支具治疗指导表指导治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效

目的 建立支具治疗指导表并评价其是否能够正确而有效地指导青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者的支具治疗.方法 2008年3月至2010年6月,采用改良Cheneau支具治疗68例顶椎(apex vertebrae,AV)均在T6以下的AIS患者.根据是否使用支具治疗指导表分组:干预组51例,男16例,女35例;年龄10.6～17.2岁,平均13.6岁;Cobb角20°～38°,平均29.5°;Risser征2～4级;椎体旋转度0～2.对照组17例,男6例,女11例;年龄10.8～16.8岁,平均13.2岁;Cobb角20°～37°,平均28.7°;Risser征2～4级;椎体旋转度0～2.对照组患者在初诊或复查时,被告知规范化的治疗方案;而干预组患者将获得支具治疗指导表2份,嘱其必须按照表格的要求治疗.分析治疗前、治疗后6、12、18个月的Cobb角,评价两组患者的支具治疗效果.结果 对照组中1例和干预组中2例女性患者失访,余65例随访时间为18～27个月.支具治疗指导表的α系数及内部相关系数值均＞0.60,内容效度良好,表格接受率为97.54%(199/204),合格率为100.00%(199/199).对照组Cobb角从28.71°降至25.76°,干预组从29.47°降至21.59°.在治疗18个月时,对照组有4例、干预组有34例患者的Cobb角减小值≥5°,两组Cobb角变化比较,差异有统计学意义.结论 支具治疗指导表具有良好的信度和效度,能够正确有效地指导AIS患者的支具治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To guide bracing treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods A total of 68 AIS patients with apex vertebrae (AV) under T6 had received the improved Cheneau bracing treatment between March 2008 and June 2010. All patients were divided into two groups. There were 16males and 35 females, with a mean age of 13.6 years (range, 10.6-17.2) in the intervention group. The mean Cobb angle was 29.5° (range, 20°-38°); Risser sign was 2-4; Vertebralrotation degree was 0-2 in the group;while there were 6 males and 11 females, with a mean of 13.2 years (range, 10.8-16.8) in the control group.The mean Cobb angle was 28.7° (range, 20°-37°); Risser sign was 2-4; Vertebralrotation degree was 0-2 in the control group. All patients in control group were informed standardized bracing treatment method. But we gave patients in intervention group two copies of "The Form of Guiding Bracing Treatment" treatment of patients with AIS, and informed that they carried out the bracing treatment according requirement of the form.Cobb angle was measured before the treatment and at 6th, 12th, 18th month after treatment. Results Sixtyfive cases were followed up for 18-27 months. However, one female in control group and two females in intervention group were lost during follow-up. Coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient of form were both over 0.60. The acceptance rate of the table was 97.54%(199/204), qualified rate was 100.00%( 199/199), and with good content validity. The mean Cobb angle decreased gradually from 28.71° to 25.76° in control group and from 29.47° to 21.59° in intervention group. Four cases in control group and 34 cases in intervention group had reduced more than 5° at 18 months after treatment. There was significant difference regarding Cobb angle between two group. Conclusion The form of guiding bracing treatment has good reliability and validity and can guide bracing treatment of AIS correctly and effectively.     

不同进展程度的胸弯型特发性脊柱侧凸患者矢状面形态差异的比较研究

目的 比较不同进展程度的胸弯型特发性脊柱侧凸患者矢状面形态的差异并探寻与侧凸进展有关的危险因素.方法 研究对象选自2009年9月至2010年5月的83例胸弯型特发性脊柱侧凸患者,所有研究对象之前均未接受过任何治疗.根据侧凸进展程度分为3组:非进展组(NCP组),包括26例骨骼发育已成熟且Cobb角＜40°的患者;中度进展组(MCP组),包括29例骨骼发育已成熟且Cobb角≥40°的患者;重度进展组(SCP组),包括28例骨骼发育尚未成熟但Cobb角≥40°的患者.矢状面测量指标包括胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角、骶骨倾斜角、骨盆入射角和骨盆倾斜角.三组之间的数据比较采用单因素方差分析.结果 NCP组的平均胸弯Cobb角显著小于MCP组和SCP组(均P＜0.01),但MCP组和SCP组之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.619).NCP组的平均胸椎后凸角为19°±7°,MCP组为13°±6°,SCP组为8°±5°;SCP组显著小于MCP组(P=0.011)和NCP组(P＜0.01),而MCP组的平均胸椎后凸角显著小于NCP组(P＜0.01).其余四项指标在3组之间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 胸椎后凸不足与胸弯型特发性脊柱侧凸患者的侧凸进展密切相关,而骨盆的矢状面形态可能与胸椎侧凸的进展无关.

