临床分期对食管鳞癌三维适形放疗预后的指导价值

Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of 3 clinical stage system in 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods From January 2004 to August 2007, 179 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with 3DCRT.Before radiation, each patient was staged with UICC 2003 TNM stage, stage of Chinese esophageal cancer cooperation group (cooperation group' stage), and Zhu's clinical stage respectively. Concordance of each clinical stage and prognosis was analyzed with SPSS 11.5. Results In 179 cases of esophageal cancer,Concordance was better in T stage ( Kappa = 0. 271 ) than in TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 167 ) between cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage. Among them, 98 cases was staged with UICC stage, concordance of T stage was better between UICC-T and cooperation group' T stage (Kappa =0. 261 ) than between UICCT and Zhu's T stage (Kappa = 0. 045 ) ;concordance of TNM stage was better between UICC-TNM and Zhu's TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 597 ) than between UICC-TNM and cooperation group' TNM stage ( Kappa =0. 299 ). With multivariate analysis, T ( χ2 value is 11.58, 26. 00 and 51.05, all P ＜ 0. 01 ), N ( χ2 value is 15.28, 16. 10 and 16. 10,all P＜0. 01), M (χ2 value is 5.59, 27.78 and 27.78,all P＜0. 01), and TNM (χ2 value is 15.77, 34,35 and 51. 10,all P＜0. 01 ) stage in 3 kinds of clinical stage were independent prognostic factors. In UICC stage, T1-T3 was difficult to definite and the prognosis was not significantly different in T1 -T3 stage. Conclusions In this study, 3 kinds of clinical stage could evaluate prognosis of esophageal cancer after radiotherapy;cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage need further application, with further accuracy needed.     

鼻咽癌中国1992、2008分期和国际抗癌联盟2010分期标准的比较研究

目的 比较鼻咽癌中国1992、2008分期和国际抗癌联盟(UICC)2010分期标准之间的一致性,评价它们在预测鼻咽癌放疗疗效中的价值.方法 回顾分析2000-2005年间347例无远处转移的初治鼻咽癌患者临床资料,对每例患者分别用中国1992、2008和UICC2010分期标准进行T、N和临床分期.采用Kappa法分析3种分期标准间各期病例数分布的一致性.采用Kaplan-Meier法分别计算3种分期标准的5年总生存率、局部无复发和无远处转移生存率,并用Logrank检验其差异.结果 中国2008分期和UICC 2010分期标准之间的临床分期、T和N分期的病例构成比例的一致性均优于它们各自与1992分期之间的比较,Kappa值分别为0.700、0.881和0.722.3种分期标准下各临床分期的总生存曲线比较只发现Ⅲ与Ⅳ期间的不同,其中2008分期和UICC2010分期标准下Ⅲ与Ⅳ期间的不同(χ2=4.48,P=0.034和χ2=8.88,P=0.003),而1992分期则相似(χ2=0.40,P=0.526).3种分期标准的局部无复发生存率各T1与T2和T2与T3及T3与T4期间的比较均相似(χ2=1.85、0.53、0.50,P=0.174、0.467、0.479和χ2=1.25、2.10、1.99,P=0.264、0.148、0.159及χ2=0.77、0.60、0.87,P=0.381、0.441、0.350).在3种分期标准的各期无远处转移生存率中,1992分期标准的N0与N1、N1与N2、N2与N3间均相似(χ2=3.71、3.11、2.01,P=0.054、0.078、0.156),2008分期标准的N1与N2、N2与N3间不同(χ2=10.49、5.06,P=0.001、0.024);UICC 2010分期标准中仅N1与N2间不同(χ2=7.73,P=0.005).结论 中国2008分期和UICC2010分期标准对鼻咽癌放疗疗效的预测价值相近,且均优于1992分期.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the agreement among Chinese 1992, 2008 and UICC 2010 staging systems of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate their predictive value of radiotherapeutic prognosis.Methods 347 NPC patients without distant metastasis treated in our hospital from 2000 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed.Every patient was categorized into T, N, and clinical stage by Chinese 1992, 2008 and UICC 2010 staging systems, respectively.Kappa value was used to evaluate the agreement among three systems.Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the 5-year overall survival (OS), local-free survival (LFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), the difference between subgroup was tested by Logrank.Results The agreement of clinical stage, T and N stage between Chinese 2008 and UICC 2010 staging system was better than that of them compared to 1992 staging system, Kappa value were 0.700、0.881 and 0.722.The agreement of T stage was better than N and clinical stage among these three staging system.The difference of OS between stageⅢ and stage Ⅳ was significant in Chinese 2008 and UICC 2010 staging system (χ2=4.48,P=0.034;χ2=8.88,P=0.003), and with no different in 1992 staging system (χ2=0.40,P=0.526).There was no significant difference of LFS between T1 and T2,T2 and T3,T3 and T4 in all staging systems (χ2=1.85,0.53,0.50,P=0.174,0.467,0.479;χ2=1.25,2.10,1.99,P=0.264,0.148,0.159;χ2=0.77,0.60,0.87, P=0.381,0.441,0.350).There were no significant differencesin 1992 staging system, while there was significant differences of DMFS between N1 and N2, N2 and N3 in 2008 stage system, N1 and N2 in UICC 2010 stage system.Conclusions The predictive value of Chinese 2008 and UICC 2010 staging system for prognosis were similar, and were better than that of 1992 staging system in NPC.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

