不稳定Hangman骨折的手术治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of unstable Hangman fractures. Methods From October 2001 to April 2006, 15 patients with the unstable Hangman fractures were treated by the pedicle screw fixation after skull traction and reduction through posterior cervical approach. By Levine-Edwards classification, there were 3 cases of Ⅱ type, 4 cases of ⅡA type, 8 cases of Ⅲ type. Results The mean follow-up time was 17 (3 to 30) months. Six cases of Grade D by Frankel classification recovered to Grade E. Postoperative X-rays revealed bony union in all cases. No screw loosening or obvious functional limitation of the cervical vertebrae was found. In the cases of incomplete reduction, C2, 3 fixation was performed for patients without severe dislocation, and additional CA fixation with lateral mass screw was supplemented for patients with serere dislocation. Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw fixation of C2,3 or C2-4 is an effective and safe method for treating the unstable Hangman fractures.     

不稳定Hangman骨折的手术治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of unstable Hangman fractures. Methods From October 2001 to April 2006, 15 patients with the unstable Hangman fractures were treated by the pedicle screw fixation after skull traction and reduction through posterior cervical approach. By Levine-Edwards classification, there were 3 cases of Ⅱ type, 4 cases of ⅡA type, 8 cases of Ⅲ type. Results The mean follow-up time was 17 (3 to 30) months. Six cases of Grade D by Frankel classification recovered to Grade E. Postoperative X-rays revealed bony union in all cases. No screw loosening or obvious functional limitation of the cervical vertebrae was found. In the cases of incomplete reduction, C2, 3 fixation was performed for patients without severe dislocation, and additional CA fixation with lateral mass screw was supplemented for patients with serere dislocation. Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw fixation of C2,3 or C2-4 is an effective and safe method for treating the unstable Hangman fractures.     

不稳定Hangman骨折的手术治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of unstable Hangman fractures. Methods From October 2001 to April 2006, 15 patients with the unstable Hangman fractures were treated by the pedicle screw fixation after skull traction and reduction through posterior cervical approach. By Levine-Edwards classification, there were 3 cases of Ⅱ type, 4 cases of ⅡA type, 8 cases of Ⅲ type. Results The mean follow-up time was 17 (3 to 30) months. Six cases of Grade D by Frankel classification recovered to Grade E. Postoperative X-rays revealed bony union in all cases. No screw loosening or obvious functional limitation of the cervical vertebrae was found. In the cases of incomplete reduction, C2, 3 fixation was performed for patients without severe dislocation, and additional CA fixation with lateral mass screw was supplemented for patients with serere dislocation. Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw fixation of C2,3 or C2-4 is an effective and safe method for treating the unstable Hangman fractures.     

不稳定Hangman骨折的手术治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of unstable Hangman fractures. Methods From October 2001 to April 2006, 15 patients with the unstable Hangman fractures were treated by the pedicle screw fixation after skull traction and reduction through posterior cervical approach. By Levine-Edwards classification, there were 3 cases of Ⅱ type, 4 cases of ⅡA type, 8 cases of Ⅲ type. Results The mean follow-up time was 17 (3 to 30) months. Six cases of Grade D by Frankel classification recovered to Grade E. Postoperative X-rays revealed bony union in all cases. No screw loosening or obvious functional limitation of the cervical vertebrae was found. In the cases of incomplete reduction, C2, 3 fixation was performed for patients without severe dislocation, and additional CA fixation with lateral mass screw was supplemented for patients with serere dislocation. Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw fixation of C2,3 or C2-4 is an effective and safe method for treating the unstable Hangman fractures.     

不稳定Hangman骨折的手术治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of unstable Hangman fractures. Methods From October 2001 to April 2006, 15 patients with the unstable Hangman fractures were treated by the pedicle screw fixation after skull traction and reduction through posterior cervical approach. By Levine-Edwards classification, there were 3 cases of Ⅱ type, 4 cases of ⅡA type, 8 cases of Ⅲ type. Results The mean follow-up time was 17 (3 to 30) months. Six cases of Grade D by Frankel classification recovered to Grade E. Postoperative X-rays revealed bony union in all cases. No screw loosening or obvious functional limitation of the cervical vertebrae was found. In the cases of incomplete reduction, C2, 3 fixation was performed for patients without severe dislocation, and additional CA fixation with lateral mass screw was supplemented for patients with serere dislocation. Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw fixation of C2,3 or C2-4 is an effective and safe method for treating the unstable Hangman fractures.     

