双锥面螺旋臼固定治疗髋关节中心性脱位的中长期临床效果分析

目的 探讨使用双锥面螺旋臼假体固定髋关节中心性脱位病例的长期临床效果.方法 1998年5月至2006年9月北京大学人民医院关节病诊疗研究中心对31例髋关节中心性脱位患者的39侧髋关节行人工全髋关节置换术或翻修术,其中男性12例,女性19例.手术时平均年龄为57.6岁(30～82岁).引起髋关节中心性脱位的病因包括:类风湿关节炎3例6髋;股骨头坏死继发髋关节炎7例12髋,人工股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损11例11髋、髋臼假体松动10例10髋.术中髋臼部分均使用双锥面螺旋臼进行生物学固定.术前Harris评分平均为31.0分(14～61分).结果 所有病例均在术后6个月、1年时随访,2例3髋患者分别因肺癌、急性心肌梗死死亡.24例31髋获得随访,平均随访时间7.4年(5.0～11.5年).末次随访时Harris评分平均为84.7分(70～95分).1例股骨头坏死行双髋同时置换患者术后右髋出现感染,行关节取出骨水泥旷置术,但因内科疾病不稳定未再行翻修术.1例类风湿关节炎患者双髋关节分期手术,术后7年随访时左侧髋臼假体有内侧轻度移位,边缘有透亮线,但患者日常功能好,无疼痛.其余所有病例双锥面螺旋臼假体全部存留,患者日常生活功能良好,对手术效果满意.结论 髋关节中心性脱位使用双锥面螺旋臼的固定效果确切,平均超过7.4年的中长期随访结果显示效果良好.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss long-term clinical results of using Zweymüller cup to treat protrusio acetabuli. Methods From May 1998 to September 2006, 31 patients with 39 hips diagnosed protrusio acetabuli were treated with Zweymtüller cup in total hip arthroplasties or revisions. There were 12 men and 19 women with average age of 57.6 years (from 30 to 82 years). The reasons causing protrusio acetabuli were as followed: rheumatoid arthritis 3 cases 6 hips, osteoarthritis followed femoral head necrosis 7 cases 12 hips, acetabular wear after hemi-arthroplasty 11 cases 11 hips and acetabular component Results All cases were followed up 6 months and one year after operations. Two patients with 3 hips were died for lung cancer and acute myocardial infarction respectively. Twenty-four cases with 31 hips got recent follow-up with average 7. 4 years (from 5.0 to 11.5 years). The average Harris score improved from 31.0 (from 14 to 61) preoperatively to 84. 7(from 70 to 95) postoperatively. There was one infection in right hip after bilateral hip arthroplasty treating by removel prosthesis and cement spacer insert. But until now this patient still did not get revision for her internal medicine. One rheumatoid arthritis patient with two-stage bilateral hip arthroplasty was found slight internal migration and loosening line of left acetabular component,but the patient had no pain with good hip function. All other cases had good hip functions and were very fixations and perfect medium and long-term clinical results for over 7.4 years.     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

Total hip arthroplasty with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Methods: Between 1995 and 2002, we implanted 23 cementless cups and femoral head autografts in 20 patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. In this study, a retrospective study was made on 21 hips in 20 patients (18 females and 2 males, aged 50 years on an average) with developmental hip dysplasia treated by THA with a cementless cup and femoral head autograft. The acetabular cup was placed at the level of the true acetabulum and all the patients required autogenous femoral head grafts due to acetabular deficiency. The average rate of the acetabular cup covered by the femoral head autograft was 31% ( ranging from 10 % to 45 % ). Eight hips had less than 25 % cup coverage and thirteen between 25% and 50%. The average follow-up period was 4.7 years (range, 1-8 years). The replacing outcome was evaluated by modified Harri ship score. Preoperative and follow-up radiographs were made. Results: All the autografts were united to the host bones. No autograft was collapsed or no component from the hip was loosed in all the patients. According to the modified Harris hip score, the average hip score increased from 46 before operation to 89 at the final review. Before operation, the leg-length discrepancy was greater than 2 cm in all the patients except one with bilateral hip dysplasia. After operation, only 2 out of 20 patients had a leg-length discrepancy greater than 1 cm. Three hips showed minor bone resorption in the lateral portion of the graft, which did not support the cup. Three hips developed Grade 1 Brooker heterotopic ossification and one developed Grade 2. Conclusions: THA with a cementless cup and a femoral head autograft for patients with osteoarthritis resulted from hip dysplasia can result in favorable outcomes. This method can provide reliable acetabnlar fixation and restore the aeetabular bone stock in patients with developmental hip dysplasia when the cementless cup covered by the graft does not exceed 50 %.     