探讨非手术食管癌临床分期有效性与预测预后价值

目的 探讨非手术食管癌临床分期的有效性及预测预后的临床价值。方法 分析2003-2010年期间在本院行食管癌根治术,术前有EUS、食管镜、CT、食道造影等详细检查,术后有详细病理分期的358例患者资料。分析术前影像学分期与术后病理分期的预测值,分别按2002、2009年UICC病理分期及临床分期,分析患者无瘤生存及总生存。 结果 全组中位随访时间47个月,随访率为97.2%。有EUS+CT检查并能进行有效分期的305例（85.2%）。在305例中临床T分期对病理T分期的预测值为0~88.6%,其中T₁期最高（88.6%）、T₄期最低;临床N分期（N₀、N₁期）的预测值为62.5%~100%。虽然2002、2009年的分期间总生存率及无瘤生存率差异均有统计学意义（P=0.000、0.000）,但2002年的分期内总生存除Ⅳ期只有2例与各期别相似外差异均有统计学意义,2009年的分期内总生存各期别差异无统计学意义。按2002年UICC TNM分期标准对305例进行EUS+CT临床分期的总生存及无瘤生存均有差异统计学意义（P=0.000、0.000）。 结论 影像学检查不能有效、准确提供淋巴结转移个数,但对淋巴结定性的预测值较高。EUS+CT的临床分期能有效预测非手术食管癌的预后。     

375例食管癌三维适形放疗长期疗效分析

目的 分析食管癌三维适形放疗(3DCRT)的长期疗效及其预后影响因素。方法 回顾分析2001—2006年首程接受3DCRT的 375例食管癌患者的临床资料,其中Ⅰ期 9例、Ⅱ期 106例、Ⅲ期 158例、Ⅳ期 102例。观察近期疗效、局部控制率、生存率。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算局部控制率和生存率等,预后影响因素行Logrank法单因素分析和Cox法多因素分析。结果 随访率为94.7%,随访满 5年者 191例。全组1、3、5年局部控制率分别为80.5%、53.7%、44.9%,生存率分别为67.2%、29.4%、19.0%。单因素预后分析显示疗前进食情况、肿瘤长度、病变横径、T分期、N分期、临床分期、急性放射性食管炎、急性放射性肺炎为影响因素(χ²=46.75、18.52、30.24、42.53、32.71、75.68、7.13、4.64,P=0.000、0.000、0.000、0.000、0.000、0.000、0.008、0.031),多因素预后分析显示肿瘤长度、临床分期、应用化疗、急性放射性食管炎为影响因素(χ²=6.70、18.00、4.87、1.18,P=0.030、0.000、0.027、0.011)。结论 食管癌3DCRT后局部控制率有所提高,但长期生存改善并不明显;肿瘤长度、临床分期、应用化疗和急性放射性食管炎为预后影响因素。     

肺癌临床TNM分期与手术病理TNM分期的比较分析

背景与目的　肺癌临床TNM分期准确与否直接关系到患者的处理决策是否恰当。本研究旨 在探讨肺癌临床与手术病理TNM分期的一致性并分析其原因。方法　随机抽取我院2000年以来接受手术 治疗的肺癌患者150例,根据1997年新修订的国际肺癌分期标准分别进行临床和手术病理TNM分期,对两 种分期结果采用Kappa统计量进行一致性分析,同时比较T分期各亚组临床与手术病理分期的符合率。结 果　临床与手术病理T分期的一致性较为满意(Kappa值=0.729),但将病例分层分析后发现,临床T3、临床 T4组与手术病理结果的符合率明显低于临床T1和临床T2组(P<0.01)。临床与手术病理N分期的一致性 不够理想(Kappa值=0.108),两种TNM分期的一致程度也随之降低(Kappa值=0.287)。结论　目前基于 CT的肺癌临床T分期能较为真实地反映肿瘤的部位、大小,但是当原发灶靠近胸壁或者纵隔时,其边界不易 确定,部分临床T4病例仍可获得完全性切除。临床与手术病理N分期的一致程度不够理想,寻找更可靠的 术前诊断淋巴结转移的技术是提高肺癌临床TNM分期准确性的关键。     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

