非酒精性脂肪性肝病与代谢综合征的关系

近年来大量研究表明非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）与代谢综合征（MS）或其绢分密切相关。MS是由胰岛素抵抗引起的一系列生理和代鲥紊乱综合征,研究发现胰岛素抵抗在NAFLD的发病饥制中亦起关键作用。两者独立存在,还互相促进尚未完全阐明,深入开展这些方面的研究,对预防两者的发生、发展、治疗策略的选择及药物的研发均有重要意义。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病与代谢综合征

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是一种包括从单纯的肝脂肪变性到非酒精性脂肪性肝炎,以致最终发展为肝硬化的一组肝脏慢性广谱性临床病理综合征。近年来大量研究表明,NAFLD与代谢综合征(MS)的各个组分密切伴随,甚至有学者将其作为MS的组分之一,并发现胰岛素抵抗在NAFLD发病机制中起关键作用。迄今对NAFLD的发病机制还了解甚少,目前广泛接受的一个理论是“二次打击”假说。脂肪酸和甘油三酯在肝脏沉积造成的“第一次打击”之后,肝细胞对氧化应激和炎症因子作用导致的“第二次打击”的敏感性增加而引起肝损害。本文主要目的是对NAFLD的临床病理特点、与胰岛素抵抗及MS的关系以及可能的分子机制进行综述,同时也介绍了目前预防和治疗NAFLD的策略。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病与代谢综合征相关性的临床研究

目的分析非酒精性脂肪性肝病与代谢综合征的关系。方法按住院顺序选择有随访资料病例共185例,将其分为四组（单纯脂肪肝组、单纯肥胖组、脂肪肝＋肥胖组、正常对照组）,在基线水平对四组出现代谢综合征情况进行横向比较。其次,在随访后再次对四组出现代谢综合征情况进行组内、组间比较。结果随访结束时,单纯脂肪肝组代谢综合征发病率明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）。结论非酒精性脂肪性肝病促进代谢综合征的发生,且不依赖于肥胖。     

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome： An update

Sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary choices are leading to a weight gain epidemic in westernized countries, subsequently increasing the risk for developing the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. NAFLD is estimated to affect approximate 30% of the general US population and is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Recent findings linking the components of the metabolic syndrome with NAFLD and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） will be reviewed; in particular, the role of visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and adipocytokines in the exacerbation of these conditions. While no therapy has been proven effective for treating NAFLD/NASH, common recommendations will be discussed.     

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,obesity and the metabolic syndrome

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now recognized as the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Its prevalence has increased to more than 30% of adults in developed countries and its incidence is still rising. The majority of patients with NAFLD have simple steatosis but in up to one third of patients, NAFLD progresses to its more severe form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is characterized by liver inflammation and injury thereby determining the risk to develop liver fibrosis and cancer. NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. However, the liver is not only a passive target but affects the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and its complications. Conversely, pathophysiological changes in other organs such as in the adipose tissue, the intestinal barrier or the immune system have been identified as triggers and promoters of NAFLD progression. This article details the pathogenesis of NAFLD along with the current state of its diagnosis and treatment.     

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in obese children

I read with great interest the article of Fu et al who investigated whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is an early mediator for prediction of metabolic syndrome,and whether liver B-ultrasound could be used for its diagnosis,in a study involving 861 obese children(6-16 years old).In this study,it was reported that NAFLD is not only a liver disease,but also an early mediator that reflects metabolic disorder,and that liver B-ultrasound can be a useful tool for metabolic syndrome(MS)screening.The a...     

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: further expression of the metabolic syndrome

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been associated with metabolic disorders, including central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia. Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and insulin resistance are major risk factors in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease refers to a wide spectrum of liver damage, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis.     

