病的CT表现特征及各种表现的病理基础.结果 双肺多发病灶18例,一侧肺多发病灶6例,双肺单发病灶2例.其中病灶为肿块结节混合型17 例,结节型8例,1例为单发肿块.26例中24例病灶边缘可见分叶状或锯齿状突起,13例病灶内可见不规则空洞、空泡,18例病灶内可见钙化,14例病灶邻近的肺组织内见到少量斑片或条索影,20例邻近胸壁的病灶处胸膜增厚明显,病灶以宽基底与胸壁相贴.结论 肺泡状棘球蚴病有较明显的CT表现特征,CT检查能为该病的诊断提供重要价值.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the CT features of lung alveolar echinococcosis and assess the value of CT scanning for the diagnosis of this disease. Methods The CT features of lung alveolar echinococcosis in 26 patients diagnosed pathologically or clinically were reviewed retrospectively and correlated with histopathology.Results Lung alveolar echinococcosis appeared as multiple lesions bilaterally in 18 patients, as multiple lesions unilaterally in 6 patients, and as single lesion bilaterally in 2 patients. Seventeen cases presented as masses and nodules,8 patients presented as nodules,1 patient presented as a mass. Lobulation and spiculation were showed in most lesions, irregular cavity or bubble-like opacity in 13 patients,calcification in 18 patients,a patchy area or fibrotic cord around lesion in 14 patients. Pleural thickening adjacent to the lesion in 20 patients. Conclusion Lung alveolar echinococcosis has characteristic features on CT, and CT can provide important information for the diagnosis of lung alveolar echinococcosis.     

艾滋病合并马红球菌肺炎的胸部影像表现

目的 探讨艾滋病合并马红球菌肺炎的胸部影像表现.方法 回顾性分析3例艾滋病合并马红球菌肺炎的胸部影像表现.结果 3例X线胸片均可见斑片状渗出实变和小结节,见大面积实变及空洞2例.CT显示大面积(叶、段分布)实变及多发空洞、斑片状渗出实变、小叶中心结节和树芽征各2例,支气管扩张1例.结论 肺浸润实变伴空洞及散发结节是艾滋病合并马红球菌肺炎的常见胸部影像表现.

Abstract：

Objective To study the imaging appearances of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS). Methods Thoracic imaging appearances of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in three patients with AIDS were retrospectively analyzed. Results The chest radiograph showed patchy consolidations and small nodules ( n = 3 ), large consolidations with multiple cavitations ( n = 2). CT showed large lobar or segmental consolidations with multiple cavitations (n=2),patchy consolidations (n=2), bronchiectasis (n=1), multiple small centrilobular nodules ( n = 2) and tree-in-bud patterns (n = 2). Conclusion The most common radiological findings in AIDS patients with Rhodococcus equi pulmonary infection are large consolidations with multiple cavitations and multiple centrilobular nodules.     

急性粟粒性肺结核的CT及病理对照研究

目的 探讨急性粟粒性肺结核(AMPT)的CT表现特征及病理基础.方法 回顾性分析25例AMPT的CT表现,并对人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阳性和阴性组各种CT征象的发生率行双侧确切概率法χ2检验.HIV阴性组2例尸检全肺标本行冠状面HRCT扫描,并切割成10 mm厚度肺标本薄片,选取结节丰富区制作冠状面大切片(80～150 μm)和5 μm组织切片,将CT与病理所见进行对照观察;对其中1例HRCT和病理显示微结节在肺小叶的分布行x2检验.结果 25例AMPT患者中HIV 阳性11例,阴性14例.HRCT扫描发现所有AMPT患者两肺均随机分布着弥漫微结节,磨玻璃密度(GGO,17例)是主要的伴发征象.结节融合、肺实变仅出现在HIV阳性患者中(分别为5和6例),阴性患者无一例.分析2例尸检病例,结节以小叶中心与小叶周边之间肺组织分布最多(分别为792和560个),病理证实位于肺泡间隔;其中1例HRCT显示结节在肺小叶内的分布(1060个微结节)与病理所见(864个结节)差异无统计学意义(x2=2.814,P＞0.05).AMPT合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)于HRCT上表现为弥漫GGO,病理基础为肺水肿、炎症及肺泡透明膜.结论 AMPT的CT表现有一定特征,呈血行分布结节;肺内出现弥漫GGO需警惕合并ARDS.