Abstract：

Objectives To compare the sagittal profiles between thoracic idiopathic scoliosis (IS) patients with different curve progression and to determine the risk factors associated with curve progression.Methods A total of 83 thoracic IS patients from September 2009 to May 2010 were included in this study and were divided into 3 groups according to different curve progression. All the patients did not receive any previous treatments. There were 26 skeletally mature patients whose Risser sign were 5 degree with Cobb angle ＜ 40° in non-curve progression group (NCP group), 29 mature patients whose Risser sign were 5 degree with Cobb angle≥40° in moderate curve progression group (MCP group) and 28 immature patients whose Risser sign ≤3 degree with Cobb angle≥40° in severe curve progression group (SCP group). Five sagittal parameters, including thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence (PI) and pelvic tilt (PT) were measured on the lateral X-ray films. Analysis of variance was used to compare these parameters among the 3 groups. Results The average thoracic Cobb angle was significantly smaller in NCP group when compared with MCP group(P ＜0. 01) or SCP group (P ＜0. 01),but not significantly different between the 2 latter groups (P =0. 619). The average TK was 19°±7° in NCP group,13°±6° in MCP group and 8°±5° in SCP group. The average TK was significantly smaller in SCP group when compared with MCP group(P = 0. 011) or NCP group (P ＜ 0. 01), while the average TK was significantly smaller in MCP group when compared with NCP group (P ＜ 0. 01). None of the other 4 parameters showed any significant difference between the 3 groups (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions Thoracic hypokyphosis is strongly associated with curve progression in thoracic IS patients. Pelvic sagittal profile may not be involved in the underlying mechanism of curve progression in thoracic IS patients.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者结束支具治疗后侧凸进展的危险因素分析

目的研究青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者结束支具治疗后侧凸进展的危险因素,为AIS的科学、合理使用支具治疗提供理论依据。方法纳入2013-03-2016-03于我院支具治疗的164例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者,结束支具治疗后随访24个月,以侧凸Cobb进展≥5°诊断为支具治疗后侧凸进展,设为进展组,侧凸Cobb进展5°设为非进展组。调查两组患者初诊年龄、性别、初诊Cobb角等病历资料,通过Logistic回归分析探究AIS患者结束支具治疗后侧凸进展的独立危险因素。结果 AIS患者结束支具治疗后侧凸进展38例,进展率23.17%,平均侧凸Cobb角(6.84±0.87)°,未进展126例,平均侧凸Cobb角(3.77±0.65)°;两组初发Cobb角、顶椎旋转度、站高增长速度、女性初潮年龄、Risser征的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Logistic回归分析证实:初发Cobb角≥35°、顶椎旋转度≥Ⅲ度、女性初潮年龄12岁、站高增长速度30 mm/年,均是AIS患者结束支具后侧凸进展的独立危险因素。结论 AIS患者结束支具治疗后侧凸进展发生率较高,初发Cobb角≥35°、顶椎旋转度≥Ⅲ度、站高增长速度30 mm/年、女性初潮年龄12岁均会增加侧凸进展风险。     

