后稳型旋转平台高屈曲假体与普通假体置换后的膝关节功能比较

目的 探讨后稳型旋转平台高屈曲假体膝关节置换的手术适应证及其在改善膝关节功能方面的优越性.方法 应用前瞻性随机对照研究方法,将2009年2月至2009年4月经门、急诊收治的膝关节骨关节炎患者75例94膝随机分为两组,一组接受后稳型旋转平台普通假体置换(PFC sigma RP假体),另一组接受后稳型旋转平台高屈曲假体置换(PFC sigma RPF假体).两组患者的一般情况及术前特种外科医院(the Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS)膝关节评分和膝关节活动范围差异均无统计学意义.根据患者入院顺序再次随机化,由3名术者抽签决定各自的手术对象.术后1、6、12及18个月复查HSS评分及膝关节活动范围,术后18个月对患者进行满意度问卷调查.所有患者术前、术后第3天、3、6、12和18个月拍摄术侧膝关节正、侧位和双下肢站立位全长X线片.结果 70例87膝完成最终随访,普通组33例46膝,高屈曲组34例41膝.术后18个月普通组HSS膝关节评分(92.4±5.0)分,高屈曲组(94.7±7.0)分,两组差异无统计学意义;普通组膝关节活动范围123.0°±15.3°,高屈曲组131.9°±14°,两组差异有统计学意义,高屈曲组大于普通组,但未达到样本量估计时所设定的20°.术后18个月,两组患者的手术满意率均为100%.结论 高屈曲假体与普通假体置换的近期疗效相似.高屈曲假体未显示出在膝关节屈曲活动范围方面的优势.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the indication and the functional advantages of the high-flexion posterior stabilized (PS) rotating-platform mobile-bearing (RP-MB) total knee system. Methods A prospective randomized, controlled trial was performed. Osteoarthritis was the indicators for total knee arthroplasty.From Feb. 2009 to Apr. 2009, 75 patients (94 knees) were randomly assigned to to receive either a highflexion PS, RP-MB total knee system(PFC sigma RPF) or a standard one (PFC sigma RP). There were no statistical difference in the baselines, the preoperative scores of the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) and the knee range of motion (ROM) of both groups. The functional status were assessed with Hospital for Special Surgery and the ROM of the knee at the postoperative 1, 6, 12, 18 months. The satisfaction rates were assessed at the postoperative 18 months. The radiographic measurements were t assessed at the postoperative 3days and 3, 6, 12, 18 months. Results A total of 70 participants (87 knees) completed the 18-month followup. At the time of the final follow-up, the average Hospital for Special Surgery knee score was 92.4±5.0points in the standard group and 94.7±7.0 points in the high-flex ion group. The difference was not statistically significant(P ＞0.05). The average maximal flexion was 131.9±14 degrees in the high-flexion group and 123.0±15.3 degrees in the standard group. There was a statistical difference. But it was not enough to confirm our hypothesis that the difference should be higher than 10 degrees. Moreover, the satisfaction rate were 100% in both groups, and no statistical significant difference was found. Conclusion No significant differences were found between standard and high-flexion posterior-stabilized rotating-platform mobile-bearing total knee prostheses in terms of clinical outcomes or range of motion.     

study of anatomical location of the low tibial tunnel in posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction based on CT images北大核心CSCD

Objective To measure the anatomical parameters of the simulated low tibial tunnel of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) based on knee CT images so as to provide clinical reference for accurate location of the tunnel. Methods The CT images of 201 healthy knee joints collected at Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from June 2016 to September 2021 were used for simulation of the PCL low tibial tunnel. The anatomical parameters of the tibial tunnel were measured using the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer. The primary measures included the angle between tibial plateau and tibial tunnel (ATPT) and the perpendicular distances from the tibial tunnel entrance and exit point to the tibial plateau (L1 and L2). The secondary measures included the angle between tibial plateau and posterior slope (PSA), the angle between tibial anatomical axis and central line of tibial tunnel (ATAA), the angle between posterior tibial slope line and the central line of tibial tunnel (APST), the anterior and posterior diameter of tibial plateau (APD), the length of posterior tibial slope (LPTS), and the length of tibial tunnel (LTT). The measurement results were analyzed according to the body height (divided into 3 groups: a 1.00 to 1.60 m group, a 1.61 to 1.70 m group, and a ≥1.71 m group) and gender using the software IBM SPSS 26. Results The primary measures: ATPT was 37.0°±4.5°, and L1 and L2 were respectively (57.8±7.4) mm and (34.5±3.3) mm. The secondary measures: PSA 128.1°±5.4°, ATAA 52.7°±4.1°, APST 89.1°±5.9°, APD was (32.9±2.6) mm, LPTS (20.5±2.4) mm, and LTT (40.9±5.7) mm. After grouping by gender, there was no significant difference in PSA between men and women (P>0.05) while there were significant differences in the other indexes between men and women (P<0.05). After grouping by body height, there was no significant difference in ATPT, PSA, APST or ATAA between the 3 groups (1.00 to 1.60 m group, 1.61 to 1.70 m group and ≥1.71 m group) (P>0.05) while there were significant differences in L1, L2, APD, LPTS and LTT between the 3 groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Based on the knee CT images, the primary measures of PCL low tibial tunnel are as follows: the angle between tibial plateau and tibial tunnel is 37.0°±4.5°, and the perpendicular distances from the tibial tunnel entrance and exit point to the tibial plateau are (57.8±7.4) mm and (34.5±3.3) mm, respectively. Gender and body height are the important factors influencing the above measurement outcomes. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. All rights reserved.     