非酒精性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪肝合并代谢综合征患者血清脂联素水平及其与胰岛素抵抗程度的相关性分析

目的 研究非酒精性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪肝合并代谢综合征患者血清脂联素水平及其与胰岛素抵抗程度的相关性.方法 选取非酒精性脂肪肝106例,非酒精性脂肪肝合并代谢综合征58例,单纯肥胖32例,健康体检42例作为对照组.测定体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比（WHR）,检测空腹血糖（FBS）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）和高密度脂蛋自（HDL）等生化指标并行肝脏B超检查.放射免疫法测定空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA）.同时酶联免疫法测定血清脂联素水平,并用相关及多元回归分析脂联素与各参数的相关性.结果 非酒精性脂肪肝组BMI、ALT、TC、TG、FBS、FINS和HOMA均较正常对照组高,HDL和脂联素水平较正常对照组低;非酒精性脂肪肝合并代谢综合征组胰岛素抵抗程度较非酒精性脂肪肝组更严重,脂联素水平更低.单纯肥胖组ALT、TC高于对照组,脂联素水平有下降趋势.非酒精性脂肪肝ALT异常组与ALT正常组比较,脂联素水平下降.结论 非酒精性脂肪肝存在不同程度胰岛素抵抗,脂联素水平降低;合并代谢综合征者胰岛素抵抗更为严重,脂联素水平更低;合并ALT异常时脂联素水平下降     

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with and without metabolic syndrome: Different long-term outcomes

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are both shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. However, there is a great overlap between these two diseases. The present study was aimed to examine the cardiovascular and metabolic prognosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with and without metabolic syndrome.MethodsMiddle-aged subjects (n = 958) were divided into four subgroups, those with NAFLD and MetS, those with NAFLD or MetS, and healthy controls. The baseline characteristics of the subgroups were analyzed. The follow-up time for cardiovascular events was about 16 years. After approximately 21 years the cardiac ultrasound and laboratory parameters were re-analyzed and new type 2 diabetes cases were recorded.ResultsThose with both diseases were at the greatest risk for cardiovascular events (p < 0.001). Compared to healthy controls, only those with MetS, with or without NAFLD, were at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes (p < 0.001) and for an increase in left ventricular mass index (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). The cardiovascular and metabolic risk in subjects with NAFLD only was quite similar to that in healthy controls. The I148M variant of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3 polymorphism) was most present in those with NAFLD only (p = 0.008).ConclusionsNAFLD with MetS implies a considerable risk for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and the increase of left ventricular mass index whereas NAFLD without MetS does not.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病致代谢异常

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)对代谢异常及多元代谢紊乱发病的影响.方法从1995～2002年宝钢职工59 131人次体检资料中,选取随访4～7年的NAFLD及其对照人群作为研究对象,应用SPSS 11.5软件进行统计学处理.结果随访结束时,脂肪肝组肥胖症(76.6%对29.1%)、高血压(72.6%对51.2%)、高三酰甘油血症(52.6%对23.6%)、高总胆固醇血症(28.6%对20.4%)、空腹血糖受损(29.1%对14.8%)、糖尿病(17.1%对5.8%)以及多元代谢紊乱(50.3%对16.3%)的发病率均显著高于对照组.根据肥胖和脂肪肝的有无,将入选的862例研究对象重新分组,单纯脂肪肝组(69例)高血压(62.7%对41.1%)、高三酰甘油血症(38.1%对14.5%)、高总胆固醇血症(29.5%对16.3%)、空腹血糖受损(22.8%对9.6%)、糖尿病(10.8%对3.8%)和多元代谢紊乱(47.8%对11.3%)的发病率显著高于正常对照组(586例),与单纯肥胖组(101例)和脂肪肝 肥胖组(106例)相近.脂肪肝对多元代谢紊乱的相对危险度(OR)为5.193.结论 NAFLD促进高血压、高脂血症、空腹血糖受损、糖尿病以及多元代谢紊乱的发生,而且这种作用不依赖肥胖.     

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) includes a spectrum of clinicopathological conditions with increasing prevalence in the developed world. Although steatosis alone seems to have a benign course, those patients with the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can have a progressive course. Additionally, there is now evolving, indirect evidence that some of the patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis may be the result of 'burned-out' NASH. Although NAFL and NASH are associated with insulin-resistance syndrome, some patients with NAFL may have no obvious risk factors. Despite preliminary data from a number of pilot studies, no established therapies can be offered to patients with NASH. Over the next few years, a number of exciting research projects dealing with the epidemiology as well as the pathogenesis of NAFL are expected to be completed. It is anticipated that, through a better understanding of NAFL, more effective treatment protocols can be developed targeting only those patients with NASH that are at the highest risk for progression to cirrhosis and liver failure.     