不稳定Hangman骨折的手术治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of unstable Hangman fractures. Methods From October 2001 to April 2006, 15 patients with the unstable Hangman fractures were treated by the pedicle screw fixation after skull traction and reduction through posterior cervical approach. By Levine-Edwards classification, there were 3 cases of Ⅱ type, 4 cases of ⅡA type, 8 cases of Ⅲ type. Results The mean follow-up time was 17 (3 to 30) months. Six cases of Grade D by Frankel classification recovered to Grade E. Postoperative X-rays revealed bony union in all cases. No screw loosening or obvious functional limitation of the cervical vertebrae was found. In the cases of incomplete reduction, C2, 3 fixation was performed for patients without severe dislocation, and additional CA fixation with lateral mass screw was supplemented for patients with serere dislocation. Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw fixation of C2,3 or C2-4 is an effective and safe method for treating the unstable Hangman fractures.     

不稳定Hangman骨折的手术治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of unstable Hangman fractures. Methods From October 2001 to April 2006, 15 patients with the unstable Hangman fractures were treated by the pedicle screw fixation after skull traction and reduction through posterior cervical approach. By Levine-Edwards classification, there were 3 cases of Ⅱ type, 4 cases of ⅡA type, 8 cases of Ⅲ type. Results The mean follow-up time was 17 (3 to 30) months. Six cases of Grade D by Frankel classification recovered to Grade E. Postoperative X-rays revealed bony union in all cases. No screw loosening or obvious functional limitation of the cervical vertebrae was found. In the cases of incomplete reduction, C2, 3 fixation was performed for patients without severe dislocation, and additional CA fixation with lateral mass screw was supplemented for patients with serere dislocation. Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw fixation of C2,3 or C2-4 is an effective and safe method for treating the unstable Hangman fractures.     

不稳定Hangman骨折的手术治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of unstable Hangman fractures. Methods From October 2001 to April 2006, 15 patients with the unstable Hangman fractures were treated by the pedicle screw fixation after skull traction and reduction through posterior cervical approach. By Levine-Edwards classification, there were 3 cases of Ⅱ type, 4 cases of ⅡA type, 8 cases of Ⅲ type. Results The mean follow-up time was 17 (3 to 30) months. Six cases of Grade D by Frankel classification recovered to Grade E. Postoperative X-rays revealed bony union in all cases. No screw loosening or obvious functional limitation of the cervical vertebrae was found. In the cases of incomplete reduction, C2, 3 fixation was performed for patients without severe dislocation, and additional CA fixation with lateral mass screw was supplemented for patients with serere dislocation. Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw fixation of C2,3 or C2-4 is an effective and safe method for treating the unstable Hangman fractures.     

不稳定Hangman骨折的手术治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of unstable Hangman fractures. Methods From October 2001 to April 2006, 15 patients with the unstable Hangman fractures were treated by the pedicle screw fixation after skull traction and reduction through posterior cervical approach. By Levine-Edwards classification, there were 3 cases of Ⅱ type, 4 cases of ⅡA type, 8 cases of Ⅲ type. Results The mean follow-up time was 17 (3 to 30) months. Six cases of Grade D by Frankel classification recovered to Grade E. Postoperative X-rays revealed bony union in all cases. No screw loosening or obvious functional limitation of the cervical vertebrae was found. In the cases of incomplete reduction, C2, 3 fixation was performed for patients without severe dislocation, and additional CA fixation with lateral mass screw was supplemented for patients with serere dislocation. Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw fixation of C2,3 or C2-4 is an effective and safe method for treating the unstable Hangman fractures.     