膝关节软骨人体标本解剖与磁共振成像的比较研究

目的 探讨膝关节尸体标本解剖与磁共振成像(MRI)三维序列-扰相梯度回波序列(3D-FS-SPGR)测量关节软骨厚度的差异,并分析软骨组织主要成分在关节软骨不同位置的差异.方法选用国人青壮年中等身材、无明显关节病变的成年男性尸体膝关节标本2具,首先进行3D-FS-SPGR序列矢状位扫描.复冻后按解剖部位进行矢状位解剖,分别对股骨及胫骨内、外髁负重区前、后面及髌骨面软骨厚度进行测量.关节软骨石蜡切片进行维多利亚蓝-丽春红复合染色并观察.结果 软骨尸体标本解剖与3D-FS-SPGR序列测得的膝关节软骨厚度:股骨外侧髁前负重面平均分别为2.25、2.25 mm,股骨外侧髁后负重面平均分别为2.70、2.75 mm,胫骨外侧髁前负重面平均分别为2.00、2.10 mm;胫骨外侧髁后负重而平均分别为2.35、2.25 mm,股骨内侧髁前负重面平均分别为2.20、2.20 mm,股骨内侧髁后负重面平均分别为2.15、2.30 mm,胫骨内侧髁前负重面半均分别为2.20、2.45mm,胫骨内侧髁后负重面平均分别为2.70、2.95 mm,髌骨面软骨平均分别为3.08、3.15 mm.软骨组织学染色显示:关节软骨表层胶原纤维含量相对较多,软骨细胞及其周围基质相对较少;在关节软骨深层,胶原纤维含量相对较少,而软骨及软骨周围基质相对较多.结论 3D-FS-SPGR序列能够相对真实地反映关节软骨的形态及厚度.胶原纤维主要集中在软骨表层,其分布与软骨的功能相一致.

Abstract：

Objective To compare corpse sampling and MR imaging with 3D-FS-SPGR sequences in measurement of the articular cartilage thickness and to investigate knee cartilage topography. Methods Two fresh specimens of the knee joint were obtained from 2 normal young adult male corpses of medium stature. MR1 scanning was carried on the 2 specimens in sagittal 3D-FS-SPGR MR sequences. After defrosted,the knee specimens were dissected longitudinally, and the cartilage thicknesses were measured at different locations of the knee joint. Paraffin sections of the knee cartilage were observed following compound staining with victoria blue and ponceau red. Results The average cartilage thicknesses measured by dissection and MR imaging sequence were respectively: 2. 25 mm and 2. 25 mm at the anterior weight-loading surface of the femoral lateral condyle, 2. 70 mm and 2. 75 mm at the posterior weight-loading surface of the femoral lateral condyle, 2. 00 mm and 2. 10 mm at the anterior weight-loading surface of the tibial lateral condyle,2. 35 mm and 2. 25 mm at the posterior weight-loading surface of the tibial lateral condyle, 2. 20 mm and 2. 20mm at the anterior weight-loading surface of the femoral medial condyle, 2. 15 mm and 2. 30 mm al the posterior weight-loading surface of the femoral medial condyle, 2. 20 mm and 2.45 mm at the anterior weight-loading surface of the tibial medial condyle, 2. 70 mm and 2. 95 mm at the posterior weight-loading surface of the tibial medial condyle and 3. 08 mm and 3. 15 mm at patella cartilage surface. Collagen fibers were rich at the periphery of the articular cartilage with sparse chondrocytes and matrixes, while the opposite was observed at the center of the articular cartilage. Conclusions MR imaging with 3D-FS-SPGR sequences can display the actual knee cartilage topography. Collagen fibers mainly concentrate at the periphery of the articular cartilage, which accounts for the function of the articular cartilage.     