人工髋关节翻修旋转中心重建的临床研究

目的 探讨在人工髋关节翻修手术中,根据Harris窝及髋臼切迹的残存解剖标记,定位髋臼中心点,正确安装髋臼假体和重建髋关节旋转中心的可行性.方法 2007年4月至2009年6月,行28例髋关节翻修术.依据Paprosky分型:Ⅰ型3例,采用生物固定型髋臼假体;ⅡA和ⅡB型8例,采用打压颗粒骨植骨和大直径骨水泥型髋臼假体固定;ⅡC、ⅢA和ⅢB型17例,采用打压颗粒骨植骨和髋臼加强杯固定,其中5例有髋臼内壁穿透者采用结构性和颗粒性植骨.手术中在髋臼切迹连线的垂直平分线上方25～28mm、Harris窝窝内头侧接近原月状软骨面处,定位为原髋臼中心点,以该点为同心圆的圆心安装髋臼杯假体(Ⅰ型)或打压植骨造臼,按照俯倾角40°～45°、前倾角15°～20°安放髋臼加强杯(Ⅱ、Ⅲ型).手术前后摄双侧髋关节正位X线片,测量髋关节旋转中心至两侧泪滴连线的垂直距离和至泪滴的水平距离.分别与术前和健侧比较,评价髋关节旋转中心的重建效果.结果 髋关节旋转中心至两侧泪滴连线的垂直距离:术前为(32.64±4.51)mm,术后为(14.22±3.39)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=3.65,P＜0.05).髋关节旋转中心至泪滴的水平距离:术前为(25.13±3.46)mm,术后为(32.87±4.73)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=2.72,P＜0.05).结论 在髋关节翻修手术中,以残存的Harris窝和髋臼切迹为解剖标记,定位髋臼中心点,能够较准确地安装髋臼假体和有效重建髋关节旋转中心.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the feasibility of positioning the acetabular center,fixing acetabular implant correctly and reconstructing hip rotation center according to Harris fossa and the remaining anatomical markers of acetabular notch in revision hip arthroplasty.Methods Twenty-eight patients underwent revision hip arthroplasty from April 2007 to June 2009.Based on Paprosky type,3 cases with type Ⅰ were treated with biological fixed acetabular component;8 cases with ⅡA and ⅡB were reconstructed with using of morselized bone grafting and large diameter cemented acetabular prosthesis;17 cases with type ⅡC,ⅢA and ⅢB were treated with using of morselized bone grafting and fixation of acetabular reinforcement ring.Among them,5 patients with massive bone loss in acetabular wall were reconstructed with the use of the structural and morselized bone grafting.The center of the original acetabulum was believed to be in the lunate cartilage surface which was closed to Harris fossa.During the operation,the center was located in the site which was 25-28 mm above in line with perpendicular bisector of acetabular notch connecting line.The acetabular center was the point of positioning acetabular prosthesis (Ⅰ type) or making new acetabulum by impaction bone grafting.Acetabular reinforcement ring (Ⅱ,Ⅲ type) was fixed in accordance with proper transverse angle and anteversion angle.The vertical distance from hip rotation center to teardrop connection and the horizontal distance from hip rotation center to teardrop were measured on preoperative and postoperative radiograph.And the outcomes of reconstruction of rotation center were evaluated.Results The vertical distance was changed from (14.22±3.39) mm preoperatively to (32.64±4.51) mm postoperatively.The difference was statistically significant (t=3.65,P＜ 0.05).The horizontal distance was changed from (25.13±3.46)mm preoperatively to (32.87±4.73) mm postoperatively.The difference was statistically significant (t=2.72,P＜0.05).Conclusion Using residual Harris fossa and acetabular notch as the anatomical markers in revision hip arthroplasty,the restoration of the anatomical hip center has shown to be favorable.     