One stage anterior-posterior approach for traumatic atlantoaxial instability combined with subaxial cervical spinal cord injury

Objectives: To explore the clinical features of traumatic atlantoaxial instability combined with subaxial cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI), and to analyze the feasibility, indication and therapeutic effects of anterior-posterior approach in such cases.Methods: From March 2004 to September 2009, 16cases with this trauma were admitted and surgically treated in our department. Before surgery, skull traction was performed. Posterior atlantoaxial pedicle screw internal fixation and bone graft fusion were conducted to manage traumatic atlantoaxial instability. As for subaxial CSCI, anterior cervical corpectomy or discectomy decompression, bone grafting and internal fixation with steel plates were applied.Results: All operations were successful. The average operation time was 3 hours and operative blood loss 400 ml. Satisfactory reduction of both the upper and lower cervical spine and complete decompression were achieved. All patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months. Their clinical symptoms were improved by various levels. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores ranged from 10to 16 one year postoperatively, 13.95±2.06 on average (improvement rate= 70.10% ). X-rays, spiral CT and MRI confirmed normal cervical alignments, complete decompression and fine implants' position. There was no breakage or loosening of screws, nor exodus of titanium mesh or implanted bone blocks. The grafted bone achieved fusion 3-6 months postoperatively and no atlantoaxial instability was observed.Conclusions: Traumatic atlantoaxial instability may combine with subaxial CSCI, misdiagnosis of which should be especially alerted and avoided. For severe cases, one stage anterior-posterior approach to decompress the upper and lower cervical spine, together with reposition, bone grafting and fusion, as well as internal fixation can immediately restore the normal alignments and stability of the cervical spine and effectively improve the spinal nervous function, thus being an ideal approach.     

Ⅰ期前后路联合手术治疗复杂下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁

目的探讨Ⅰ期前后路联合手术在复杂下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁中的临床疗效。方法Ⅰ期采用颈椎前路减压+钢板内固定与后路减压+椎弓根钉内固定联合治疗复杂下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁28例,其中单侧关节突绞锁10例,双侧关节突绞锁18例。美国脊柱损伤协会(ASIA)分级A级2例,B级6例,C级14例,D级6例;日本骨科协会评估治疗(JOA)评分平均为(7.2±2.4)分。对所有患者治疗前后的病情恢复程度进行评价。结果术后所有患者均无血管、喉返喉上神经及食管等周围组织损伤,复查X线片显示脱位完全复位27例,不完全复位1例。随访6~24个月,平均15个月,所有患者的内固定物均未出现断裂、松动,植骨愈合良好,未见假关节形成,颈椎椎间高度及生理曲度都得到的不同程度的重建及维持。ASIA分级及JOA评分基本均有所提高,其中A级1例,B级4例,C级8例,D级6例,E级9例;JOA评分平均为(15.7±3.0)分。结论Ⅰ期前后路联合手术治疗复杂下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁可前后充分减压,促进患者的神经功能恢复,是治疗复杂下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节绞锁的有效手术治疗方式。     

下颈椎骨折脱位伴急性脊髓损伤的手术疗效分析

[目的]分析颈椎前路钢板内固定治疗颈椎骨折脱位伴急性脊髓损伤的临床治疗效果.[方法]对63例颈椎骨折脱位伴急性脊髓损伤的患者进行颈椎前路减压、植骨及颈椎前路带锁钢板内固定术.术后定期X线片观察损伤节段的稳定性和融合率以及有无内置物并发症,以JOA评分判定脊髓功能恢复情况.[结果]62例获得随访,时间13～37个月,平均20.4个月.62例患者均损伤节段稳定,植骨愈合良好,无内置物并发症,脊髓功能JOA评分平均提高7.56分,取得满意疗效.[结论]颈椎前路钢板内固定治疗颈椎骨折脱位伴急性脊髓损伤,能使损伤节段获得即刻、坚强的稳定,方便护理和功能锻炼,有利于脊髓功能的恢复.     