股骨后踝偏心距对行高屈曲型假体全膝关节置换术患者功能恢复的影响

目的：探究股骨后踝偏心距(Posterior condylar offset,PCO)对于行高屈曲型假体全膝关节置换术(Total knee arthroplasty,TKA)患者功能恢复的影响。方法：回顾性分析2018年7月-2020年7月于笔者医院初次行单侧高屈曲型假体TKA患者73例一般资料,根据PCO值不同进行分组,PCO≤-3 mm组、-3 mm相似文献   

Akagi胫骨前后轴在全膝关节置换术中的定位作用

Objective To investigate the relationship between tibial anteroposterior axis and other anatomic landmarks in determining the rotation of tibial prosthesis in total knee arthroplasty using computed tomography. Methods Transverse CT scans of 40 volunteers' right knee in full extension were made. The anteroposterior axis of the tibia was defined as a line which was perpendicular to the transepicondylar axis and passing through the middle point of the posterior crnciate ligament. At the tibial plateau and optimum re-section level, the mean medial percentage width of intersection point of the patellar tendon anti the antero-posterior axis was measured. The mean angle between the anteroposterior axis and a line connecting the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament and the medial of the patellar tendon and the medial 1/3 of the patellar tendon were measured. Results At the tibial plateau level, the mean medial percentage width of intersection point of the patellar tendon was 10.1%±8.3%. At the optimum resection level, the mean medial percentage width of intersection point of the patellar tendon was 0.2%±10.0%. At the optimum resection lev-el, the mean angle between the anteroposterior axis and a line connecting the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament and the medial of the patellar tendon was 0.1°±2.7°. The mean angle between the anteroposterior axis and a line connecting the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament anti the medial 1/3 of the patellar tendon was 10.3°±3.6°. Conclusion There was a tendency to align the tibial component in external rotation relative to the femoral component when the medial 1/3 of the patellar tendon was used. The line connecting the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament and the medial of the patellar tendon can be used as a reliable axis for correct rotational orientation of the tibial component.     

全膝关节置换术中股骨后髁个体化截骨方法与临床应用

目的 介绍一种术前精确测量股骨后髁角(posterior condylar angle,PCA)的方法并行临床应用,比较使用传统参考股骨后髁线(posterior femoral condylar line,PCL)外旋3°截骨和个体化测量PCA截骨行人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,...     

髌骨软骨破坏程度对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术疗效的影响

目的 探讨髌骨软骨破坏程度对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术疗效的影响.方法 2002年1月至2006年5月行全膝关节置换术163例244膝,根据术中观察到的髌骨软骨破坏程度将患者分为轻度、中度、重度软骨破坏三组.所有手术均不置换髌骨.术后随访88例133膝,轻度组42膝,中度组43膝,重度组48膝.采用美国膝关节学会评分(Knee Society Score,KSS)系统(包括膝评分和膝功能评分)和膝前痛评分系统对三组疗效进行评估.结果 随访48～102个月,平均72个月.KSS膝评分和膝功能评分从术前(35.1±5.4)分和(19.2±9.8)分分别提高到(91.7±5.6)分和(83.7±17.5)分.三组KSS膝评分从术前(34.7±6.2)分、(36.5±5.2)分、(35.3±6.2)分分别提高至(92.6±4.5)分、(90.5±6.7)分、(91.9±5.9)分;膝功能评分从术前(14.2±8.6)分、(16.5±7.4)分、(17.0±7.5)分分别提高至(86.6±12.6)分、(82.0±17.2)分、(82.8±21.1)分.三组术后膝评分和膝功能评分的差异均无统计学意义.术后膝前痛的发生率为11.3%(15/133),轻度、中度、重度软骨破坏组分别为11.9%(5/42)、11.6%(5/43)、10.4%(5/48),差异无统计学意义.结论 全膝关节置换术后疗效及膝前痛的发生率与术前髌骨软骨破坏程度无关,髌骨软骨破坏程度不是全膝关节置换术中置换髌骨的可靠依据.

