血管内成形术和支架植入术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄

目的 评价经皮血管内成形术和支架植入术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性、有效性和中短期疗效.方法 24例颅内动脉狭窄患者行经皮血管内成形术和支架植入术,其中颈内动脉颅内段狭窄6个,大脑中动脉狭窄7个,基底动脉及椎动脉颅内段狭窄11个.20例植入Wingspan支架,2例因Gateway球囊扩张满意而未植入支架,2例椎动脉颅内段狭窄者分别植入Apollo及Invastent Volo球囊支架.结果 经皮血管内成形术和支架植入术后,患者血管狭窄率由手术前60%～95%降为手术后残余狭窄率0～20%.23例随访2～24个月,效果良好,未见复发.2例植入Wingspan支架后1～3 h出现脑出血,1例死亡,1例轻度偏瘫,死残率为8.33%.结论 经皮血管内成形术和支架植入术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄有效,中短期疗效满意.在严格的准入标准下,Gateway球囊-Wingspan支架植入围手术期仍有严重并发症出现,值得关注.     

经皮血管内球囊成形支架置入术治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄

目的探讨经皮血管内球囊成形支架置入术治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄的适应症、疗效及安全性。方法应用血管内支架成形术对14例经内科药物治疗无效的椎动脉狭窄患者进行治疗,其中13例为后循环缺血,1例为前循环缺血卒中,但通过后循环侧枝代偿;脑数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查显示椎动脉V1段狭窄7例,V3～V4段结合部狭窄2例,V4段狭窄5例,狭窄率在50～69%4例、70～89例。结果支架置入后即刻行脑DSA,影像学所见8例狭窄血管管径恢复正常,4例血管残余狭窄<10%,2例血管残余狭窄<20%;术后采用Malek评定法评分,30d时14例均为1分;3个月时随访9例均为1分;1年时随访6例,1分5例,2分1例。结论经皮血管内球囊成形支架置入术治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄是一种安全有效的微创手术。     

Wingspan支架治疗有症状的大脑中动脉狭窄初步经验

目的报道我科用自膨Wingspan支架治疗大脑中动脉粥样硬化性狭窄围手术期的临床初步经验。方法所有病例经过Gateway球囊预扩后置入Wingspan支架。结果6个月内用此支架治疗10例病人,平均56.3岁,女6例,狭窄率均>50%,置入成功率100%。狭窄率均值(71.8±11.9)%,球囊预扩后为(36.5±15)%,支架置入后(24.9±13.3)%。1例在30d围手术期内出现脑梗死,无死亡。结论用Gateway球囊血管成形和Wingspan支架置入治疗大脑中动脉粥样硬化性狭窄,成功率高,围手术期致残率可接受,此技术对大脑中动脉粥样硬化性狭窄病人是可行的选择。     

12例椎-基底动脉串联病变的血管内治疗探讨

目的探讨经皮血管内支架成形术(PTAS)治疗椎-基底动脉重度狭窄串联病变的有效性、安全性及可行性。方法对12例(26处)经药物治疗无效的症状性椎-基底动脉串联病变患者采用经皮血管内支架成形术治疗。术前DSA示动脉直径狭窄率为65～100%,平均84.62±8.24%。结果本组支架置放成功率92.6%,术后平均狭窄率为16.92±14.84%;术后用mRS量表(改良RANKIN量表)评分,7例0分,3例1分,2例3分。发生2例围手术期并发症,年卒中率为6.2%;随访期间2例发生支架内再狭窄。结论血管内支架成形术治疗椎-基底动脉串联病变,在技术上可行,远期疗效良好。     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the subclavian artery in Takayasu disease: results of long-term follow-up

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic inflammatory arteriopathy of unknown etiology affecting the aorta and proximal portion of its main branches. Although it was initially reported in young women of Oriental descent, its current worldwide distribution is known to affect both sexes. In the last decade, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has emerged as a viable alternative in its treatment. However, the percentage of restenosis is more common in Takayasu disease than atherosclerotic lesions (21% vs 10%), probably due to diffuse inflammatory vascular involvement. Since the introduction of stent, this technique has emerged as a viable alternative to treatment of atherosclerotic stenotic lesions, although its efficacy and safety in Takayasu disease is still unclear. Herein, we report our experience in a woman with subclavian steal syndrome in whom Takayasu disease was diagnosed and treated with subclavian artery angioplasty and stent, with a good outcome during four years of follow-up.     

