应用优化的基于体素的形态测量学方法显示强迫症患者脑灰质异常

Objective To explore changes of gray matter volume in patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) in Chinese Han population using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) ,and investigate its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods Twenty patients with OCD and 20 age,sex and handedness matched healthy controls were scanned using 3D-T1 images on a 3.0 T MR system. The high resolution T1WI was preprocessed according to the optimized VBM protocol in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5). Two-sample t test was performed to characterize the differences of the gray matter volume (GMV) between the OCD patients and healthy controls, and the correlations between the GMV and symptom severity and cumulative illness duration were examined using Pearson correlation in SPSS 16. 0, respectively.Results Compared to controls, OCD patients demonstrated increased GMV in left thalamus, right thalamus and left cerebellum after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. No areas of significantly decreased GMV was observed in OCD patients in relative to healthy controls. The mean eigenvalue ranged from 0. 5782 to 0. 889 representing the left thalamus volume of OCD patients was 0. 6813 ± 0. 0718, and that ranged from 0. 5546 to 0. 9062 was 0. 6869 ± 0. 0808 tor right thalamus. The mean eigenvalues were positively correlated in bilateral thalamus (r = 0. 94, P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusion Using optimized VBM, the current research indicates that the pathophysiology of OCD is associated with GMV abnormalities not only in corticostriato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, but also in the cerebellum.     

应用优化的基于体素的形态测量学方法显示强迫症患者脑灰质异常

Objective To explore changes of gray matter volume in patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) in Chinese Han population using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) ,and investigate its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods Twenty patients with OCD and 20 age,sex and handedness matched healthy controls were scanned using 3D-T1 images on a 3.0 T MR system. The high resolution T1WI was preprocessed according to the optimized VBM protocol in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5). Two-sample t test was performed to characterize the differences of the gray matter volume (GMV) between the OCD patients and healthy controls, and the correlations between the GMV and symptom severity and cumulative illness duration were examined using Pearson correlation in SPSS 16. 0, respectively.Results Compared to controls, OCD patients demonstrated increased GMV in left thalamus, right thalamus and left cerebellum after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. No areas of significantly decreased GMV was observed in OCD patients in relative to healthy controls. The mean eigenvalue ranged from 0. 5782 to 0. 889 representing the left thalamus volume of OCD patients was 0. 6813 ± 0. 0718, and that ranged from 0. 5546 to 0. 9062 was 0. 6869 ± 0. 0808 tor right thalamus. The mean eigenvalues were positively correlated in bilateral thalamus (r = 0. 94, P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusion Using optimized VBM, the current research indicates that the pathophysiology of OCD is associated with GMV abnormalities not only in corticostriato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, but also in the cerebellum.     

基于体素的形态测量学技术在视神经脊髓炎脑改变中的初步应用

Objective To investigate the changes of brain volumes in neuromyelitis optica (NMO)patients using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method, and preliminarily explore the pattern of cerebral anatomical impairment. Methods Twenty-three clinically defined NMO patients and 15 gender and age matched healthy volunteers underwent 3-dimensional (3D) fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) sequence scanning on 3.0 Tesla MR systen. Raw data was processed and analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 5. Whole brain volumes included grey matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV), total intracranial volume (TIV), grey matter fraction (GMF), white matter fraction (WMF),brain tissue fraction (BTF) and regional brain volumes between the two groups were compared by independent samples t-test and an Pearson were performed to compare the regional brain volumes and the ages. Results GMV of NMO group[(610. 2 ± 55.0) ml] was significantly decreased comparing to healthy control group[(657. 2 ± 36. 3) ml] (t = - 2. 915, P ＜ 0. 05). The age of NMO patients [(40 ± 9) years old] showed negative correlation with GMF [(42. 5 ± 2. 6) %] (r = - 0. 673, P ＜ 0. 05). Regional brain volume analysis showed decreased GMV in left insula and bilateral posterior cingutates in NMO patients,while decreased WMV was found in left frontal and left parietal white matter. Conclusion VBM could detect brain volume changes sensitively. Total grey matter volume in NMO patients was decreased comparing to HC group. Regional grey matter atrophy in NMO patients occurred in left insular and bilateral posterior cingutates, regional white matter atrophy occurred in left frontal and left parietal lobe.     