Abstract：

Objective To determine whether there was any correlation between the degree of degenerative changes in the patellar cartilage and the clinical outcome after TKA without patellar resurfacing.Methods A clinical study was performed on 133 knees of 88 patients that underwent TKA without patellar resurfacing from January 2002 to May 2006. According to the degenerative condition of the patellar cartilage,patients was classified as mild group, moderate group, and severe group. Pre- and post-operative evaluations were performed using the knee and function scores of the Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSS) and Anterior Knee Pain Rating. Results The duration of follow-up was 72 months (range 48-102). The overall knee score of KSS in all patients were improved from 35.1±5.4 preoperatively to 91.7±5.6 postoperatively,and function score of KSS from 19.2±9.8 preoperatively to 83.7±17.5 postoperatively. The mean knee scores of KSS were improved from 34.7±6.2, 36.5±5.2 and 35.3±6.2 preoperatively to 92.6±4.5, 90.5±6.7 and 91.9±5.9 in mild, moderate, and severe group postoperatively, respectively. The mean function scores of KSS were improved from 14.2±8.6, 16.5±7.4 and 17.0±7.5 postoperatively to 86.6±12.6, 82.0±17.2 and 82.8±21.1 in mild, moderate, and severe group postoperatively, respectively. There was no difference among all groups with regard to the postoperative knee scores and function scores of KSS. The prevalence of anterior knee pain was 11.3% in all, and 11.9% in mild group, 11.6% in moderate group and 10.4% in severe group. There was no difference among all groups with regard to the anterior knee pain. Conclusion The clinical outcome and anterior knee pain after TKA without patellar resurfacing was not correlated with the severity of degenerative changes in the patellar cartilage. The degree of degenerative condition of the patellar cartilage is not indication for patellar resurfacing.     

股骨后髁偏率对后稳定型TKA术后功能恢复的影响

目的探讨后稳定型全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后股骨后髁偏率(posterior femoral condylar offset ratio,PCOR)的变化对关节功能恢复的影响。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年1月在徐州医科大学附属医院接受单侧后稳定型全膝关节置换术治疗的53例女性骨关节炎患者的临床资料,其中左膝25例,右膝28例;年龄56~75岁,平均(63.57±5.90)岁。根据术前、术后股骨后髁偏率的改善值将患者分为A组(不变或增大)和B组(减小)。采用末次随访时的膝关节主、被动活动范围、美国膝关节协会评分(knee society score,KSS)、西大略湖麦克马斯特大学(Western Ontario McMaster Universities,WOMAC)评分评估两组患者关节功能。对术后PCOR改善值与各临床指标进行相关性分析。结果53例患者均获得随访,随访时间12~15个月,平均13个月。A组、B组股骨后髁偏率改善值分别为(0.03±0.02)及(-0.03±0.02)。末次随访时,两组患者膝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)比较差异无统计学意义。A组患者术后KSS行走、爬楼评分分别为(41.96±5.17)分及(45.22±4.88)分,B组患者平均为(36.17±5.52)分及(39.67±4.14)分,两组术后WOMAC评分分别为(18.34±6.91)分及(23.57±9.26)分,均较术前明显改善且A组优于B组,差异有统计学意义。股骨后髁偏率的改善值与术后主、被动屈曲角度、屈曲角度的改善值、WOMAC评分均无相关性。PCOR改善值与行走、爬楼评分呈正相关。结论PCOR的改变对后稳定型TKA术后ROM无显著影响,但恢复或适当增加PCOR可以获得更好的膝关节功能。     

多件式人工颈椎间盘置换在神经根型颈椎病中的应用及疗效观察

目的 探讨前路人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效.方法 2008年3月至2009年11月,共67例神经根型颈椎病患者采用Mobi-C人工颈椎间盘假体行颈前路人工间盘置换术,术后3 d、3、6个月、1年及以上进行随访观察,采用SF-36健康调查评分(SF-36)及疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估临床疗效.术前及术后行颈椎正侧位及动力位X线片检查观察手术节段的椎间高度、活动度(ROM)和异位骨化的情况.结果 67例患者,随访51例,失访16例,随访时间13～31个月,平均19.7个月.所有患者临床症状均明显改善,术前及术后SF-36评分6个维度及VAS评分差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).VAS颈痛由术前4.6±0.4减少至术后的2.0±0.5,VAS臂痛由术前6.5±0.4降低至术后的1.3±0.4.椎间隙高度术前为(6.5±1.1)mm,末次复查为(7.7 ±0.9)mm,两者间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).手术节段ROM术前为7.2°±3.1°,术后末次随访为8.1°±3.2°,两者间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).24例(47.0%)患者术后1年出现手术节段异位骨化(McAfee Ⅰ级17例,Ⅱ级7例),但无相应临床症状,未见其他手术相关并发症发生.结论 人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗神经根型颈椎病能有效的改善神经功能及临床症状,并可维持颈椎活动度、恢复椎间高度和颈椎生理弧度,近期疗效满意.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of cervical arthroplasty with Mobi-C prosthesis for treatment of cervicalspondylotic radiculopathy.Methods From March 2008 to November 2009,a group of 67 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were analyzed retrospectively.The short form-36 physical component summary(SF-36)and visual analogue scale(VAS)score were used to compare clinical outcome pre-and postoperatively.The follow-up was performed at 3 d,3 months,6 months and 1 year postoperatively.Static and dynamic radiography were taken to evaluate height of disc space,range of motion(ROM)and heterotopic ossification(HO)of index levels.Results Fifty-one cases were followed up,16 cases were lost.Average follow-up was for 19.7 months(13-31 months).All of patients had improvement for clinical symptoms.There was a significant difference on SF-36 between pre-and postoperatively.The significant difference was found in VAS score in which neck pain was decreased from preoperative 4.6 ± 0.4 to postoperative 2.0 ± 0.5(P＜0.05),arm pain was decreased from preoperative 6.5 ± 0.4 to postoperative 1.3 ±0.4(P ＜0.05).There was a significant difference in height of disc space which was increased from preoperative(6.5 ± 1.1)mm to(7.7 ± 0.9)mm(P ＜0.05).ROM was increased from preoperative 7.2°±3.1° to latest follow-up 8.1°±3.2°,however,no significant difference was found concerning ROM pre- and postoperatively(P＞0.05).No other complications were met during follow-up period other than the 17 cases of heterotopic ossification in Class Ⅰ ,the 7 cases in Class Ⅱ in 1 year postoperatively,but no any correlation were found between the radiographic finding in HO and clinical symptoms.Conclusions Cervical arthroplasty with Mobi-C could improve neurofunctional symptoms,maintain ROM of index level and height of disc space.For accurate patient selection,long term follow-up is still needed in prospective randomized study.     