Abstract：

Objective To elucidate the CT characteristics and pathology of acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis (AMPT). Methods The CT features of AMPT in 25 cases were analyzed retrospectively, and the CT features in HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive patients were compared by 2-sided exact propability Chi-square test. Two lung specimens were inflated and fixed by Heitzman's method. HRCT scans, gross specimen section (80-150 μm) and histologic section (5 μm) were performed on dry lung specimens and CT-pathologic correlation was conducted. The distribution of micronodules in the secondary lobule on HRCT and pathology in one specimen was evaluated by Chi-square test. Results Twenty five patients with AMPT were included in this study, including 11 HIV-seropositive patients and 14 HIV-seronegative patients. HRCT showed diffuse micronodules randomly distributed throughout both lungs in 25 patients, and ground-glass opacity (17 patients)was the predominant complicated finding. Coalescence of nodules and consolidation in HIV-seropositive patients (5 and 6 patients) were markedly higher than that in HIV-seronegative patients (none). In lung specimens, most nodules located in the lung parenchyma between the central bronchovascular bundle and the perilobular structures (792 and 560 nodules), which located in the interlobular septum pathologically. The distribution of micronodules in the secondary lobule showed on HRCT (1060 nodules)and pathology(864 nodules) was not significantly difference(x2=2.814,P＞0.05). HRCT showed ground-glass opacities when ARDS occured, which were pulmonary edema,inflammation and hyaline membrane on alveolar wall pathologically. Conclusions The HRCT characteristic of nodule distribution in AMPT is random. ARDS should be suspected when diffuse ground-glass opacities appear on HRCT.     

原发性肺非霍奇金淋巴瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的 探讨原发性肺非霍奇金淋巴瘤(primary pulmonary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,PPNHL)的多层螺旋CT表现,提高该病的诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析经病理细胞学证实的11例PPNHL的多层螺旋CT表现.结果 CT表现为大片实变影5例,均伴有支气管充气征;肿块7例,周边肺组织均见磨玻璃影,5例病灶内可见支气管充气征;斑片影9例,两肺多发常见6例;结节5例,1例见支气管充气征;胸腔积液3例;心包积液2例;间质改变1例.结论 PPNHL CT表现多样,具有一定特征性,CT检查对此病的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

儿童急性白血病并发侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的CT表现

目的 探讨儿童急性白血病并发侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)的CT特征.方法 回顾性分析经临床和痰培养证实的13例IPA患儿的临床、CT资料,13例均行胸部CT扫描,并进行了4～10次随访CT扫描.结果 首次CT表现:单发结节2例,多发结节影10例,结节伴晕征9例,胸膜下楔形实变影5例,其中4例胸膜下楔形实变影与肺部多发结节影并存.随访CT扫描结节病灶和楔形病灶内出现空洞或"空气新月征"11例,7例结节病灶和2例空洞病灶周围出现晕征.结论 IPA的CT表现具有一定的特征性,CT对观察该病的发展、演变及估计预后有重要的价值.     

肝移植术后肺部感染的CT表现

目的 提高对肝移植术后肺部感染CT表现的认识,以提高诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析45例肝移植术后肺部感染病例的CT资料.结果 CT主要表现为实变影32例,以右下肺或双下肺分布多见;磨玻璃影22例,双肺弥漫性分布多见;结节影10例,均为多发、双肺分布,直径均＜3 cm(其中直径＜1 cm者7例),包括两肺弥漫性粟粒样结节3例;网格样影或线样影4例,分布于两肺上叶2例,广泛分布于两肺各叶2例.不同感染类型表现,细菌感染以实变影最常见,其次为磨玻璃影;真菌感染实变影、磨玻璃影、结节影均较常见.结论 CT对于肝移植术后肺部感染的诊断具有重要价值.     