Ⅰ期前后路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位

目的 评价Ⅰ期前后路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的可行性和近期临床效果.方法 对27例下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的患者,Ⅰ期行后路复位和前路减压植骨内固定术,定期X线摄片观察损伤节段的稳定性和融合率,观察有无并发症发生,以ASIA分级判定脊髓功能的恢复情况.结果 随访6～32个月(平均21.5个月),27例患者均获得了完全复位,损伤节段稳定,颈椎高度和生理曲度维持良好,融合率为100%,内固定位置良好,无植骨块脱出或钢板、螺钉松动、断裂等并发症,脊髓功能平均提高1.4级,无一例患者出现神经症状加重.结论 Ⅰ期前后路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁可获得满意的复位、彻底的减压和即刻稳定性的重建,有利于脊髓功能的恢复,近期临床疗效满意.     

下颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤的外科手术入路选择

目的探讨下颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤的外科手术入路选择。方法回顾性分析54例下颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤患者行手术治疗的临床资料。其中颈椎压缩型骨折脱位29例,颈椎爆裂性骨折脱位7例,单侧小关节脱位3例,双侧小关节脱位15例。美国脊髓损伤学会(ASIA)评分：A级21例,B级5例,C级22例,D级6例。43例采用前路手术,11例采用后路手术。结果术中均无大血管、气管、食道、脊髓意外损伤。术后随访12～36个月,平均18个月。无一例发生钢板、螺钉松动、断裂等并发症。植骨于术后12周均获得骨性融合,无假关节、骨不连发生。96．3％患者术后获得完全复位,术后颈椎椎间高度、生理曲度无丢失。完全性脊髓损伤患者术后神经功能均无恢复,但上肢疼痛、麻木有不同程度的缓解。不完全性脊髓损伤患者术后神经功能均有一定恢复,平均ASIA评分提高1～2级。结论采用前路或后路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位均能达到良好的解剖复位,根据颈椎损伤的类型采取适合的手术入路是手术成功的关键。     

局麻下经后路切开复位联合前路融合内固定治疗下颈椎关节突交锁

目的探讨有效治疗下颈椎关节突交锁的方法。方法2000年7月～2009年3月,对78例下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突交锁的患者采用局麻下经后路切开复位,线缆固定;Ⅰ期全麻下行经前路椎间盘切除,钛板内固定治疗。结果所有患者都获得复位,无神经系统损伤并发症发生,术后平均随访时间为18个月（3～24个月）。术后患者神经功能有不同程度恢复,按ASIA分级,其中21例A级有4例恢复为B级,14例患者神经根功能障碍有1个节段下降;17例B级有16例恢复为C级;22例C级中有10例恢复为D级,12例恢复为E级;11例D级有8例恢复为E级。所有随访至1.5年的69例患者植骨融合且无内固定失败。结论局麻下经后路切开复位联合前路融合内固定治疗下颈椎关节突交锁是一种安全、有效、易于实施的方法。     

手术治疗急性无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的回顾性分析

[目的]分析前路和后路内固定治疗急性无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的临床治疗效果。[方法]对56例急性无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的患者进行颈椎前路减压、植骨及颈椎前路带锁钢板内固定术或后路减压侧块钢板螺钉内固定术。术后定期X线片观察损伤节段的稳定性和融合情况以及有无内置物并发症,以JOA评分判定脊髓功能恢复情况。[结果]56例获得随访,时间13～48个月。平均26个月。56例患者均损伤节段稳定,植骨愈合良好,无内置物并发症,脊髓功能JOA评分平均提高5.78分,取得满意疗效;前路术式与后路术式在改善脊髓功能方面无明显差异(P>0.05)。[结论]颈椎前路和后路术式治疗无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤,能使损伤节段获得即刻、坚强的稳定,解除颈髓压迫,为颈髓功能的恢复提供了有利条件。     