性别对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者支具治疗效果的影响

目的:比较男、女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者支具治疗的效果,探讨性别因素对支具治疗效果的影响。方法:2003年7月~2009年7月在我院完成支具治疗的男性AIS患者19例(A组),初诊时平均年龄14.0±2.0岁,平均主弯Cobb角28.8°±5.7°,初始Boston支具治疗6例,Milwaukee支具治疗13例;随机抽取同时期完成支具治疗的女性AIS患者57例(B组),初诊时平均年龄13.0±1.4岁,平均主弯Cobb角29.4°±6.1°,初始Boston支具治疗17例,Milwaukee支具治疗40例。定义末次随访时Cobb角大于初诊6°或治疗期间建议行矫形手术者为侧凸进展。结果:两组初诊时Risser征(P=0.786)、Cobb角(P=0.790)、弯型分布(P=0.350)和应用支具类型分布(P=0.350)等无显著性差异。A组和B组平均支具治疗时长分别为2.1±0.7年和2.5±0.9年,平均依从性分别为84.4%±7.6%和87.1%±5.7%。A组患者中发生侧凸进展8例(42%),其中需手术治疗者6例(32%);B组中侧凸进展12例(21%),其中需手术治疗者10例(18%)。男性患者侧凸进展比例高于女性,但统计学差异不明显(P=0.071)。两组中,生长发育状态低下、侧凸Cobb角大及主胸弯型患者侧凸进展比例高。结论:支具治疗可有效控制多数AIS患者的侧凸进展,女性患者支具治疗效果可能好于男性患者。     

支具治疗后初始Cobb角进展速率对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者支具疗效的预测价值

目的 :比较行支具治疗的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者的支具治疗后初始Cobb角进展速率(initial angle velocity,IAV)和初始矫正率与支具疗效的相关性,探讨IAV对AIS患者支具疗效的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析于我院门诊行正规支具治疗的女性AIS患者126例,其中胸主弯74例,胸腰弯52例。于患者每次随访拍摄的站立位全脊柱正位片上测量主弯的Cobb角和Risser征。另外记录患者每次随访时的实足年龄、月经状态及身高等资料。根据患者末次随访时Cobb角进展程度分为两组:进展组55例Cobb角进展≥6°;非进展组71例Cobb进展6°。IAV定义为患者支具治疗后第一次随访时的Cobb角进展速率,初始矫正率定义为支具治疗后第一次随访时的Cobb角矫正率。采用独立样本t检验比较两组之间的差异,逻辑回归分析不同支具疗效的预测因素。结果:本组所有患者平均初诊年龄12.4±1.6岁;月经年龄12.3±1.2岁;平均初诊身高154.4±9.7cm;初诊Risser征2.1±1.7;平均初诊Cobb角24.4°±6.1°。初诊至第一次随访平均时间间隔4.1±0.6个月;初诊至末次随访平均时间间隔35.9±13.7个月(24~60个月)。末次随访时平均Cobb角29.2°±8.4°。独立样本t检验示进展组和非进展组患者初诊年龄、月经年龄、初诊身高、初诊Risser征及初诊Cobb角均无显著差异(P0.05)。非进展组IAV显著小于进展组(-9.9°±13.8°/年VS 5.2°±12.5°/年,P0.001),而非进展组初始Cobb角矫正率显著大于进展组[(11.6±16.9)%VS(-5.3±16.4)%,P0.001]。逻辑回归分析示支具疗效与IAV(OR=8.451,P=0.004)呈显著相关,而与初始矫正率(OR=2.192,P=0.139)无显著相关。结论:支具治疗后初始Cobb角进展速率与AIS患者支具疗效呈显著相关,较高的支具治疗后初始Cobb角进展速率预示较差的支具治疗效果。     

女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者停止支具治疗后的侧凸进展及其相关因素

目的 :分析发育成熟的女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患儿在停止支具治疗后长期随访中的侧凸进展情况,并探讨其相关因素。方法:回顾性分析于我院门诊就诊符合SRS(scoliosis research society)支具治疗标准的女性AIS患儿130例,初诊年龄11.8±1.4岁(10~14岁)。所有患儿均随访至支具治疗结束后至少2年,且至少具有佩戴支具后初次随访、停止支具治疗时、停止支具治疗后6个月、1年、2年及末次随访时的资料。在每次随访时的全脊柱正位X线片上测量主弯侧凸Cobb角,并评估侧凸进展超过5°的患儿及比例、侧凸进展度数和进展速率。末次随访时侧凸进展超过5°定义为侧凸进展,采用独立样本t检验比较侧凸进展组和非进展组患儿的初诊年龄、月经初潮年龄、初诊Cobb角、初始矫正率、停止支具治疗年龄。结果:与停止支具治疗时相比,停止支具治疗后6个月、1年、2年及末次随访时的侧凸进展超过5°的患儿分别为33例(25.4%)、42例(32.3%)、61例(46.9%)和63例(48.5%);侧凸进展度数分别为2.0°±4.4°、3.2°±5.0°、4.9°±5.5°和5.1°±6.9°;侧凸进展速率分别为0.33°±0.71°/月、0.20°±0.41°/月、0.14°±0.29°/月和0.01°±0.19°/月。停止支具治疗后侧凸非进展组和进展组患儿的初诊年龄、月经初潮年龄、初诊Cobb角、初始矫正率、停止支具治疗时年龄等无显著性差异(P0.05),而停止支具治疗时的Cobb角有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:行支具治疗的AIS患儿停止支具治疗后仍有较高的侧凸进展风险,停止支具治疗后的6个月内为侧凸进展高风险和高速率期;停止支具治疗时的侧凸Cobb角越大发生侧凸进展的风险越高。     