肺黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的CT诊断

目的 研究肺黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤的CT表现,提高对该病的认识及鉴别诊断能力.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的12例MALT淋巴瘤的CT表现,影像观察指标为病灶的数量、分布、形态、密度及伴随征象.结果 12例MALT淋巴瘤中共检出肺实变、肺肿块、肺结节、磨玻璃样病灶32个,病灶单发2例,多发10例;多发病例中单肺多发2例,双肺多发8例.肺实变10例共21个病灶,其内均可见支气管充气征,1例2个病灶内见支气管扩张;肺肿块或结节影3例共5个病灶,3个病灶内可见支气管充气征;磨玻璃样改变2例共6个病灶;1例伴纵隔及肺门淋巴结肿大.结论 MALT淋巴瘤CT上常表现为双肺多发、含有支气管充气征的肺实变、肿块、结节样或磨玻璃样改变;上述影像表现及相对缓慢的病变过程提示MALT淋巴瘤的诊断.     

显微镜下多血管炎胸部CT表现对照分析

目的 探讨胸部CT检查在显微镜下多血管炎(MPA)临床应用巾的价值.方法 搜集66例临床确诊为MPA的临床资料和胸部CT影像资料,将胸部受累患者的CT影像资料根据临床表现分成2组,即疾病活动组和稳定组,对两组数据进行对照统计分析(x2检验).结果 66例MPA患者中胸部CT检查发现异常43例(65.2%),其中活动组32例,稳定组11例.(1)43例MPA胸部CT表现:①肺实变10例(23.2%):均为活动组患者,病变以两中下肺较多见,实变区可见空气支气管征6例.②磨玻璃样改变23例(53.5%):活动组20例、稳定组3例;其巾两肺广泛病变18例(18/23),局限性病变5例(5/23).③磨玻璃样改变和(或)肺实变33例(76.7%):活动组30例,稳定组3例.④散在斑片影19例(44.2%):活动组17例,稳定组2例,分布缺乏特征性.⑤纤维条状及网格影28例(65.1%):活动组19例、稳定组9例,两中下肺及肺外带胸膜下多见.⑥蜂窝状改变6例(14.0%):活动组5例、稳定组1例,以两巾下肺多见.⑦胸腔积液21例(48.8%):活动组20例、稳定组1例.⑧肺大泡8例(18.6%):活动组7例、稳定组1例.⑨纵隔淋巴结肿大25例(58.1%):活动组23例,稳定组2例.(2)MPA活动组与稳定组CT征象对照分析:肺实变、磨玻璃样改变、散在斑片影、纵隔淋巴结肿大及胸腔积液征象在活动组明显多于稳定组,两组差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为4.479、4.083、4.053、9.697、9.345,P值均<0.05).结论 不同时期MPA胸部CT影像表现具有不同特征,胸部CT检查可辅助临床诊断,并对治疗有指导意义.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate chest CT features of microscopic polyangiitis(MPA).Methods Clinical data and chest CT images of 66 patients diagnosed as MAP had been collected.Depending on clinical manifestations.the 66 cases were divided into the active group and the stable group.The data of two groups were analyzed by x2 test.Results Forty-three of 66(65.2%)CT images were abnormal including 32 of them in active group and 11 in stable group. In these patients,CT images showed ground glass opacities(53.5%),lung consolidations(23.2%),scattered patchy opacities(44.2%),ground glass opacities and/or lung consolidations(76.7%),reticular opacities(65.1%),honeycomb(14.0%),pleural effusions(48.8%),emphysema(18.6%),and mediastinal adenopathies(58.1%).Lung consolidations,ground glass opacities,scattered patchy opacities,mediastinal adenopathies,and pleural effusion in the active group are more common than that in the stable group(X2=4.479,4.083,4.053,9.697,9.345 respectively,P<0.05).Conclusion Chest CT features of in patients with MPA have difference between active and stable periods.The chest CT scan is a useful tool to diagnose MAP in different periods and guide the treatment.     