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease that affects a high proportion of the world's population. Insulin resistance and oxidative stress play a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Clinical, biochemical and imaging studies are of value in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with NAFLD, but liver biopsy remains the most sensitive and specific means of providing important diagnostic and prognostic information. Simple steatosis has the best prognosis within the spectrum of NAFLD, but NAFLD has the potential to progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and even cirrhosis. No effective medical therapy is currently available for all patients with NAFLD. In patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, appropriate metabolic control is always recommended, but rarely effective in resolving the liver disease. Weight reduction, when achieved and sustained, may improve the liver disease, although the results with weight loss have been inconsistent. Pharmacological therapy aimed at the underlying liver disease holds promise. Several medications with different mechanisms of action and potential benefit are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Liver transplantation is a life-extending therapeutic alternative for patients with end-stage NAFLD, but NAFLD may recur after liver transplantation.     

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the Western world. It is closely associated with metabolic syndrome. The alarming epidemics of diabetes and obesity have fueled an increasing prevalence of NAFLD, particularly among these high-risk groups. Histologically, NAFLD encompasses a disease spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and variable degrees of fibrosis on liver biopsy. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis can progress to cirrhosis in a fraction of patients. There is currently little understanding of risk factors for disease progression and the disease pathogenesis has not been fully defined. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Weight loss, dietary modification, and the treatment of underlying metabolic syndrome remain the mainstays of therapy once the diagnosis is established. There are no well-established pharmacological agents for treatment of NASH, although this is a subject of ongoing research.     

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,metabolic syndrome and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein3 gene variants

Background & aimsNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease was traditionally interpreted as a condition which may progress to liver-related complications. However, the increased mortality is primarily a result of cardiovascular diseases. It has been suggested that fatty liver can be considered as the hepatic consequence of the metabolic syndrome. The aim was to describe the different clinical presentations of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on the basis of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 gene variant.MethodsFatty liver was defined by ultrasonographic Hamaguchi's criteria in 211 consecutive subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The rs738409 polymorphism was determined by TaqMan assays. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to ATPIII modified criteria.ResultsPrevalence of PNPLA3-148II, PNPLA3-148IM, and PNPLA3-148MM genotypes was 45.0%, 40.7%, and 14.3% respectively. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome progressively increased with the severity of liver steatosis (from 52.5% to 65.2%, and 82.3% respectively, p < 0.01). The PNPLA3-148MM group had significantly lower mean serum triglycerides (p < 0.001), Framingham cardiovascular risk score (p < 0.01) and lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05) and its components. Age and HOMA-IR were positive independent predictors of metabolic syndrome, while a negative independent association was found between metabolic syndrome and the homozygotes PNPLA3 I148M variant.ConclusionsWe suggest a lower prevalence of MetS and reduced cardiovascular risk in NAFLD patients with PNPLA3MM genotype.     

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the metabolic syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular disease: the plot thickens.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a substantial proportion of the general population and is frequently associated with many features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Currently, the importance of NAFLD and its relationship with the MetS is being increasingly recognized, and this has stimulated an interest in the possible role of NAFLD in the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have reported the association of NAFLD with multiple classical and non-classical risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, there is a strong association between the severity of liver histopathology in NAFLD patients and greater carotid artery intima-media thickness and plaque, and lower endothelial flow-mediated vasodilation (as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis) independent of obesity and other MetS components. Finally, it has recently been demonstrated that NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of all-cause death and predicts future CVD events independently of other prognostic factors, including MetS components. Overall, therefore, the evidence from these recent studies strongly emphasizes the importance of assessing the global CVD risk in patients with NAFLD. Moreover, these novel findings suggest a more complex picture and raise the possibility that NAFLD, as a component of the MetS, might not only be a marker but also an early mediator of CVD.