传统与改良Elmslie-Trillat术治疗髌骨不稳定的生物力学比较

目的 评价传统与改良Elmslie-Trillat术治疗髌骨不稳定的生物力学特性,为改良Elmslie-Trillat术治疗髌骨不稳定提供生物力学依据.方法 先对12具新鲜冰冻成人尸体膝关节完整标本(完整膝关节组,12具)进行生物力学测试测量髌骨移位距离,切断内侧髌股韧带制成髌骨不稳定模型(髌骨不稳定模型组,12具)后再测量髌骨移位距离,然后随机再分为2组(传统Elmslie-Trillat术组及改良Elmslie-Trillat术组,每组6具标本)分别采用传统和改良Elmslie-Trillat术矫正.膝关节屈曲30°位固定胫骨及股骨端,将标本安装在MTS-858实验机上,通过髌骨中心外侧施加20 N的载荷,测量髌骨移位距离.结果 完整膝关节组、髌骨不稳定模型组、传统Elmslie-Trillat术组及改良Elmslie-Trillat术组的髌骨外侧移位距离平均分别为(6.2±0.6)、(11.3±0.9)、(6.4±0.8)、(6.7±0.8)mm,4组外侧减内侧移位距离平均分别为(-1.5±0.5)、(3.5±0.4)、(-1.4±1.0)、(-1.3±1.0)mm.髌骨不稳定模型组的外侧移位距离和外侧减内侧移位距离分别与其他3组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);完整膝关节组、传统Elmslie-Trillat术组及改良Elmslie-Trillat术组的外侧移位距离和外侧减内侧移位距离比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 内侧髌股韧带是髌骨的主要稳定因素.与传统Elmslie-Trillat术比较,改良Elmslie-Trillat术同样能改善髌骨异常力线,减少相同应力下的髌骨位移.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the biomechanical performance of the modified Elmslie-Trillat procedure in the treatment of patellar instability as compared with traditional Elmslie-Trillat procedure.Methods Twelve fresh frozen cadaveric specimens of intact knee joint were used in this study.First biomechanical measurements were performed to compare the patellar displacements between the intact knee joints and models of patellar instability which were made by cutting the medial patellofemoral ligaments.Next the models of patellar instability were randomized into 2 groups for treatments with traditional and modified Elmslie-Trillat procedures respectively.After the tibiofemoral joint was held at 30 degrees of flexion, a load of 20 N was applied to the lateral center of the patella.The patellar displacements were measured with transducers in an Instron Testing System.Results The lateral patellar displacement was respectively 6.2 ±0.6 mm, 11.3 ± 0.9 mm, 6.4 ± 0.8 mm and 6.7 ± 0.8 mm and the lateral minus medial patellar displacement was respectively - 1.5 ± 0.5 mm, 3.5 ± 0.4 mm, - 1.4 ± 1.0 mm and - 1.3 ± 1.0 mm for the 4 groups of intact knee joint, patellar instability, traditional Elmslie-Trillat procedure treatment and modified Elmslie-Trillat procedure treatment.There were significant differences in both of the patellar displacements between the patellar instability group and the other 3 groups ( P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in both of the patellar displacements among the 3 groups of intact knee joint, traditional Elmslie-Trillat procedure treatment and modified Elmslie-Trillat procedure treatment ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Since the medial patellofemoral ligament is a main stable factor for patella, patellar abnormal traction can be improved and patellar displacement can be reduced under the same loading by both modified and traditional Elmslie-Trillat procedures.     