人工全髋关节置换治疗髋臼内陷症的早期疗效

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换治疗髋臼内陷症的方法及早期疗效。方法 2006年1月-2010年2月,收治髋臼内陷症16例16髋。男6例,女10例;年龄39～72岁,平均56.5岁。病程1年6个月～35年,中位病程6.4年。左髋7例,右髋9例。原发性3例,继发性13例。髋关节Harris评分为(49.5±5.5)分。髋臼内陷按Dunlop等的诊断标准分度:轻度3例,中度9例,重度4例。患者均行人工全髋关节置换,髋臼重建时采用植骨及非骨水泥型髋臼假体恢复患髋股骨偏心距及髋臼旋转中心。结果术后16例切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。患者均获随访,随访时间12～62个月,平均37个月。末次随访时,髋关节Harris评分为(90.5±4.5)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=49.578,P=0.000)。X线片显示假体位置良好,无松动、下沉,植骨与髋臼融合,无髋臼再次内陷。结论人工全髋关节置换治疗髋臼内陷时,采用植骨及非骨水泥型髋臼假体恢复患髋股骨偏心距及髋臼旋转中心,可获满意早期疗效。     

类风湿性关节炎继发严重髋臼内陷的全髋关节置换

目的探讨类风湿性关节炎继发严重髋臼内陷患者行全髋关节置换术治疗的临床疗效。 方法2011年1月至2014年11月,对解放军兰州总医院收治18例(20髋)类风湿性关节炎的严重髋臼内陷患者进行随访观察,其中男6例,女12例;年龄37～68岁,平均(46±8)岁。纳入病例均类风湿性关节炎继发严重髋臼内陷,髋臼内陷依Sotello-Garza和Charnley分型：Ⅰ型(内陷1～5 mm)0例,Ⅱ型(内陷6～15 mm)15例(17髋),Ⅲ型(内陷>15 mm)3例(3髋)。排除标准为先天性、创伤性或髋关节骨关节炎所继发的髋臼内陷。手术采用后外侧入路,股骨颈截骨后股骨头逆行取出,取自体松质颗粒骨打压植骨重建髋臼,采用压配方式植入生物型多孔髋臼假体。随访时采用Harris髋关节评分评估髋关节功能,X线平片观察假体是否有松动和再次内陷以及植骨愈合情况。对手术前、后髋关节功能、股骨头中心到Kohler线的距离等计量资料采用t检验分析。 结果手术时间为55～131 min,平均(89±8)min。失血量为165～480 ml,平均(295±11)ml。术中未发生血管、神经损伤以及髋臼和股骨劈裂骨折。随访时间2.5～6年,平均(4.5±1.7)年。术后X线片示4.5个月自体移植骨均与髋臼融合。末次随访的Harris髋关节评分由术前(55±9)分(40～65分)提高至(92±13)分(89～95分),差异有统计学意义(t ＝22.81,P <0.01)。股骨头中心到Kohler线的距离由置换前的(20± 4)mm增加到置换后的(21±3)mm,差异有统计学意义(t ＝2.312,P <0.01);随访期间均无髋臼假体松动发生。 结论类风湿性关节炎继发严重髋臼内陷的髋臼骨质菲薄且局部骨质疏松严重,髋臼形态不规则。采用自体股骨头颗粒骨移植填充髋臼结合生物型钽金属骨小梁髋臼杯假体,可恢复髋关节旋转中心并获得满意的近中期临床效果。     