目的 探讨影响胸段食管癌切除术后患者预后的因素,以及淋巴结转移数目对患者预后和TNM分期标准的影响.方法 对1224例非手术死亡的食管癌切除术患者的临床病理和随访资料进行分析,选择15个可能影响预后的因素进行多因素分析.以淋巴结转移数目(0枚、1枚和≥2枚)的不同,对Ⅱ、Ⅲ期食管癌以新的标准进行TNM分期.结果 影响食管癌切除术后患者预后的主要因素为淋巴结转移数目、肿瘤侵及深度、部位、组织类型和肿瘤长度等(P<0.01).肿瘤侵及深度、肿瘤长度和组织分化程度与淋巴结转移呈正相关(P<0.01).0、1和≥2枚转移淋巴结组患者的5年生存率分别为59.1%、32.0%和8.9%(P<0.01).转移淋巴结为1枚和≥2枚的T2N1M0期和T3N1M0期患者的5年生存率分别为43.1%、18.0%(P<0.01)和28.0%、9.6%(P<0.01).新分期中Ⅱ a期、Ⅱb期、Ⅲ a期和Ⅲ b期的5年生存率分别为56.5%、43.9%、25.6%和11.1%(P<0.01).结论 影响食管癌切除术后患者预后的主要因素为淋巴结转移,而影响淋巴结转移的主要因素为肿瘤侵及深度、肿瘤长度和组织分化程度.为提高食管癌切除术后患者5年生存率,必须加强区域淋巴结的清扫和针对淋巴结转移的综合治疗.淋巴结转移数目明显影响食管癌患者的预后,以转移淋巴结为0、1和≥2枚进行分级,能够准确地反映淋巴结转移数目与患者预后的关系;根据淋巴结转移数目的 不同进行的新分期能更好地反映食管癌切除术患者预后的变化,为国际抗癌联盟食管癌TNM分期标准提供了修订依据.     

食管癌三维适形放疗GTV-T体积与临床分期及预后的相关性分析

目的 探讨应用肿瘤体积大小评价食管癌临床分期标准的准确性、符合程度及其与预后的关系。方法 分析接受根治性三维适形放疗（three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, 3DCRT）的375例食管癌患者临床资料,选择合适的GTV-T体积分级标准,结合区域淋巴结转移情况进行临床分期,并结合患者预后进行分析。结果 与病理T分期对应,将GTV-T体积按≤30 cm³、30~≤60 cm³、60～90cm³、＞90 cm³分为T1、T2、T3、T4四级,5年生存率之间比较,T3与T4级之间差异无统计学意义（P=0.556）,而按T1、T2、T3+4三分级,各T分级之间的生存差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。无区域淋巴结转移N0者较有区域或非区域淋巴结转移N1~2者预后好（P=0.000）。对应GTV-T体积T1、T2、T3+4三分级,将食管癌临床分期对应分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期,将出现N2期或远处转移的患者,全部归入Ⅳ期,各期生存差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论 GTV-T按T1、T2、T3+4三分级法能较好地反映预后生存;对应GTV-T三分级的临床四分期法,亦能较好的反应预后。     

胃癌螺旋CT征象与病变危险度的相关性研究

目的探讨胃癌螺旋CT征象与病变危险度的相关性。方法选取经病理检查确诊为胃癌的72例患者的临床资料,分析所有患者的胃癌螺旋CT征象与TNM分期,并与术后病理结果进行对照性研究。结果在72例患者中,病理分期判断为T1期15例、T2期20例、T3期15例、T4期22例;螺旋CT对胃癌T分期总的准确性为95.8%,Kappa值为0.943。病理分期判断为N0期25例、N1期31例、N2期16例;螺旋CT对胃癌N分期总的准确性为88.9%,Kappa值为0.832。病理分期判断为M0期57例、M1期15例;螺旋CT对胃癌M分期总的准确性为94.4%,Kappa值为0.872。胃癌螺旋CT TNM分期结果与病理结果一致性都好。结论螺旋CT征象在胃癌的术前诊断应用能有效评价患者的TNM分期状况,可反映病变危险度,有很好的临床诊断价值。     