Matrilin-1基因多态性与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸支具疗效的相关性

目的 探讨matrilin-1基因多态性与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者支具治疗效果的相关性.方法 自2005年1月至2008年12月,对门诊行规范化支具治疗的AIS患者进行前瞻性研究.入选对象要求:女性患者;骨骼发育为未成熟状态(Risser征0～3级);月经初潮未至或来潮1.5年以内;标准站立位全脊柱X线片上侧凸Cobb角为20°～40°;排除了先天性和神经肌源性以及其他原因引起的侧凸;无已知的可影响骨塑型和钙代谢的病史和药物使用史;初诊前无支具治疗史;接受支具治疗(Boston支具或Milwaukee支具)期间每3个月复诊1次,随访时间超过2年.符合下述条件之一者,则予以剔除:最终随访不足2年;支具治疗过程中依从性(每日实际佩戴时间与建议佩戴时间的比值)较差(<75%);支具治疗期间未按照医嘱自行更换支具.根据患者侧凸类型选择相应的支具进行治疗.记录初次就诊及末次随访的原发弯的Cobb角.支具治疗失败的标准为原发弯增加>5°.选取matrilin-1基因启动子区域位点rs1149048进行PCR-RFLP基因分型.按支具疗效分为治疗失败和治疗成功两组,比较两组之间的初诊年龄、Risser征、侧凸类型、初诊Cobb角及基因型分布的差异并进行统计学分析.结果 共有77例AIS女孩入选并完成本研究.初诊时平均年龄为(13.0±1.5)年,平均主弯Cobb角为29.5°±7.8°.在平均(2.6±0.3)年随访后,平均主弯Cobb角为30.3°±11.9°.支具治疗失败总共19例(24.7%),支具治疗成功58例(75.3%).支具治疗失败组的初诊Cobb角较大(P>0.05).在不同的侧凸类型中,胸腰双主弯的支具治疗失败率最低(19.4%).基因型GG个体支具治疗失败率(66.7%)明显高于基因型为从或AG的个体.结论 通过早期规范化支具治疗,大部分脊柱侧凸进展可得到控制.初诊Cobb角较大及基因型GG的AIS患者支具疗效较差.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸支具治疗结束后近期矫正丢失及影响因素

目的:观察青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)支具治疗结束后短期内侧凸的矫正丢失情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法:选取2002年10月～2007年12月在我院完成规范化支具治疗后短期随访的AIS患者84例,其中男4例,女80例。初诊时年龄10～15岁,平均12.8岁;Risser征0～3级,平均1.6级;主弯Cobb角20°～43°,平均29.5°。胸腰双主弯36例,单胸弯22例,单胸腰弯或腰弯26例。所有患者在初诊、复查时均摄佩带支具前后站立位全脊柱正位X线片。分别测定不同时期侧凸Cobb角,记录侧凸类型、Risser征、患者的生理年龄及月经初潮时间,分析去除支具后侧凸的矫正丢失情况及影响因素。结果:AIS患者支具治疗后主弯Cobb角的平均矫正率为12.4%,其中14例(16.7%)患者在治疗期间出现脊柱侧凸进展,不同弯型脊柱侧凸的侧凸矫正率、进展率比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。支具治疗结束时主弯Cobb角10°～37°,平均25.5°,明显小于初诊时的29.5°(P0.05),停用支具后6～18个月主弯Cobb角为27.2°,与支具治疗结束时比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。停用支具后,有15例(17.6%)患者出现脊柱侧凸进展,不同弯型脊柱侧凸进展差异无统计学意义(P0.05);侧凸进展的患者在支具治疗时主弯Cobb角的平均矫正率为23.3%,明显高于未出现侧凸进展患者的10.6%,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。停用支具时不同Cobb角组后期出现侧凸进展的概率无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:支具治疗能够有效控制AIS患者侧凸的进展。在结束支具治疗后短期内随访侧凸矫正基本稳定,但仍有一小部分患者会出现侧凸进展,这种进展与弯型、侧凸的严重程度无关,可能与支具治疗期间侧凸的矫正率较大有关。     