全髋置换术中髋臼内陷的处理

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术中髋臼内陷的处理方法及早期疗效。方法 2006年7月至2012年12月,收治继发性髋臼内陷症21例28髋,男12例17髋,女9例11髋;年龄26~68岁,平均56.3岁;原发疾病:类风湿关节炎9例14髋,强直性脊柱炎6例8髋,感染4例4髋(结核和化脓性关节炎各2例2髋),髋臼骨折畸形愈合2例2髋;轻度髋臼内陷6髋、中度髋臼内陷12髋、重度髋臼内陷10髋。患者均行人工全髋关节置换,术中单纯植入生物型臼杯6髋,打压植骨后直接植入生物型臼杯18髋,直接植入骨水泥杯2髋,打压植骨后骨水泥杯固定2髋。结果术后21例28髋切口均一期愈合,无感染及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。患者均获随访,随访时间12~78个月,平均42个月。末次随访时,髋关节Harris评分为(87±4.1)分,术前Harris髋关节评分平均(45±3.3)分,较术前有显著差异,优22髋,良6髋,优良率100%。臼杯平均外翻角(42±3.5)°。植骨均骨性融合,无臼杯再次内陷及松动。髋关节活动度增加:屈曲增加(64.3±4.5)°,外展增加(20.5±3.5)°,内旋增加(16.5±2.5)°,外旋增加(19±2.5)°。末次随访时X线片显示所有假体均获得骨性稳定。术前股骨头内陷3~30 mm,平均13 mm;术后股骨头内陷0~5 mm,平均2 mm。人工股骨头旋转中心外移3~28 mm,平均10.5 mm。假体位置良好,无松动、下沉,植骨与髋臼融合,无髋臼再次内陷。结论人工全髋关节置换治疗髋臼内陷时,恢复患髋股骨偏心距及髋臼旋转中心,可获满意早期疗效。     

全髋置换术治疗强直髋合并髋臼内陷的临床疗效观察

目的探讨全髋置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎后期强直髋合并髋臼内陷症的围手术期管理、手术策略、中远期疗效观察。 方法2003年7月至2013年10月期间,青岛市海慈医疗集团创伤骨科收治强直性脊柱炎伴强直髋合并髋臼内陷患者19例,共23髋,均为符合国际脊柱关节炎协会(ASAS)2010年中轴型脊柱关节炎诊断标准的强直性脊柱炎,对其实施生物型人工全髋置换术,其中男16例,女3例,双髋病例4例。年龄32～65岁,平均(41.5±0.5)岁。组内患者强直性脊柱炎(AS)病程至手术前为10～42年,平均病程(22.3±1.3)年;术前术后进行Harris评分,并记录髋关节总活动度。采用配对样本t检验,对术前术后Harris功能评分及髋关节活动度进行分析。 结果术后共有17例21髋得到随访,平均随访时间(45.2±2.7)个月。末次随访疼痛评分为(40.50±0.71),较术前评分(11.80±3.32)提高,差异有统计学意义(t＝ 11.17,P <0.01)。功能评分由术前(7.10±1.10),提高到术后的(39.70±2.02),差异有统计学意义(t ＝8.83,P <0.01)。术后髋关节总活动度较术前明显改善(t ＝8.78,P <0.01)。 结论人工全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼内陷症安全有效,髋臼重建尽可能使用植骨术及非骨水泥假体,以获得更好的中远期疗效。     

Primary total hip arthroplasty using a dual-geometry cup to treat protrusio acetabuli

This retrospective study examined the results of 29 total hip arthroplasties on patients with protrusio acetabuli, implanted with a dual-geometry shell with a mean follow-up of 48 months (range, 24-110). All surgeries were performed using a conical reamer in addition to a spherical reamer with morsellized autogenous graft packed into the medial acetabular protrusio defect. The Harris Hip Score increased from 41 to 85. There were no cases of aseptic loosening of the acetabular component by radiographic criteria. In 93% of the cases (27 hips), the bone graft appeared incorporated, and in 83% of the cases (24 hips), there were no radiolucent lines present. Using a 2-stage technique of bone preparation to insert a dual-geometry acetabular cup, excellent results were obtained in these 29 hips.     

应用非骨水泥髋臼或金属髋臼支架行髋关节翻修术的临床研究

目的 评估非骨水泥髋臼及金属髋臼支架加植骨修复髋臼骨缺损的效果.方法 我院自2001年9月至2008年9月应用髋臼翻修支架行髋关节翻修术22例(24髋).其中Lima非骨水泥人工翻修髋臼2例(2髋),Kerboull 支架2例(2髋),GAP 髋臼翻修支架18例(20髋).男性6例(6髋),女性16例(18髋).平均年龄62岁(34～79岁).感染性松动2例(2髋),无菌松动20例(22髋).平均随访时间48个月(18～84个月),对其进行临床和影像学评估.Harris评分术前平均为56分(44～75分).结果 末次随访时22例患者Harris评分平均为89分(78～94分).优良率为95.5%(21/22).三种髋臼翻修支架的外展角满意,髋臼旋转中心基本得到了重建.髋臼翻修支架及其聚氯乙烯臼无明显移位,假体周围无透亮线,髋臼植骨愈合良好.结论 应用非骨水泥髋臼或髋臼支架修复髋臼侧巨大骨缺损,重建了髋臼正常旋转中心、提供了翻修假体的初期稳定性、避免了所植骨在血管化时期的过度机械负重,是翻修髋臼巨大骨缺损的可靠方法.     