经皮血管内成形术治疗锁骨下动脉盗血综合征的疗效观察

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椎基底动脉狭窄的血管内支架成形治疗(附24例分析)

目的探讨经皮血管内支架成形术(PTAS)治疗椎基底动脉狭窄的有效性、安全性及可行性。方法对24例(26处)经药物治疗无效的症状性椎基底动脉狭窄病人采用经股动脉支架血管内成形术治疗。术前DSA示动脉直径狭窄率为60%～90%,平均(80.8±9.7)%。结果本组支架置放成功率96.2%。PTAS术后即刻复查DSA,示22处(88.0%)动脉狭窄的内腔直径扩大至正常的90%以上,3处(12.0%)超过60%;术后平均狭窄率4.4%。按NIHSS评分进行评估,术后明显改善15例,无变化7例,加重并死亡2例。随访1～30个月,行MRA复查2例,TCD复查14例(17次),DSA复查5例;1例术后1个月发生支架内再狭窄且出现脑缺血发作,经再次PTAS治愈;1例术后1年发生支架内再狭窄,病人无症状,予以动态观察。结论PTAS是治疗症状性椎基底动脉狭窄简便、安全、有效的方法,近期随访效果较好。     

经皮颈动脉狭窄血管内支架成形140例临床分析

目的分析总结我院140例经皮血管内支架治疗颈动脉狭窄的手术方法、适应证选择和并发症的预防。方法本组140例患者均经MRA或造影确诊,采用经股动脉入路,应用自膨式支架对颈动脉颅外段狭窄进行治疗。结果140例手术均获得成功,颈动脉狭窄得到有效改善,临床缺血症状术后得到明显改善,全脑循环时间缩短,脑组织血管染色好转,术后早期4例出现并发症,经治疗均获得较满意效果;随访5-24个月,未发现明显脑缺血发作,无发现支架内再狭窄病例。结论经皮血管内支架治疗颈动脉狭窄的手术方法逐渐成熟,适应证的选择和围手术期的专业处理以及娴熟的操作技巧是手术成功的关键。     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of post-irradiation stenosis of the vertebral artery

BackgroundThe outcomes of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) in patients with medically refractory post-irradiation stenosis of the vertebral artery (PISVA) have not been clarified.AimThis retrospective study evaluated the safety and outcomes of PTAS in patients with severe PISVA compared with their radiation-naïve counterparts (non-RT group).MethodsPatients with medically refractory severe symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis and undergoing PTAS between 2000 and 2021 were classified as the PISVA group or the non-RT group. The periprocedural neurological complications, periprocedural brain magnetic resonance imaging, the extent of symptom relief, and long-term stent patency were compared.ResultsAs compared with the non-RT group (22 cases, 24 lesions), the PISVA group (10 cases, 10 lesions) was younger (62.0 ± 8.6 vs 72.4 ± 9.7 years, P = 0.006) and less frequently had hypertension (40.0% vs 86.4%, P = 0.013) and diabetes mellitus (10.0% vs 54.6%, P = 0.024). Periprocedural embolic infarction was not significantly different between the non-RT group and the PISVA group (37.5% vs 35.7%, P = 1.000). At a mean follow-up of 72.1 ± 58.7 (3–244) months, there was no significant between-group differences in the symptom recurrence rate (0.00% vs 4.55%, P = 1.000) and in-stent restenosis rate (10.0% vs 12.5%, P = 1.000).ConclusionPTAS of severe medically refractory PISVA is effective in the management of vertebrobasilar ischemic symptoms in head and neck cancer patients. Technical safety and outcome of the procedure were like those features in radiation-naïve patients.     

症状性椎基底动脉狭窄的血管内治疗(附95例报告)

目的 总结椎基底动脉系统症状性血管狭窄的血管内治疗的策略、方法 、术中风险及术后疗效.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2008年7月治疗的95例采用支架置入治疗的症状性椎基底动脉狭窄患者的临床资料.结果 采用支架置入治疗的患者中,椎动脉起始部狭窄者21例,椎动脉颈段狭窄者3例,椎动脉颅内段狭窄者16例,椎基底动脉交界处狭窄者15例,基底动脉段狭窄者36例,大脑后动脉P2段狭窄者4例.所有狭窄均>50%.手术的技术成功率为97%(92/95).术后平均狭窄率从76.1%(50%～95%)下降到9.2%(0～20%).所有患者均在术后6个月-2年内随访,其中88例患者效果良好.结论 脑血管狭窄处支架置入术是目前治疗该类疾病的有效方法 ,其长期疗效还有待进一步观察.     

Five-year follow-up of stenting for a symptomatic posterior cerebral artery stenosis

Angioplasty and stenting in symptomatic intracranial stenosis is technically possible and may reduce the risk of stroke in patients with symptomatic arterial stenosis. We report a patient with P1 segment stenosis of posterior cerebral artery treated successfully with angioplasty and stenting with a favorable outcome. He had 5 years of clinical and imaging follow-up and no in-stent stenosis or new ischemic event was observed.     