初诊骨密度对女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者早期支具治疗效果的预测价值

目的 探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸女性患者初诊时骨密度对短期支具治疗期间侧凸畸形进展的预测价值.方法 对接受规范化支具治疗1年以上的77例10～15岁龄的AIS女性患者,采用Logistic回归分析鉴定初诊骨密度与侧凸进展之间的关联,并运用多元回归分析探讨初诊骨密度状态是否是影响支具治疗期间侧凸进展的因素.结果 侧凸进展组16例(21%),非进展组61例(79%).进展组患者中以初潮未至、低Risser征、主胸弯、初诊大Cobb角者以及骨密度减低者居多.多元Logistic逐步回归分析表明,除了初潮未至(OR=4.606,P=0.020)、Cobb角31°～45°(OR=3.408,P=0.097)和主胸弯类型(OR=3.414,P=0.090)等因素外,骨密度减低(OR=5.362,P=0.022)也是支具治疗期间侧凸进展的危险因素.结论 初诊时较低的骨密度是独立影响特发性脊柱侧凸女性患者短期支具疗效的风险因素.分析支具治疗前患者的骨量状态有助于预测支具治疗效果.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的支具治疗

目的探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸支具治疗的适应证,并评价其临床疗效。方法77例骨骼发育未成熟的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受Milwaukee支具或Boston支具矫正,男15例,女62例;年龄10～15岁,平均12.7岁。胸腰双主弯26例、单胸弯37例、单胸腰弯或腰弯14例。原发弯Cobb角22°～62°,平均35.9°;20°～35°者37例,>35°者40例。Risser征0度38例、Ⅰ度19例、Ⅱ度13例、Ⅲ度7例。每3～6个月定期复查,复查时均摄佩带支具前、后的站立位全脊柱正位X线片,测量初次就诊及末次随访时的Cobb角、顶椎旋转度及Risser征。结果全部病例随访24～60个月,平均30个月。29.9%的病例出现脊柱侧凸进展,不同类型脊柱侧凸中胸腰双主弯进展率最低,但与其他类型比较差异无显著性。Risser征越小,初诊支具矫正率越大、侧凸进展率越高,且Risser征Ⅰ度组(包括0度)与Ⅱ度组之间、Ⅰ度组与Ⅲ度组之间初诊支具矫正率的差异有显著性(P<0.05)。原发弯Cobb角20°～35°组的初诊支具矫正率大于Cobb角>35°组(P<0.05);而侧凸进展率低于Cobb角>35°组,但差异无显著性。21例因出现侧凸进展而采用手术矫形,支具治疗使其中13例的手术时间推迟了12～20个月。结论Risser征可作为预测青少年特发性脊柱侧凸支具矫正成功率的一个指标。不同类型脊柱侧凸中胸     