基于体素的形态测量学技术在视神经脊髓炎脑改变中的初步应用

Objective To investigate the changes of brain volumes in neuromyelitis optica (NMO)patients using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method, and preliminarily explore the pattern of cerebral anatomical impairment. Methods Twenty-three clinically defined NMO patients and 15 gender and age matched healthy volunteers underwent 3-dimensional (3D) fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) sequence scanning on 3.0 Tesla MR systen. Raw data was processed and analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 5. Whole brain volumes included grey matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV), total intracranial volume (TIV), grey matter fraction (GMF), white matter fraction (WMF),brain tissue fraction (BTF) and regional brain volumes between the two groups were compared by independent samples t-test and an Pearson were performed to compare the regional brain volumes and the ages. Results GMV of NMO group[(610. 2 ± 55.0) ml] was significantly decreased comparing to healthy control group[(657. 2 ± 36. 3) ml] (t = - 2. 915, P ＜ 0. 05). The age of NMO patients [(40 ± 9) years old] showed negative correlation with GMF [(42. 5 ± 2. 6) %] (r = - 0. 673, P ＜ 0. 05). Regional brain volume analysis showed decreased GMV in left insula and bilateral posterior cingutates in NMO patients,while decreased WMV was found in left frontal and left parietal white matter. Conclusion VBM could detect brain volume changes sensitively. Total grey matter volume in NMO patients was decreased comparing to HC group. Regional grey matter atrophy in NMO patients occurred in left insular and bilateral posterior cingutates, regional white matter atrophy occurred in left frontal and left parietal lobe.     

基于体素的形态测量学技术在视神经脊髓炎脑改变中的初步应用

目的 通过基于体素的形态测量学(VBM)技术研究视神经脊髓炎(NMO)患者的脑体积变化情况,初步从结构方面探讨NMO的脑损害模式.方法 对23例NMO患者和15名健康志愿者进行脑部3D快速扰相梯度回波(FSPGR)序列扫描.原始数据用统计参数图(SPM)5软件进行处理.采用t检验比较两组全脑体积的差别,应用Pearson相关分析评价全脑体积和年龄的相关性.结果 NMO组患者的全商灰质体积[(610.2±55.0)ml]明显小于健康对照组[(657.2±36.3)ml],差异有统计学意义(t=-2.915,P＜0.05).NMO患者的年龄[(40±9)岁]与脑灰质分数[(42.5±2.6)%]呈负相关(r=-0.673,P＜0.05).局部脑体积分析结果显示,与健康对照组相比,NMO灰质体积减少主要集中在左侧岛叶和双侧后扣带回,白质体积减少区主要位于左侧额叶和左侧顶叶皮层下白质.结论 VBM技术可以敏感地检测NMO的脑体积变化情况.NMO患者的脑体积较健康对照组有减少的趋势,以灰质萎缩更明显.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the changes of brain volumes in neuromyelitis optica (NMO)patients using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method, and preliminarily explore the pattern of cerebral anatomical impairment. Methods Twenty-three clinically defined NMO patients and 15 gender and age matched healthy volunteers underwent 3-dimensional (3D) fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) sequence scanning on 3.0 Tesla MR systen. Raw data was processed and analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 5. Whole brain volumes included grey matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV), total intracranial volume (TIV), grey matter fraction (GMF), white matter fraction (WMF),brain tissue fraction (BTF) and regional brain volumes between the two groups were compared by independent samples t-test and an Pearson were performed to compare the regional brain volumes and the ages. Results GMV of NMO group[(610. 2 ± 55.0) ml] was significantly decreased comparing to healthy control group[(657. 2 ± 36. 3) ml] (t = - 2. 915, P ＜ 0. 05). The age of NMO patients [(40 ± 9) years old] showed negative correlation with GMF [(42. 5 ± 2. 6) %] (r = - 0. 673, P ＜ 0. 05). Regional brain volume analysis showed decreased GMV in left insula and bilateral posterior cingutates in NMO patients,while decreased WMV was found in left frontal and left parietal white matter. Conclusion VBM could detect brain volume changes sensitively. Total grey matter volume in NMO patients was decreased comparing to HC group. Regional grey matter atrophy in NMO patients occurred in left insular and bilateral posterior cingutates, regional white matter atrophy occurred in left frontal and left parietal lobe.     