影响骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后关节功能的相关因素分析

[目的]探讨影响骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后关节功能的相关因素.[方法]对41例43膝骨关节炎终末期行全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)患者术前、术后半年的膝关节功能进行HSS评分,应用Pearson相关分析及多重线性回归对术后膝关节HSS评分与患者年龄、体重指数、疼痛评分、术前膝关节活动度(ROM)、内翻畸形程度、手术前后股骨前髁偏距(ACO)变化情况,术后胫骨平台后倾角(PSA)等因素进行统计分析;并分析手术前后股骨前髁偏距(ACO)变化情况,术后胫骨平台后倾角(PSA)与术后膝关节ROM之间的关系.[结果]Pearson相关分析结果可以看出术前疼痛评分、术前膝关节ROM、术后胫骨平台PSA、手术前后股骨ACO变化与术后膝关节功能HSS评分呈正相关;体重指数、膝内翻畸形程度与术后膝关节功能HSS评分呈负相关.逐步回归分析经筛选后纳入方程的变量只有术后胫骨平台PSA (P＜0.01)、术前疼痛功能评分(P＜0.01)、体重指数(P＜0.05),根据标准回归系数的绝对值大小排序,对应变量的作用排序为术后胫骨平台PSA (0.555)＞术前疼痛评分(0.357)＞体重指数(0.187).ACO术前大于术后组的患者术后膝关节ROM明显好于ACO术前小于术后组(P＜0.05).术后胫骨平台PSA 7°～9°组术后膝关节活动度最好.[结论](1)术前疼痛评分、术前膝关节ROM、术后胫骨平台PSA、术前术后股骨ACO变化与术后膝关节HSS评分呈正相关,体重指数、膝关节内翻畸形与术后膝关节功能HSS评分呈负相关;(2)术后胫骨平台PSA、术前疼痛评分、体重指数对术后半年膝关节HSS评分影响显著;(3)股骨ACO变化对术后膝关节活动度有影响,术后胫骨平台PSA7°～9°膝关节活动度好.     

胫骨后倾截骨对后十字韧带保留型全膝关节置换术疗效的影响

目的 探讨胫骨后倾截骨对后十字韧带保留型全膝关节置换术后临床疗效的影响.方法 2008年1月至2009年3月应用胫骨后倾5°截骨(后倾组)进行后十字韧带保留型全膝关节置换治疗骨关节炎患者27例(27膝),男7例7膝,女20例20膝;平均年龄69.5岁.同期应用胫骨后倾0°截骨(非后倾组)57例57膝,男15例15膝,女42例42膝;平均年龄67.4岁.两组患者术前一般资料、膝关节最大伸直角度、最大屈曲角度和美国膝关节协会评分(knee society score,KSS评分)差异均无统计学意义.比较术后两组胫骨后倾角、关节最大伸直角度、最大屈曲角度和KSS评分的差异.结果 所有患者均获随访12～24个月,平均(15.7±4.3)个月.未发生腓总神经损伤、伤口感染、假体脱位、假体松动等并发症.后倾组术后胫骨后倾角5.7°±2.1°,非后倾组0.9°±0.6°.后倾组术后关节最大伸直角度0.8°±0.3°,非后倾组1.2°±0.4°,差异无统计学意义.后倾组术后关节最大屈曲角度115.7°±4.8°,非后倾组101.1°±5.6°,差异有统计学意义.后倾组术后KSS评分(87.6±5.9)分,非后倾组(83.3±7.2)分,差异无统计学意义.结论 在后十字韧带保留型全膝关节置换术中胫骨后倾截骨可以增加术后关节最大屈曲角度,但对最大伸直角度和KSS评分无明显影响.     

高屈曲度人工全膝关节置换术的临床疗效

目的 探讨影响人工全膝关节置换术患者术后屈膝的因素,以及获得相对最大屈曲度的技术.方法 自2002年3月至2007年3月,85例患者102膝行高屈曲度人工全膝关节置换术(LPS-Flex knee arthroplasty,LF-KA),男16例17膝,女69例85膝;年龄35～79岁,平均64.9岁.膝关节骨关节炎94膝,类风湿关节炎8膝.膝内翻畸形82膝(平均12.8°±3.1°),膝外翻畸形7膝(平均5.1°±2.4°),屈曲畸形31膝(平均15.6°±4.9°).骨缺损5膝.膝关节骨关节炎患者术前活动度为61°～135°,平均110.5°;类风湿关节炎患者为41°～120.,平均85.5°.手术均采用NexGen,LPS-Flex假体.临床疗效以HSS评分为标准,根据影像学资料评估膝关节假体位置、下肢力线以及骨缺损修复情况.结果 66例81膝随访24～60个月,平均39个月.术前HSS平均(69.6±7.4)分,术后平均(90.9±4.8)分.优64膝,良11膝,中4膝,差2膝,优良率为92.6%.膝关节活动度由术前平均100.5°,改善至术中平均136.8°,终末随访时平均127.5°.结论 膝关节活动度的改善对满足患者的日常生活需要尤为重要.患者术前活动度、手术技术、特殊的假体设计以及积极的术后锻炼都是实现全膝关节置换术后最大屈曲度的重要因素.但肥胖、有膝关节手术史、强直性脊柱炎等患者,人工全膝关节置换术后的活动度都会受到一定的限制.     