艾滋病合并肺部真菌感染的CT表现

目的:探讨艾滋病合并肺部真菌感染的CT表现特点。方法:回顾性分析14例艾滋病合并真菌感染患者的胸部CT扫描资料。结果:病变主要位于肺外周、胸膜下或沿支气管分布,双肺散在或弥漫分布6例,局限性病灶8例,其中病灶位于肺下叶和/或中叶(舌叶)7例,右上叶4例,左上叶(除舌叶)1例。病灶呈大小不等结节影6例,单发类圆形肿块影2例,以空洞为主的病灶4例,小片状或大片状融合实变影5例,网结状影2例;纵隔及肺门淋巴结肿大3例,少量胸腔积液1例,高分辨力CT扫描显示树芽征3例。结论:艾滋病合并肺部真菌感染CT表现各异,主要表现为肺叶外周单发或散在分布大小不等结节伴或不伴空洞影、小片状或大片状实变影、网结状影及"树芽征",艾滋病患者CT扫描一旦出现此类征象,应高度警惕伴有真菌感染的可能。     

肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤的CT表现分析

目的 探讨肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型(MALT)淋巴瘤的CT表现,提高对该病的认识及诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析13例经手术及病理证实的肺MALT淋巴瘤CT表现.结果 (1)单发病灶4例,多发病灶9例,其中多发实变5例,多发肿块结节合并间质性改变3例,多发磨玻璃影1例;(2)实变影11个病灶,均见扩张“空气支气管征”,3例跨叶分布;结节共41枚,其中分叶34枚,边缘模糊31枚,胸膜下分布27枚,沿支气管血管束分布11枚,“细支气管征”或“空泡征”28枚;肿块9枚,均为分叶状,边缘模糊7枚,“空气支气管征”7枚.结论 肺MALT淋巴瘤常表现为两肺多发实变、结节和肿块,扩张“空气支气管征”对诊断有提示意义;多发分叶状肿块和跨叶分布的实变,多发的胸膜下或沿支气管血管束分布的伴“细支气管征”或“空泡征”的分叶状结节,应考虑MALT淋巴瘤的可能.     

肺内淋巴瘤的影像诊断

目的 研究肺淋巴瘤和肺假性淋巴瘤影像表现及诊断价值。方法 8例肺淋巴瘤均行X线胸片、腹部B超或CT检查,其中6例行胸部CT、2例行气管分叉体层和肺内病灶体层检查;2例肺假性淋巴瘤均X线胸片、气管分叉体层及肺内病灶体层检查。均经病理证实。结果 8例肺淋巴瘤均表现为单发或多发肺结节、肿块,7例病灶边缘呈棉絮状或周围呈磨玻璃样,2例灶内可见支气管气像,1例可见空洞。2例合并有双肺多发斑片,2例合并双肺细网状结构或磨玻璃样变,1例合并双肺多发粟粒结节。2例肺假性淋巴瘤表现为含支气管气像的双肺多发大片浸润实变,无纵膈、肺门淋巴结肿大。结论 肺淋巴瘤影像表现多样,结节或肿块型的病灶边缘棉絮状或其周围呈磨玻璃样,多合并肺内斑片、肺间质变。但最终诊断依靠病理。     

肺黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤CT表现

目的 了解肺黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤CT征象.资料与方法 回顾性分析经病理细胞学和免疫组织化学证实17例肺黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤CT表现.结果 单肺与双肺病灶分别为6、11例,单发与多发分别为4、13例,肺内病灶总数30个,其中包括14个肺实变影、9个肿块影和7个结节影,支气管充气征和小囊腔14例,胸腔积液4例,淋巴结肿大7例.结论 CT对诊断肺黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤有一定帮助.     