采用优化的基于体素的形态学方法研究智力障碍儿童脑灰质容积变化

目的 利用优化的基于体素的形态测量学(VBM)方法,比较病因不明且常规影像检查正常的智力障碍儿童与正常同龄儿童脑灰质容积的差异,探究患儿脑灰质发育与智力障碍间的联系.方法 选取21例智力障碍患儿和30名正常儿童进行高分辨率脑MR扫描,然后进行VBM分析,应用独立样本t检验比较两组儿童脑灰质容积总量以及不同区域灰质容积的差别.同时,对智力障碍儿童的智商评分与脑灰质容积总量进行偏相关性分析.结果 智障儿童脑灰质容积总量[(1.012±0.079)×106 mm3]明显大于正常儿童[(0.956±0.059)×106mm3],智障组与正常对照组儿童脑灰质总容积的差异具有统计学意义(t=-2.80,P＜0.05).智障组儿童脑局部区域灰质容积较正常对照组高,脑区包括双侧丘脑、额上回、直回和颞极,以及右侧额下回、海马旁回和右侧小脑.智障组儿童脑灰质容积与智商无相关性(r=0.078,P＞0.05).结论 VBM能够显示常规MRI表现正常的智力障碍儿童中的脑灰质发育异常.额叶-丘脑环路的脑灰质容积增加,提示其发育滞后,可能是导致儿童智力障碍的原因之一.

Abstract：

Objective To detect brain structural difference between children with unexplained mental retardation and children with typically normal development. Methods The high-resolution magnetic MR imaging were obtained from 21 children with unexplained mental retardation and 30 age-matched control children without intellectual disabilities. Voxel-based morphometry analysis with an optimization of spatial segmentation and normalization procedures were applied to compare differences of gray matter volume between the two groups. The total and regional gray matter volume were compared between the two groups with independent t test. Meanwhile, correlation was conducted to analyze the relationship between the total gray matter volume and intelligence quotient (IQ) with partial correlation test. Results The total gray matter volume was significantly increased in the mental retardation children [(1. 012 ±0. 079) × 106 mm3]in relative to the controls [(0. 956 ± 0. 059) × 106 mm3, t = - 2. 80, P ＜ 0. 05]. Compared to controls,children with unexplained mental retardation showed significantly increased gray matter volume in different regions, including the bilateral thalami, the bilateral superior frontal gyri, the bilateral gyri rectus, the bilateral temporal poles, the right inferior frontal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus and the right cerebellum. No correlation was detected between the total gray matter volume and IQ in children with mental retardation (r = 0. 078 ,P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions VBM would detect the gray matter abnormalities that were not founded in routine MR scanning. The increase of gray matter volume in the frontal-thalamus network might indicate the delayed maturation of the brain development. This might be one of the causations of mental retardation in children.     

采用优化的基于体素的形态学方法研究智力障碍儿童脑灰质容积变化

Objective To detect brain structural difference between children with unexplained mental retardation and children with typically normal development. Methods The high-resolution magnetic MR imaging were obtained from 21 children with unexplained mental retardation and 30 age-matched control children without intellectual disabilities. Voxel-based morphometry analysis with an optimization of spatial segmentation and normalization procedures were applied to compare differences of gray matter volume between the two groups. The total and regional gray matter volume were compared between the two groups with independent t test. Meanwhile, correlation was conducted to analyze the relationship between the total gray matter volume and intelligence quotient (IQ) with partial correlation test. Results The total gray matter volume was significantly increased in the mental retardation children [(1. 012 ±0. 079) × 106 mm3]in relative to the controls [(0. 956 ± 0. 059) × 106 mm3, t = - 2. 80, P ＜ 0. 05]. Compared to controls,children with unexplained mental retardation showed significantly increased gray matter volume in different regions, including the bilateral thalami, the bilateral superior frontal gyri, the bilateral gyri rectus, the bilateral temporal poles, the right inferior frontal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus and the right cerebellum. No correlation was detected between the total gray matter volume and IQ in children with mental retardation (r = 0. 078 ,P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions VBM would detect the gray matter abnormalities that were not founded in routine MR scanning. The increase of gray matter volume in the frontal-thalamus network might indicate the delayed maturation of the brain development. This might be one of the causations of mental retardation in children.     