全膝关节置换术治疗甲型血友病膝关节病变的疗效分析

目的 评价全膝关节置换术治疗甲型血友病膝关节病变的疗效、手术特点、假体选择及凝血因子替代治疗的有效性和安全性.方法 2003年6月至2009年4月,采用全膝关节置换术治疗甲型血友病膝关节病变患者19例(25膝);年龄18～54岁,平均33.4岁.Ⅷ因子替代治疗方案为手术当天补充至100%,术后3 d内80%以上,术后3 d至一周60%以上.术后进行以持续被动活动器(CPM)为主的功能锻炼,锻炼时机为Ⅷ因子输注后6 h内.观察比较手术前后膝关节HSS评分、疼痛、活动度及并发症.结果 18例(24膝)患者得到随访,随访时间7～54月,平均31个月.术前患者HSS评分为平均(51±14)分(31～64),术后HSS评分为平均(86±9.5)分(62～110).关节活动度由术前平均55°±26.3°(10°～100°),改善为术后平均82°±18.6°(60°～100°).屈曲畸形由术前平均19°±13°(0°～45°),改善为术后平均2.7°±3.2°(0°～10°).所有患者术后1～5 d时间内检测的平均Ⅶ因子浓度为74.07%.术后1例发生关节出血,1例发生腓总神经麻痹,1例患者术后17个月因假体感染行翻修术.结论 在合理补充凝血因子条件下,全膝关节置换术是治疗血友病膝关节病变的有效方法,可明显改善膝关节症状和活动度.     

膝关节类风湿关节炎伴重度屈曲畸形患者关节置换术后的中长期随访

目的分析膝关节类风湿关节炎(RA)伴重度屈曲畸形行全膝关节置换术(TKA)中长期随访结果,探讨其关键的手术技术和康复措施。方法 1998年1月至2005年12月,18例RA伴重度屈曲畸形患者32膝行TKA,平均年龄38.8岁。RA病程14.2年,畸形时间6.5年;术前畸形67.5°,活动度20.3°,合并内翻畸形3例,外翻11例;术前股四头肌肌力3级7例,4级11例;HSS评分21.1分。术前锻炼股四头肌肌力,术中软组织松解及增加截骨,术后伸直支具及伸膝锻炼。术后1、2、3、6、12个月及以后每年随访,评价关节活动度、生存率、HSS评分等。结果 16例患者获得随访,5～10年随访10例18膝,10年以上6例11膝。最后一次随访,膝关节屈曲畸形3.7°,活动度103.2°,HSS评分为81.4分,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2膝翻修,假体生存率93.1%。无感染及侧副韧带损伤。结论通过加强术前术后股四头肌功能训练,术中软组织松解及增加股骨远端截骨,膝关节RA伴重度屈曲畸形患者TKA术后中长期随访效果满意。     

Posterior condylar offset and flexion in posterior cruciate-retaining and posterior stabilized TKA

Background Anterior tibial translation associated with posterior impingement has been reported to be one of the factors limiting flexion after posterior cruciate-retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), especially when posterior condylar offset is decreased postoperatively. On the other hand, its effect on postoperative motion in posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA remains unknown. It has been demonstrated that PS TKA exhibits a consistent posterior femoral rollback during flexion. Thus, we hypothesized that the problem of posterior impingement can be avoided by use of PS TKA. In this study, we examined the relationship between postoperative posterior condylar offset and knee flexion in CR and PS TKAs. Methods In this study, analysis was performed for 20 subjects who underwent bilateral TKAs (one CR and one PS TKA) as well as another group of 50 PS TKAs. All patients could be tracked for a minimum of 2 years. The range of flexion was measured before operation and at follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative posterior condylar offset was evaluated on true lateral radiographs. Results At the follow-up examination, the mean flexion angle was 123° in the CR knees and 131° in the PS knees with a significantly greater improvement observed for the latter group. In the roentgenographic measurement of the posterior condylar offset, no significant difference was observed between the preoperative and postoperative values both in the CR and PS knees. We divided the patients into two groups according to the change of posterior condylar offset. The first group (Group I) showed a decrease in the posterior condylar offset after surgery and the second group (Group II) showed no change or an increase. Subsequently, postoperative change in flexion was compared between Groups I and II for the CR and PS knees. A significant difference between Groups I and II was observed in the CR knees, while no difference was observed in the PS knees. The magnitude of postoperative posterior condylar offset did not correlate with an improvement in maximum flexion angle in the 50 PS knees. Conclusions It was shown that the magnitude of posterior condylar offset correlated with a postoperative change in flexion angle in CR knees, while no such correlation was observed in PS knees.     