下颈椎小关节突脱位前路稳定手术疗效分析

目的探讨下颈椎小关节脱位前路融合内固定的临床效果。方法39例新鲜下颈椎小关节脱位患者,首先在透视下行颅骨牵引复位,34例复位成功(87％)。其中32例完成了颈前路减压、植骨内固定,5例未成功者和3例陈旧性脱位,先行后路切开复位,再一期行前路减压、植骨内固定。结果全部患者均获骨性融合,无迟发性不稳和后凸畸形,术前神经功能正常者术后无一例出现神经损害症状,不全瘫患者术后均有不同程度恢复。结论前路减压融合是治疗下颈椎小关节脱位安全、有效的方法,可获良好的生物学稳定。     

前路椎弓根螺钉重建术在下颈椎骨折脱位中的临床应用

目的：探讨前路椎弓根螺钉治疗下颈椎骨折脱位的临床疗效。方法：自2009年1月至2011年12月,运用前路椎弓根螺钉技术治疗下颈骨折脱位18例,其中男12例,女6例;年龄17-47岁,平均38．2岁。下颈椎损伤严重程度SLIC评分6—9分,平均7．5分。ASIA脊髓损伤分级：A级2例,B级8例,C级6例,D级2例。18例患者术后均摄颈椎x线片及行CT检查,在CT横断位和矢状位上对螺钉进行安全性评级。定期随访,复查颈椎X线片及CT片了解损伤节段的稳定性和融合情况,术后3个月、末次随访时以ASIA脊髓损伤分级判定脊髓功能改善情况。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间为6～15个月,平均9．5个月。术后3个月ASIA脊髓损伤分级改善1级8例,2级2例;末次随访改善1级7例,2级4例。所有患者获得骨性融合,融合时间6-8个月,平均6．5个月。术后1例出现一过性声音嘶哑,术后2个月恢复;2例出现吞咽不适,经雾化吸入后,3周左右症状消失。未出现内固定断裂及松动脱出、神经血管及食道损伤等并发症。结论：下颈椎骨折脱位导致的“三柱”损伤采用前路椎弓根螺钉重建术,可以达到彻底减压的效果,能恢复颈椎高度及生理曲度,并且具有较好的稳定性,为脊髓功能恢复创造有利条件。     

Management of fracture-dislocation of the lower cervical spine with the cervical pedicle screw system

INTRODUCTION

Usually, cervical pedicle screw fixation has been considered too risky for neurovascular structures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the method and efficacy of the cervical pedicle screw system for fracture-dislocation of the cervical spine because of its rigid fixation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A prospective study was conducted involving 48 patients with cervical spine fracture-dislocation who underwent cervical pedicle screw fixation surgery between January 2003 and January 2007. All patients had various degrees of cord injury, and they were classified according to the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale: 18 cases were grade A, 15 grade B, 10 grade C, and 5 grade D.

RESULTS

Six months after the operation, all patients had achieved solid bony fusion and stable fixation of the related segments. Thirty patients with incomplete spinal cord injury improved their ASIA Impairment Scale classification by 1 to 2 grades after the operation. Eighteen patients with complete spinal cord injury had no improvement in neural function. However, nerve root symptoms such as pain and numbness were alleviated to some extent.

CONCLUSIONS

The cervical pedicle screw system is an effective and reliable method for the restoration of cervical stability. Sufficient pre-operative imaging studies of the pedicles and strict screw insertion technique should be emphasised.     

早期前、后路联合手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突交锁

目的探讨早期前、后路联合手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突交锁的手术方法和临床疗效。方法我院自2003年6月至2007年1月对10例外伤性下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突交锁患者采用早期前、后路联合手术,先俯卧位经后路手术切开撬拨复位,再仰卧位经颈前路切开减压、自体髂骨植骨加自锁ZEPHIR钢板内固定。并对术后神经功能恢复、植骨愈合进行观察。结果10例患者术后随访时间4～24个月,平均11个月,术后神经功能评价按Frankel分级,均有1～2个级别恢复,术前A级1例,B级3例,C级5例,D级1例;术后C级2例,D级3例,E级5例。植骨均在3个月内获得临床骨性愈合,未发现内固定松动。本组术后无严重并发症。结论早期前、后路联合手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突交锁可以缩短复位时间,早期解除颈髓压迫,减轻患者痛苦,能够获得较好的神经功能恢复和骨性融合。