209例食管癌三维适形放疗疗效分析

目的 探讨食管癌三维适形放疗(3DCRT)的疗效及其预后相关因素.方法 回顾性分析2001--2007年接受3DCRT的209例食管癌患者的临床资料,分析局部控制率、生存率及预后影响因素.结果 随访截至2008年12月,随访率为98.1%.随访满1、3、4、5年者分别为209、131、95、56例.1、3、4年局部控制率分别为74.9%、50.4%、45.8%,生存率分别为64.6%、30.8%、23.6%,中位生存期18个月.单因素分析预后影响因素有疗前进食情况、原发肿瘤部位、食管造影显示病变长度、CT显示病变长度和瘤体最大直径、T分期、N分期、临床分期、近期疗效、急性放射性食管炎;而性别、年龄和放疗剂量大小与预后无关.Cox多因素分析显示疗前进食状况、原发肿瘤部位、临床分期、照射方式(全程或后半程3DCRT)为独立预后影响因素.结论 食管癌3DCRT安全有效,放疗前进食梗阻轻、临床分期越早,3DCRT预后越好,反之预后越差;颈胸上段癌预后好于胸中下段癌,全程3DCRT预后好于后半程3DCRT.     

Consideration of tumor size improves the accuracy of TNM predictions in patients with gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy

ObjectiveTo investigate whether addition of tumor size improves the prognostic accuracy of the UICC 7th TNM staging system in gastric cancer patients who underwent radical surgery (R0 resection).MethodsThe clinical and pathological data and postoperative 5-year survival rate of 507 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical surgery (R0 resection) in our department from January 2004 to June 2006 were evaluated retrospectively. The prognostic accuracy of conventional UICC 7th TNM staging was compared with that of UICC 7th TNM staging plus tumor size. The ability of tumor size to improve the 95% confidence interval (CI) of postoperative 5-year survival rate in gastric cancer patients was assessed.ResultsOf the 507 patients, 470 (92.7%) were followed up. The five-year survival rate of these patients was 50.4%. The survival rates of patients with pT1, pT2, pT3, and pT4 stage tumors were 89.3%, 72.4%, 36.9%, and 23.7%, respectively (P < 0.05), and the survival rates of patients with pN0, pN1, pN2, and pN3 stage tumors were 75.2%, 68.8%, 46.7%, and 21.3% (P < 0.05). Depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis stage, metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR), lymphatic invasion and tumor size were independent predictors of patient prognosis. The accuracy of UICC 7th TNM staging in predicting 5-year survival was 75.4% and the accuracy of tumor size plus the UICC 7th TNM staging was 77.9% (P < 0.05). This combination improved the 95% CI of postoperative 5-year survival rate in gastric cancer patients.ConclusionTumor size can improve the accuracy of UICC 7th TNM staging in predicting survival in gastric cancer patients following radical surgery (R0 resection). Tumor size is likely to be another important indicator in future UICC-TNM staging systems for gastric cancer patients.     

食管癌伴区域淋巴结转移三维适形与调强放疗疗效初步比较

目的 比较食管癌伴区域淋巴结转移(N1期)患者三维适形放疗(3DCRT)和调强放疗(IMRT)疗效及预后影响因素.方法 2001-2008年间112例N1期食管癌中60例接受3DCRT、52例接受IMRT,全组放疗总处方剂量DT56 Gy～70 Gy分28 ～ 35次5.6～7.0周完成.58例行顺铂、氟尿嘧啶为基础的化疗,其中40例同期放化疗、18例序贯放化疗.结果 全组放疗后总有效率为98.2％,其中3DCRT和IMRT的分别为96.7％和100％(x2=1.77,P=0.184).随访率为99.1％,其中随访满2、3年者分别为68、53例.全组1、3年总生存率、中位生存期分别为62.5％、23.7％、17.0个月.3DCRT和IMRT的1、3年总生存率、中位生存期分别为52％、19％、12.4个月和75％、40％、17.0个月(x2=4.74,P=0.030),1、3年无复发生存率分别为64％、45％和72％、59％(x2=2.27,P=0.132).Logrank单因素分析显示女性、≤65岁、颈胸上段癌、食管造影病变长度＞5 cm、瘤体CT最大径≤4 cm、T4期、疗前进半流及流食者的生存率IMRT明显高于3DCRT(x2=4.63、5.56、7.19、5.08、4.43、4.48、8.25,P=0.031、0.018、0.007、0.025、0.035、0.034、0.004),而男性、＞65岁、胸中下段癌、造影病变≤5 cm、CT瘤体最大直径＞4 cm、T1-3期、疗前进普食、化疗(是/否)、放疗剂量(＜66Gy/≥66 Gy)的生存率IMRT与3DCRT均无差别(x2=1.28、0.27、0.17、0.03、1.98、0.01、0.43、2.45、1.73、1.24、2.64,P=0.258、0.602、0.684、0.859、0.160、0.973、0.511、0.117、0.189、0.234、0.104).Cox回归模型多因素分析显示只有T分期是影响预后的因素(x2=9.50,P=0.002).结论 N1期食管癌IMRT较3DCRT有一定生存优势,但有待前瞻性研究证实.