全膝关节置换治疗僵硬膝关节的早期疗效分析

目的 评价人工全膝关节置换治疗僵硬膝关节的疗效,探讨术中操作和术后康复的要点.方法 2005年2月至2009年4月,采用人工全膝关节置换治疗僵硬膝关节患者23例34膝,男3例4膝,女20例30膝;年龄25～73岁,平均为56.9岁.临床评价指标包括美国特种外科医院评分(hospital for special surgery knee score,HSS)及关节活动范围,并统计术后并发症.结果 平均随访时间为32.2个月(24～40个月),无失访病例.HSS评分术前平均(42.9±5.2)分(24～66分),术后1个月时平均为(72.4±7.1)分(58～82分),末次随访时平均为(85.7±4.3)分(66～94分),较术前增加42.8分.膝关节屈伸活动范围术前平均为42.6°±5.7°(25°～50°),术后1个月时平均为80.2°±9.2°(60°～105°),末次随访时平均为89.2°±40.5°(60°～110°),较术前增加46.6°.12例16膝因术后活动范围不足90°,在术后3～8周进行静脉麻醉下的手法松解.末次随访时仍有6例8膝活动范围不足90°.结论 术中大范围的软组织松解、术后充分的肌力和活动范围训练是获得良好疗效的关键,对于术后关节活动范围不足的病例应及时采取静脉麻醉下的手法按摩松解.     

深盘型假体对全膝关节置换初期疗效的影响

目的探讨深盘型假体对全膝关节置换初期疗效的影响。方法 2006年6月~2012年1月,本组应用深盘型垫片假体行TKA的76例（97膝）患者进行随访,随访时间2~6年,平均4.2年,其中女65例,男11例;年龄55~78岁,平均65.8岁;选择男女共76名志愿者,年龄在18~42岁之间,平均30.5岁,随机左右膝。对比TKA组术前、术后KSS评分、功能评分、膝关节ROM、股骨后髁偏心距;对比TKA组与志愿者组膝关节从伸直位到最大屈曲位时股骨相对于胫骨前后移动的距离。结果 TKA组手术前后膝关节KSS评分、功能评分及膝关节ROM比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,手术前后股骨后髁偏心距差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。TKA组膝关节从伸直位到最大屈曲位时股骨相对于胫骨向后移动距离之差（6.24±2.45）mm。志愿者组膝关节伸直至最大屈曲位时股骨相对于胫骨向后移动距离之差（10.87±1.49）mm,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。1例术后出现伤口浅表感染,经处理后痊愈。1例术后出现膝关节假体周围感染,经二期翻修痊愈出院。术后随访X线片观察膝关节假体位置、力线、固定性能等均显示良好,无松动、透亮线等异常表现。结论使用深盘型膝关节假体行TKA术,初期临床疗效满意;TKA组术后膝关节伸直至最大屈曲位时股骨相对于胫骨后移距离较志愿者组短。     

OrthoPilot计算机导航辅助全膝关节置换术的早期学习曲线

目的:探讨OrthoPilot计算机导航辅助全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）的早期学习曲线。方法:回顾性分析2017年11月至2018年7月同一手术团队在OrthoPilot计算机导航辅助下完成的最初连续40例TKA的临床资料。将40例患者按手术顺序分为前期组（第1~20例）和后...     

CR假体全膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎的近期疗效

目的探讨保留后交叉韧带假体(CR假体)全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗膝骨关节炎的近期临床疗效。方法 56例(64膝)膝关节骨关节炎患者采用CR假体进行TKA。比较患者术前、术后1周、术后3个月及术后2年膝关节活动度及膝关节HSS评分。结果 56例TKA患者均恢复满意,且均获得2年以上随访。无一例出现感染、松动及异响。患者术后膝关节疼痛、功能和活动度方面均有明显改善。HSS评分由术前的34~48(41.00±4.34)分提高到术后2年的68~97(86.50±7.57)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);其中优46膝,良16膝,可2膝,优良率96.9%。关节活动度由术前的34°~90°(61.93°±18.22°)提高到术后2年的117°~130°(122.17°±3.92°),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 CR假体TKA对治疗膝骨关节炎近期疗效良好。