中国汉族成人额叶体积的高分辨率MRI测量

Objective To explore the normal range of the volume of frontal lobe in Chinese adults of the Han nationality and provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain. Methods This is a clinical multi-center study. Two hundred Chinese healthy volunteers (age range= 18 to 70) recruited from 16 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i. e. , age range from 18 to 30, age range from 31 to 40, age range from 41 to 50, age range from 51 to 60, and age range from 61 to 70. Each group contained 20 males and 20 females. All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted threedimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence. We used the manual method to trace the region of interest and measured the left and right frontal lobe volumes separately. All the data were analyzed with SPSS (version 13.0). The sex differences in the frontal lobe volumes were analyzed by independent-samples t test, and the side differences were analyzed by paired-samples t test. Correlation and regression analysis was used between the age and the frontal lobe volumes. Results In 200 healthy Chinese Han volunteers, the total frontal lobe volumes was (563 ± 73) cm3. For male, the volumes of the left and the right frontal lobe were (288±42) cm3 and (292 ±41 ) cm3 ,respectively. The volumes of the left and right frontal lobe in 100 women were (273 ±30) cm3 and (274 ± 30) cm3 respectively. The differences of sex (t = 3. 334, P < 0. 05 ) and side ( t = - 3.09, P < 0. 05 ) in the total frontal lobe volumes reach significant. There was no significant differences in women ( t = - 1. 304, P > 0. 05 ). There were negative correlations between the frontal lobe volumes and age in men and women ( r = - 0. 586, - 0. 498, P <0. 01 ). Conclusions The total frontal lobe volume of men was larger than that of women. The volume of the right frontal lobe was larger than the left frontal lobe in men, and the asymmetries didn't exist in women.The total frontal lobe volumes were both shrinking with age in men and women, which was more rapid in men than in women.     

基于体素的遗忘型轻度认知障碍和轻度阿尔茨海默病全脑白质MR扩散张量成像分析

Objective To evaluate the microstructural integrity of white matter (WM) in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) using voxel-based analysis (VBA), and investigate the relationship between WM abnormalities and gray matter(GM) atrophy.Methods Thirty-three cases with aMCI, 32 cases with mild AD and 31 normal aging volunteers as control subjects were scanned on a 3.0 T MR system using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled(3DSPGR) sequences. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps and morphological images were preprocessed by SPM5 and voxel-based comparisons between the 2 patient groups and the control group were performed by t test. Results Relative to the control group, patients with aMCI showed significantly reduced FA value in bilateral frontal, temporal and left occipital WM, left anterior part of cingulum, left inferior parietal lobule, and the W M adjacent to the triangular part of the right lateral ventricle(k≥20 voxels).In mild AD,significantly reduced FA value was found in bilateral hippocampal,inferior parietal lobular,frontal,temporal,and occipital WM,bilateral corpus callosum,anterior part of cingulums,the WM adjacent to the triaangular part of the bilateral lateral ventricles,left temporal stem,left thalamus,right precuneus(k≥20 voxels).Significantly reduced GM volume was found in left hippocampus,parahippocampal gyrus,lingual gyrus and superior temporal gyrus,bilateral insulae and middle temporal gyri in aMCl group whencompared with control group(k≥50 voxels).In mild AD,significantly reduced GM volume was found in bilateral hippoeampi,parahippocampal gyri,amygdalae,thalami,temporal,parietal,frontal,occipital cortex(k≥50 voxels).The pattern of areas with reduced FA differs;from that of the GM volumetric reduction.No areas with significantlv reduced FA was detected in aMCl compared with mild AD. There was no significant correlation between FA value of WM in patient groups and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)scores.Conclusions Voxel-based MRI DTI analysis of whole brain white matter can objectively reveal widespread white matter abnormalities in early-stage AD.The difierence between WM FA reduction pattern and GM volumetric reduction pattern indicates that the pathological WM changes in earlyslage AD were caused by multiple mechanisms. FA did not vary significantly in patients pr0gressing from aMCI to mild AD and can hardly reflect the severitv of cognitive function damage in these patients.     