Outcomes and predictors of brace treatment for girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and to identify the predictive factors of standardized brace treatment for girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods: From July 2003 to July 2009, 142 girls with AIS completed standardized brace treatment. These patients had a mean age of (13.1 ± 1.5) years (range, 10.1–15.9 years), a mean main curve of 29.6°± 5.4° (range, 20°–40°), and a mean Risser grade of 2.0 ± 1.5 (range, 0–4) before brace treatment. Based on whether their scoliosis progressed or not, patients were divided into two groups: progressed (Group Pr, n = 27, 19%) and non‐progressed (Group NP, n = 115, 81%), and were then divided into a further two groups: surgery (Group Su, n = 18, 13%) and non‐surgery (Group NS, n = 124, 87%). χ² and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate factors predicting outcomes of brace treatment. Results: The duration of brace treatment in all patients averaged 2.5 ± 1.0 years (range, 0.6–5.9). χ² analysis revealed that patients with progressive curves tended to be younger, with lower Risser grade, initial larger curve magnitude and a main thoracic curve pattern. Using stepwise logistic regression, pre‐menarche status (P= 0.00028) and a main thoracic curve pattern (P= 0.012) were found to be independent risk factors of curve progression despite brace treatment, while an initial Cobb angle >30° (P= 0.022) was an additional independent risk factor of curve requiring surgery due to progression. Conclusion: Brace treatment can prevent curve progression in most girls with AIS. The outcomes of brace treatment in these girls are influenced by growth status, curve pattern and curve magnitude. Less mature patients, and those with larger curves and thoracic curves are at risk of scoliosis progression despite brace treatment.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱柔韧性的影响因素

目的:探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者脊柱柔韧性的可能影响因素.方法:选取2006年12月～2008年4月在我院脊柱外科手术治疗的204例AIS患者,男性36例,女性168例,平均年龄15.0岁;平均Cobb角50.1°;平均Risser征3.4度;主弯跨度平均6.8个椎体;主弯顶椎旋转度平均2.0度.摄站立位全脊柱正侧位及仰卧左右侧屈位X线片,计算主弯柔韧性.采用相关分析研究各临床指标与主弯柔韧性的相关性.结果:女性AIS患者的脊柱柔韧性明显高于男性(P<0.05);胸腰弯组和腰弯组AIS患者的脊柱柔韧性显著大于胸弯组(P<0.05),胸腰弯和腰弯组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05).女性AIS患者中的年龄及主弯Cobb角(站立位与侧屈位)均与脊柱柔韧性显著负相关(P<0.05),且胸弯女性AIS患者的月经初潮至手术时间及顶椎旋转度也与脊柱柔韧性显著负相关(P<0.05).男性胸弯AIS患者中侧屈位主弯Cobb角、胸腰弯/腰弯组中主弯Cobb角(站立位与侧屈位)均与脊柱柔韧性显著负相关(P<0.05).主弯跨度及Risser征与脊柱柔韧性均无明显相关性(P>0.05).结论:女性AIS患者脊住柔韧性受年龄、月经初潮至手术时间、主弯Cobb角(站立位与侧屈位)、弯型及顶椎旋转度等因素影响;男性AIS患者的脊柱侧凸柔韧性主要受主弯Cobb角及弯型影响.     

女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者自我形象评估的相关影响因素分析

目的:探讨女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者自我形象评估的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2010年9月～2011年3月在我院就诊的252例女性AIS患者,年龄12～18岁,平均14.5±1.8岁。均摄取患者站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,并独立填写一份简体中文版SRS-22问卷。在站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量Cobb角、顶椎旋转度、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角、脊柱冠状面力线偏移及脊柱矢状面力线偏移等参数。采用相关分析研究各临床指标与自我形象评分的相关性。结果:患者平均Cobb角35.5°±12.8°;平均顶椎旋转度2.0°±0.7°;平均胸椎后凸角16.2°±9.0°;平均腰椎前凸角51.3°±9.8°;平均脊柱冠状面力线偏移1.2±0.7cm;平均脊柱矢状面力线偏移2.4±1.5cm;平均体重指数18.3±2.2;平均自我形象评分16.7±2.8分。胸弯和胸腰弯/腰弯的自我形象评分均与主弯Cobb角有相关性(r分别为-0.171,-0.225,P均<0.05);其中大角度胸弯组呈显著相关(r=-0.484,P=0.005)。而其他参数与患者自我形象评估均无明显相关性(P均>0.05)。结论:女性AIS患者的自我形象主要受主弯Cobb角的影响,其中大角度胸弯患者的自我形象受主弯Cobb角的影响最大。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸远端融合椎的选择