原发性肺黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学表现

目的 分析原发性肺黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学表现,提高对原发性肺MALT淋巴瘤的认识及诊断能力。 方法 回顾性分析2006年11月至2017年4月经病理确诊的9例原发性肺MALT淋巴瘤患者（男性6例、女性3例,中位年龄59岁）的临床资料及18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料,记录病灶的部位、数量、密度、大小、形态及最大标准化摄取值（SUV_max）,以及纵隔及肺门淋巴结等情况;分析影像信息并同时进行相关文献复习。 结果 9例原发性肺MALT淋巴瘤患者18F-FDG PET/CT表现分为3型:实变型4例、肿块型3例、弥漫肺炎型2例。实变型表现为大小、受累范围不等的实变影;肿块型表现为单发或多发、边缘毛糙的实性肿块影;弥漫肺炎型表现为肺叶内或双肺弥漫的斑片、团块样软组织密度影。在9例患者中可见支气管充气征8例（部分伴有支气管扩张）、三角型灌注征3例、病灶向中心聚拢4例、钙化2例、胸腔积液2例、肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大2例。所有病灶18F-FDG 代谢不均匀增高,中位SUV_max为6.0（2.6~8.3）;2例弥漫肺炎型纵隔及肺门淋巴结18F-FDG摄取异常增高,SUV_max分别为13.0、4.7。 结论 原发性肺MALT淋巴瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT表现常为斑片状致密影,多见实变影,内部常见支气管充气征,18F-FDG轻度摄取,结合相对缓慢的病程,可考虑为原发性肺MALT淋巴瘤。     

螺旋CT薄层扫描诊断肺真菌病的价值

目的 研究螺旋CT薄层扫描在肺真菌感染诊断中的临床价值.资料与方法 对38例肺真菌感染患者的螺旋CT薄层扫描图像进行分析,并结合病理学总结不同真菌的影像特征.结果 38例中肺曲霉菌16例,螺旋CT薄层扫描主要表现为软组织密度结节或肿块(14/16),其中7例病灶周围形成浅淡的、"磨玻璃"样晕环;典型肺曲菌球表现为"空气半月征"(5/16).肺隐球菌10例,CT表现为结节、团块及实变影,内部可见"细支气管充气征"(3/10).肺白色念珠菌9例,表现为两肺野散在或布满大小不一、密度不均的絮片状影,边缘模糊,伴有大小不等的结节影.肺毛霉菌3例,表现为"磨玻璃"样及结节影.结论 螺旋CT薄层扫描可以清晰显示肺内病灶的形态特点,提示"晕征"、"空气半月征"、"洞内球征"、"细支气管充气征"及"树芽征"较特异的征象.不同真菌种类其螺旋CT薄层扫描征象亦有所差别,但最终需结合病理学做出诊断.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像联合HRCT对孤立性原发肺浸润性黏液腺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨孤立性原发肺浸润性黏液腺癌18F-FDG PET/CT显像和HRCT征象及两者联合对该病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实为浸润性黏液腺癌、有18F-FDG PET/CT双时相显像及病灶层面同机HRCT扫描资料的9例患者,对PET/CT早期、延迟显像及滞留指数、HRCT征象进行综合分析。结果HRCT图像上表现为2例呈实性结节、病灶周围无类似卫星灶样影,6例实性结节周围伴小点片及磨玻璃样影,1例为单纯磨玻璃样结节;分叶征(6例)、血管集束征(6例)、支气管充气征(4例)、空泡征(2例)、毛刺征(1例);18F-FDG PET/CT融合图像上8例病灶表现为不均匀FDG代谢增高,早期显像平均SUVmax为3.2±2.5,延迟现象SUVmax增高6例、降低2例,平均SUVmax为3.5±2.4,平均滞留指数为(10.4±29.3)%,9例均未见纵隔、双侧肺门淋巴结及其他部位转移征象,其18F-FDG PET/CT融合图像上18F-FDG摄取与HRCT相匹配,18F-FDG摄取相对集中于结节的实性区域,病灶磨玻璃区18F-FDG摄取不明显;综合手术病理结果等临床资料证实,9例均为T1N0M0期,与PET/CT分期一致。结论对于影像学检查发现肺孤立性占位患者,在单一影像学检查难以明确诊断的情况下,18F-FDG PET/CT双时相显像上病灶不均匀18F-FDG摄取相对集中于其实性区域的代谢方式与HRCT相联合,可辅助孤立性原发性肺浸润性黏液腺癌的诊断。     