基于体素的遗忘型轻度认知障碍和轻度阿尔茨海默病全脑白质MR扩散张量成像分析

Objective To evaluate the microstructural integrity of white matter (WM) in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) using voxel-based analysis (VBA), and investigate the relationship between WM abnormalities and gray matter(GM) atrophy.Methods Thirty-three cases with aMCI, 32 cases with mild AD and 31 normal aging volunteers as control subjects were scanned on a 3.0 T MR system using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled(3DSPGR) sequences. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps and morphological images were preprocessed by SPM5 and voxel-based comparisons between the 2 patient groups and the control group were performed by t test. Results Relative to the control group, patients with aMCI showed significantly reduced FA value in bilateral frontal, temporal and left occipital WM, left anterior part of cingulum, left inferior parietal lobule, and the W M adjacent to the triangular part of the right lateral ventricle(k≥20 voxels).In mild AD,significantly reduced FA value was found in bilateral hippocampal,inferior parietal lobular,frontal,temporal,and occipital WM,bilateral corpus callosum,anterior part of cingulums,the WM adjacent to the triaangular part of the bilateral lateral ventricles,left temporal stem,left thalamus,right precuneus(k≥20 voxels).Significantly reduced GM volume was found in left hippocampus,parahippocampal gyrus,lingual gyrus and superior temporal gyrus,bilateral insulae and middle temporal gyri in aMCl group whencompared with control group(k≥50 voxels).In mild AD,significantly reduced GM volume was found in bilateral hippoeampi,parahippocampal gyri,amygdalae,thalami,temporal,parietal,frontal,occipital cortex(k≥50 voxels).The pattern of areas with reduced FA differs;from that of the GM volumetric reduction.No areas with significantlv reduced FA was detected in aMCl compared with mild AD. There was no significant correlation between FA value of WM in patient groups and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)scores.Conclusions Voxel-based MRI DTI analysis of whole brain white matter can objectively reveal widespread white matter abnormalities in early-stage AD.The difierence between WM FA reduction pattern and GM volumetric reduction pattern indicates that the pathological WM changes in earlyslage AD were caused by multiple mechanisms. FA did not vary significantly in patients pr0gressing from aMCI to mild AD and can hardly reflect the severitv of cognitive function damage in these patients.     

基于体素的形态学分析技术在评价脑灰质体积改变对皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆患者执行功能影响中的应用

目的:采用基于体素的形态学分析(VBM)技术分析皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆(SIVD)患者执行功能障碍与相关脑区灰质体积改变之间的关系.方法:分别纳入SIVD患者和健康志愿者各14例,应用VBM技术比较2组的脑灰质体积差异,分析脑灰质体积变化与执行功能的相关性.结果:与健康对照组相比,SIVD患者灰质体积显著减少,包括全脑...     

运用VBM方法检测创伤后应激障碍患者发病前脑灰质容积的改变

目的运用基于体素的形态学方法(voxel based morphometry,VBM)分析创伤后应激障碍(posttraumaticstress disorder,PTSD)患者是否于发病前即存在脑灰质容积的改变。方法 PTSD危险人群于创伤暴露后2天内行3 T MRI全脑扫描。搜集12例最终确诊的PTSD患者及12例年龄、性别及创伤暴露与之相匹配的对照组的脑结构图像,运用基于SPM5的VBM5进行数据分析,采用双样本t检验,以P<0.001(未校正)、核团体素>35视为差异有统计学意义。结果与对照组相比,PTSD组右侧杏仁核、海马旁回、前扣带回、额上回、颞中回、颞下回,楔前叶、左侧额下回、颞上回、岛叶、中央前回及中脑的灰质容积减少,未发现PTSD组较对照组灰质容积增加的区域。结论创伤暴露初期就能探测出PTSD患者存在与情绪控制、调节及记忆等功能相关的脑灰质结构改变,推测这些改变在创伤前可能已经存在,可能是PTSD的重要致病因素之一。     

肌萎缩侧索硬化症基于体素的形态测量扩散张量分析

目的 利用基于体素的形态测量学(VBM)及基于体素的扩散张量分析评价肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)患者的脑灰质、白质体积及各向异性分数(FA)值的改变.方法 选取39例确诊或拟诊为ALS的患者(ALS组)及39名健康成年人(对照组)进行常规MR扫描及神经心理学评估,并采集3D快速扰相梯度回波(fast spoiled gradient echo,FSPGR)序列T_1WI和DTI数据.对3D T_1结构像进行配准、分割、平滑后,采用VBM分析,计算分割后的脑灰质、白质及脑脊液的体积.选取76名健康志愿者进行DTI,对原始图像进行后处理,制作FA模版,将ALS组和对照组受试者的FA图配准在所创建的FA模版上,测量FA值.统计方法采用协方差分析,因性别完全匹配,故对于VBM,年龄及全脑总体积作为协变量,而对于基于体素的扩散张量分析,仅年龄作为协变量,P＜0.01(未校正),相连像素＞20个的脑区为有差异的脑区.结果 全脑体积分析显示两组受试者的全脑灰质体积、全脑白质体积、全脑体积及脑灰质分数之间差异无统计学意义,但ALS患者的白质分数(0.29±0.02)小于健康对照组(0.30±0.02)(P=0.003).与健康对照组比较,ALS患者局部灰质体积减少脑区主要位于双侧额上回及中央前回,右侧额中回及颞中、下回,左侧枕上回、楔叶及左侧岛叶,ALS患者局部白质体积减少脑区主要位于胼胝体膝部,双侧额内侧回、旁中央小叶及岛叶,右侧额上回及额中回、左侧中央后回.ALS患者双侧扣带回及海马旁回FA值较对照组减低.结论 ALS并不是单纯的运动神经元病,是一种多系统受累的疾病,基于体素的扩散张量分析对于怀疑认知功能障碍的患者海马旁回及扣带回白质FA值变化的检出具有一定的潜在价值.     