Primary total hip arthroplasty in protrusio acetabuli using impacted morsellized bone grafting and cementless cups: a medium-term radiographic review

Thirty primary total hip arthroplasties were performed for protrusio acetabuli in 23 patients (mean age, 46 years) using impacted autologous bone grafting and a cementless porous-coated hemispheric cup without the use of metal cages or rings. At 2 to 10 years' follow-up (mean, 4.2 years), there was satisfactory radiographic evidence of consolidation of the graft in all cases. All acetabular components were considered to be stable with no instance of graft resorption. Clinical results were considered as excellent in 14 hips, good in 13 hips, fair in 2 hips, and poor in 1 hip. For younger patients with protrusio acetabuli, use of an uncemented porous-coated hemispheric cup with peripheral press-fit fixation and restoration of bone stock with impacted autologous bone grafting reflect a technically straightforward procedure that appears to give satisfactory medium-term results.     

采用小臼杯置换与髋臼加深行全髋关节置换治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋脱位

目的：总结CroweⅣ型先天性髋脱位采用小臼杯置换和髋臼加深行全髋关节置换术治疗的手术方法和疗效。方法：自2000年1月至2005年12月,共收治14例（16髋）患者,其中男2例,女12例;单髋12例,双髋2例;年龄38-75岁,平均49岁。所有患者均符合Crowe分型标准的Ⅳ型诊断。手术指征：因髋关节严重疼痛和下肢不等长影响日常行走和活动者。臼杯均采用金属杯＋聚乙烯内衬组装设计,外径42-44mm,内径22．225mm,聚乙烯内衬厚6～7mm,其中Duraloc（Depuy,Warsaw,USA）10髋,PressfitSⅡ（LINK,Germany）6髋。全部患者均采用髋臼内壁磨锉加深,以改善髋臼对臼杯的覆盖,无一例因臼杯覆盖不满意而采用大块骨植骨加盖。评定指标：手术前、后的髋关节功能均采用Harris标准评分,臀中肌按5级肌力标准和Trendelenburg征检查。术后X线摄片检查包括臼杯的固定区域（真臼区的大小和位置按Ranawat三角测量法确定）、覆盖度（以臼杯最内和最外缘距离的百分率表示）以及外展角等。结果：术后X线摄片显示臼杯负重区获髋臼覆盖达98％以上,臼杯平均从Ranawat三角内移（5．8±1．2）mm,上移（6．2±1．7）mm。随访3-9年,髋关节功能从术前的25～32分改善至手术后1年的90~98分。X线片显示：加深后的髋臼内壁缺损和骨水泥覆盖区均在手术4-8个月后获骨性愈合,聚乙烯内衬线性磨损率每年（0．10±0．03）mm,至今无一髋需行翻修术治疗,也无一髋假体显示有肯定松动或可能松动以及骨溶解。结论：采用小臼杯置换与髋臼加深行全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅣ型髋脱位具有手术简单、创伤小、恢复快等优点,且早、中期疗效满意。     

Cementless Acetabular Socket Revisions Using Metasul Metal-on-Metal Bearings

Thirty-four hips were treated with cementless acetabular socket revisions using a metal-on-metal bearing. The causes of revision were aseptic loosening in 33 hips and septic loosening in 1 hip. Revisions were performed for acetabular sockets in 28 hips and for acetabular sockets and femoral stems in 6 hips. Mean follow-up duration was 6.2 years (range, 4.0-9.1 years), and mean Harris Hip Scores improved from 56 to 92 points. No hip required further revision for aseptic loosening. Focal femoral osteolysis newly developed in zone I in 1 hip, which was treated by curettage and bone grafting. The authors suggest that second-generation metal-on-metal bearings in cementless acetabular socket revisions can achieve good medium-term clinical and radiographic results.