艾滋病合并马红球菌肺部感染影像学表现

目的探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)合并马红球菌肺部感染的影像学表现.资料与方法回顾性分析6例临床确诊的 AIDS 合并马红球菌肺部感染患者的影像资料,其中5例行胸部 CT 平扫,1例加做胸部增强扫描;1例行 DR 胸部正侧位摄片.结果6例患者影像学表现呈多样性,其中2例表现为单一结节肿块影,1例为斑片渗出影,3例合并浸润实变影、斑片状模糊影.6例中出现结节及团块实变影4例,空洞2例;斑片状渗出影4例,间质样改变2例,支气管扩张3例,纵隔淋巴结肿大2例,肺门淋巴结肿大1例,胸膜腔积液3例.结论结节肿块影、浸润实变影伴空洞、斑片状模糊影是 AIDS合并马红球菌肺部感染的常见影像表现.     

侵袭性肺曲菌病CT诊断(附17例报告)

目的:探讨侵袭性肺曲菌病(IPA)的CT表现。方法:回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的17例侵袭性肺曲菌病CT表现。结果:17例中患糖尿病3例,白血病3例,淋巴瘤2例,骨髓瘤2例,肺结核2例,肺癌术后1例,肾移植后1例,红斑狼疮长期服用激素1例,类风湿性关节炎长期服用激素1例,未患其它疾病者1例。17例中病变近胸膜下呈楔形大片状实变阴影6例,其中3例两肺伴多发结节样阴影;病变呈团块状阴影6例,团块边缘较光整,其中3例团块影内见大小不等小空洞,2例团块有轻微分叶,1例团块边缘略有"晕征";病变呈多发小结节病灶和多发小斑片状影散在分布两肺3例,小结节病灶边缘有"晕征";多发小斑片状影散在分布两肺2例,密度低,边缘模糊,呈磨玻璃样表现。结论:侵袭性肺曲菌病CT征象主要为楔形实变、团块状影、多发结节影及小斑片状影,多发结节伴"晕征"时应提示侵袭性肺曲菌病可能。     

CT findings in primary pulmonary lymphomas

PURPOSE: To describe the CT findings of pathologically confirmed primary pulmonary lymphomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT examinations of 11 patients with pathologically proven primary pulmonary lymphoma (9 BALT lymphomas and 2 non-BALT lymphomas) were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists. Evaluated findings included morphology (consolidation, mass, nodule), number and distribution of lesions. Other CT findings such as air bronchogram, lymphadenopathy, atelectasis and pleural effusion were also assessed. RESULTS: Pulmonary lesions were depicted as airspace consolidation (pneumonia-like) in 5 patients (45%), tumour-like rounded opacity in 4 (36%), and nodules in 4 (36%). Multiple and bilateral lung lesions were seen in 3 patients (27%). Air bronchogram was present in 7 patients (63%), lymphadenopathy in 3 (27%), atelectasis in 4 (36%) and pleural effusion in only 1 (9%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results agree with previous studies regarding lesion patterns and their relative frequency. A smaller number of nodules and multiple lesions were found compared with some previous studies. The most frequent pattern was airspace consolidation.