基于体素的形态测量学方法对慢性类风湿关节炎患者脑灰质的MR研究

目的 应用基于体素的形态测量学(VBM)方法分析慢性类风湿关节炎(RA)患者相对于健康志愿者脑灰质改变的特点及规律.方法 收集35例慢性RA患者和30例年龄、性别、受教育程度相匹配的健康对照者,使用GE Signa HDxt 1.5T超导MR扫描仪对所有受试者行高分辨率3D-T1全脑结构扫描,利用SPM 12软件的VBM 12方法对扫描图像进行预处理,对慢性RA患者和正常志愿者脑灰质体积采用双样本t检验,探讨慢性RA患者脑灰质改变的特点及其与临床指标的相关性.结果 与对照组相比,VBM结果显示慢性RA患者右侧豆状核,左侧额叶及左侧小脑后叶脑灰质减少,差异脑区脑灰质与临床指标之间无线性相关性.本研究未发现慢性RA组脑灰质比正常对照组增大的区域.结论 慢性RA患者脑灰质减小,提示RA可导致脑结构异常,VBM为评价RA脑形态学异常提供了客观的影像学依据.     

Longitudinal Study of Gray Matter Changes in Parkinson Disease

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The pathology of Parkinson disease leads to morphological brain volume changes. So far, the progressive gray matter volume change across time specific to patients with Parkinson disease compared controls remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the pattern of gray matter changes in patients with Parkinson disease and to explore the progressive gray matter volume change specific to patients with Parkinson disease with disease progression by using voxel-based morphometry analysis.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Longitudinal cognitive assessment and structural MR imaging of 89 patients with Parkinson disease (62 men) and 55 healthy controls (33 men) were from the Parkinson''s Progression Markers Initiative data base, including the initial baseline and 12-month follow-up data. Two-way analysis of covariance was performed with covariates of age, sex, years of education, imaging data from multiple centers, and total intracranial volume by using Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Lie Algebra tool from SPM8 software.RESULTS:Gray matter volume changes for patients with Parkinson disease were detected with decreased gray matter volume in the frontotemporoparietal areas and the bilateral caudate, with increased gray matter volume in the bilateral limbic/paralimbic areas, medial globus pallidus/putamen, and the right occipital cortex compared with healthy controls. Progressive gray matter volume decrease in the bilateral caudate was found for both patients with Parkinson disease and healthy controls, and this caudate volume was positively associated with cognitive ability for both groups. The progressive gray matter volume increase specific to the patients with Parkinson disease was identified close to the left ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus, and a positive relationship was found between the thalamic volume and the tremor scores in a subgroup with tremor-dominant patients with Parkinson disease.CONCLUSIONS:The observed progressive changes in gray matter volume in Parkinson disease may provide new insights into the neurodegenerative process. The current findings suggest that the caudate volume loss may contribute to cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson disease and the progressive thalamus enlargement may have relevance to tremor severity in Parkinson disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, with other neurons in the cortex and subcortical nuclei also affected during the course of the disease. This pathology might lead to morphologic brain changes.Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis has been used to assess the cortical gray matter changes in patients with PD. Some cross-sectional studies were performed to compare the differences between patients with PD and healthy controls. However, these PD-VBM studies have not yet drawn any congruent conclusions. Some studies have shown distributed brain atrophy in cortical and subcortical regions, including the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and the limbic/paralimbic areas.^1–8 On the other hand, 1 study reported an increase of GM in the thalamus in patients with PD with unilateral resting tremor compared with controls.⁹ A recent study has observed not only brain volume loss in the occipital region but also volume increase in the limbic/paralimbic system.¹⁰ In addition, some studies have failed to find any GM change.^11–14 In fact, few of these previous findings were wholly consistent with each other. These inconsistencies may result from the patient heterogeneity, such as the age, disease duration, disease severity, and variable covariates used in VBM analysis, which may confound the effect of results in between-group differences. Therefore, this issue of brain volume change in PD groups required further examination.To our knowledge, few studies have focused on the progression of regional volume changes in PD by using VBM. One longitudinal study showed a progressive gray matter volume (GMV) decrease in patients with PD with and without dementia with disease progression during a mean follow-up period of 25 months.¹⁵ In that study, a progressive GMV decrease in the limbic/paralimbic and temporo-occipital regions was observed in patients with PD, while in patients with dementia, the loss mainly involved the neocortical regions. However, in that study, no healthy matched controls were included. So far, the progressive GMV change across time specific to patients with PD compared with controls remains unclear.Thus, the main goals of the present study were to examine the GMV change in the PD group compared with healthy controls and to explore the progressive GMV change specific to patients with PD compared with controls with disease progression.     