目的 论证一种新的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者远端融合椎的选择方法,评估其临床疗效.方法 运用新的远端融合椎选择标准,前瞻性研究2005年7月至2008年9月接受诊治且符合人组条件的AIS患者31例,平均年龄15.6岁(12～19岁),平均随访27.5个月(12～49个月).观察术前、术后以及末次随访时冠状面的侧凸Cobb角、远端融合椎倾斜角、远端融合椎椎间角、C_7椎体中心至骶骨中垂线的距离(C_7-CSVL)、胸后凸、腰前凸等变化,并进行统计学分析.结果 术前、术后即刻冠状面胸弯Cobb角分别为(42±17)°和(12±7)°,侧凸矫形率平均70.6%;冠状面腰弯Cobb角分别为(44±7)°和(9±4)°,侧凸矫形率平均80.2%;C_7-CSVL分别为(13±8)和(9±7)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);远端融合椎倾斜角分别为(20.8±5.7)°和(1.5±3.1)°,术后较术前明显改善(P=0.000).末次随访时患者胸弯Cobb角为(14±8)°,腰弯cobb角为(9±5)°,C_7-CSVL为(6±5)mm,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).末次随访远端融合椎倾斜角为(0.8±3.7)°,与术后即刻相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 运用远端椎旋转度数和远端椎柔韧性选择远端融合椎的方法手术治疗AIS是安全、有效的.     

Matrilin-1基因多态性对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸进展的预测价值

目的 探讨Matrilin-1基因多态性在预测青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathicscoliosis,AIS)是含进展为严重脊柱侧凸方面的价值.方法 2006年6月至2007年3月在我院就诊的AIS患者267例,男40例,女227例.104例手术治疗,163例定期门诊随访,记录患者末次随访或术前最大Cobb角、初潮年龄、侧凸弯型、身高、臂长及体重.选取Matrilin-1基因启动子区域位点rs1149048进行聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length poly-morphism,PCR-RFLP)基因分型.进展型侧凸(脊柱侧凸进展成为严重脊柱侧凸)定义为骨骼发育未成熟时Cobb角>40°或骨骼发育成熟时Cobb角>50°.AIS患者被分为进展型与非进展型两组,比较两组间的临床特征及基因型分布的差异.分析侧凸进展的危险因素.结果 267例AIS患者中162例(60.7%)为非进展型,105例(39.3%)为进展型.进展型组月经初潮年龄较晚(>13岁),且三弯及胸腰双主弯所占比例高,基因型GG的个体在进展型组比例高(55.2%).初潮年龄晚、三弯、胸腰双主弯及基因型CG为侧凸进展的危险因素.结论 Matrilin-1基因多态性可被用来预测AIS进展,结合其他相关预测因素可提高预测的准确性.     

Results of brace treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in boys compared with girls: a retrospective study of 102 patients treated with the Boston brace

The aim of the study was to compare the results of brace treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in male patients with matched female patients and to assess the effectiveness of bracing of boys in AIS and to discuss the results with published data. Between 1987 and 1995, 51 consecutive male patients with AIS were treated with the Boston brace. The patients were advised to wear the brace 23 h/day. The medical records of all patients were reviewed. Cobb angles and Risser signs were measured before bracing, in brace, at brace discontinuation and at final follow-up. Everyone of 51 male patients was compared with a female patient who was treated by the same method and matched by Risser sign, curve pattern, curve magnitude and duration of treatment and follow-up time. Compliance with brace was noted at every visit. Fourteen boys had worn the brace only during nighttime or occasionally and were considered non-compliant. Only compliant patients with treatment period > 1 year and follow-up > 1 year after treatment were accepted for the analyses of effectiveness of brace treatment and its prognostic factors. Thirty-three boys met these inclusion criteria. Bracing was considered to have a failure if > 5° progression occurred or if surgery was performed. At the final follow-up study progression > 5° was found in 16/51 (31.4%) of male patients. Corresponding figures of female patients were 11/51 (21.6%), respectively. In compliant boys progression > 5° occurred in 6/33 boys compared with 9/33 girls. The association between risk of progression and correction% in brace was statistically significant. The overall results of brace treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in male patients were inferior compared with matched females. One reason for inferior overall results in boys was poor compliance with brace wear. However, brace treatment in AIS may be recommended with the same principles in both genders.