基于体素的形态测量学方法研究屈光参差性弱视患儿的相关区域脑结构

目的 利用基于体素的形态测量学(VBM)分析屈光参差性弱视患者全脑灰、白质体积变化.方法 采用1.5 TMR扫描仪对12例屈光参差性弱视患儿和年龄、性别相匹配的12名正常志愿者行3D快速扰相梯度回波(FSPGR)序列的全脑扫描.原始数据用统计参数图(SPM)5软件进行处理.结果 与正常对照组相比,弱视组脑灰质体积减少的脑区包括右侧楔叶、双侧枕中下回、右侧额中回、左侧颞中回、右侧颞上回、右侧楔前叶、右侧中扣带回(差异脑区体素＞ 10个).弱视组脑灰质体积增多的脑区包括右侧小脑半球、右侧海马旁回、左侧中央前回、左侧额上回(差异脑区体素＞ 10个).与对照组比较,弱视组脑白质体积减少的脑区包括双侧视放射区、双侧内囊,以右侧为著(差异脑区体素＞10).未见弱视组脑白质体积增多的脑区.结论 运用VBM方法可分析屈光参差性弱视患者全脑灰、白质体积变化,有助于从形态学的角度阐述屈光参差性弱视的可能神经机制.     

Cerebral and cerebellar gray matter reduction in first-episode patients with major depressive disorder: A voxel-based morphometry study

Purpose

To investigate cerebral and cerebellar gray matter abnormalities in patients with first-episode major depressive disorder (MDD).

Materials and methods

We examined the structural difference in regional gray matter density (GMD) between 22 first-episode MDD patients and 30 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy controls by optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) based on magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, MDD patients showed decreased GMD in the right medial and left lateral orbitofrontal cortex, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), bilateral temporal pole, right superior temporal gyrus, bilateral anterior insular cortex, left parahippocampal gyrus, and left cerebellum. In addition, in MDD patients, there was a negative correlation between GMD values of the right DLPFC and the score of the depression rating scale.

Conclusions

Our findings provided additional support for the involvement of limbic-cortical circuits in the pathophysiology of MDD and preliminary evidence that a defect involving the cerebellum may also be implicated.     

基于体素的形态测量学在震颤麻痹型多系统萎缩中的应用

目的 评价震颤麻痹型多系统萎缩(MSA-P型)患者全脑灰、白质体积减少区域及分布特征.方法 选取13例临床拟诊为MSA-P型可能性大的患者及14名年龄匹配的正常对照者行全脑三维快速扰相梯度回波(3D fast spoiled gradient echo,3D-FSPGR)序列扫描,采用基于体素的形态测量学(voxel-based morphometry,VBM)分析方法的统计参数图软件(statistical parametric mapping,SPM)8,对MSA-P型患者及正常对照者的灰、白质体素进行分析.结果 与正常对照者相比,MSA-P患者的脑灰、白质体积均减少;脑灰质减少区多数区域呈双侧对称分布:包括双侧辅助运动区、背侧后扣带皮层、额叶内侧回、颞上回、小脑半球皮层等;少数区域仅累及单侧,如右侧初级运动皮层、体感联合皮层及左侧下前扣带皮层等.脑白质区主要累及双侧额上回、楔前叶、额叶下,左侧颞上回、扣带回及右侧额眶回、颞叶下等.结论 VBM方法具有自动、全面的特点,能客观地反映MSA-P患者组全脑结构的差异.