腔内支架成形术治疗症状性基底动脉狭窄

目的 报告应用腔内支架成形术治疗基底动脉狭窄的初步经验。方法 14例基底动脉狭窄患者应用球囊膨胀支架行腔内成形术治疗。结果 9例恢复正常管径,5例狭窄程度减少80％以上,无手术相关并发症。所有患者均恢复满意,无TIA再发作或中风;8例影像学随访6-12个月,均无血管再狭窄。结论腔内支架成形术治疗基底动脉狭窄的早期结果是令人满意的,但需要远期的临床及影像随访结果。     

局部动脉内溶栓结合经皮腔内血管成形术治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞

目的：评价局部动脉内溶栓和经皮腔内血管成形术（ＰＴＡ）结合在治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞中的应用。方法：７例急性大脑中动脉闭塞用局部动脉内灌注ｔ－ＰＡ溶栓，６例Ｍ１段同时存在狭窄，用ＰＴＡ成功消除；所有病例均在发病６小时内开始治疗。结果：７例均获得闭塞动脉完全再通，６例Ｍ１段狭窄用ＰＴＡ消除，５例偏瘫完全恢复，１例有脑出血并发症。结论：局部动脉内溶栓和ＰＴＡ结合可能是治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞的有效方法。     

Feasibility of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for carotid artery stenosis.

Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty was attempted in seven patients with internal carotid artery stenosis, including one patient who had two procedures. All had recurrent, carotid territory, neurological symptoms considered haemodynamic in origin. Six had occlusion of the contralateral internal carotid artery. Cerebral blood flow studies confirmed diminished cerebrovascular reserve in six patients studied. In five patients (six procedures) angioplasty of the stenosed internal carotid artery was carried out successfully. With two patients technical difficulty in crossing the stenosis prevented angioplasty and in one patient with bilateral stenosis the procedure was not attempted on the second side because of the severity of the stenosis. In two patients transient aphasia developed during cannulation of the carotid artery and in another a transient monoparesis developed during the procedure. Both these haemodynamic complications recovered within ten minutes. No other complications occurred. Our experience suggests that balloon angioplasty is technically feasible in the management of stenotic carotid disease associated with haemodynamic stroke. It is a technically simple procedure requiring only a brief admission to hospital. However, its general application to patients with thromboembolic carotid-territory stroke will depend on the risk/benefit ratio compared to carotid endarterectomy or to conventional medical treatment.     

大脑中动脉重度狭窄"亚满意"支架成形术前后的血流动力学参数分析

目的探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)M1段重度狭窄"亚满意"成形术前、后血流动力学参数的变化。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年5月郑州大学人民医院脑血管介入治疗中心采用Enterprise支架治疗的20例MCA M1段重度狭窄患者的临床资料。对所有患者手术前、后均行头颅数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,根据脑血管旋转造影数据建立数值模型,应用血流动力学系列软件计算手术前、后及计算机模拟狭窄部位完全修复后狭窄局部、狭窄近端、远端正常血管及穿支根部的壁剪切力和管腔内总压力。术后复查DSA判断血管狭窄程度,以残余狭窄率<30%(定义为"亚满意")为手术成功。结果20例患者的手术均成功。术后即刻造影显示MCA狭窄率较术前明显降低[分别为(29.9±13.2)%、(86.6±10.0)%,t=15.31,P<0.05]。20例患者术后MCA狭窄部位和穿支根部的壁剪切力均较术前降低[狭窄部:(25.1±4.6)Pa、(49.0±13.2)Pa,穿支根部:(1.1±0.2)Pa、(3.5±0.4)Pa,均P<0.05],而狭窄近端和远端正常血管的壁剪切力均较术前增高[近端:(7.2±3.8)Pa、(3.6±2.6)Pa,远端:(12.6±5.8)Pa、(4.9±2.6)Pa,均P<0.05]。术后狭窄部位和近端正常血管壁面的总压力均较术前降低[狭窄部位:(276.5±86.3)Pa、(992.6±15.7)Pa,狭窄近端:(605.4±27.8)Pa、(992.6±15.7)Pa,均P<0.05],而穿支根部和狭窄远端正常血管的总压力均较术前增高[穿支根部:(58.2±5.6)Pa、(2.7±0.3)Pa,狭窄远端:(101.0±43.4)Pa、(10.3±4.3)Pa,均P<0.05]。通过计算机技术将狭窄部位管腔恢复至同两端血管完全一致时,狭窄部位、狭窄近端、远端正常血管及穿支根部的壁剪切力、总压力与术后的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论MCA M1段重度狭窄"亚满意"成形术后狭窄局部、近端、远端正常血管及穿支根部的血流动力学参数均较术前发生明显改变,且达到较理想的血流动力学状态。     

Prognostic factors and therapeutic outcome of isolated symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis

To analyze the prognostic factors and therapeutic outcome of adult patients with isolated symptomatic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Forty-nine patients were retrospectively verified with isolated symptomatic stenosis of the MCA through both magnetic resonance angiogram and transcranial color-coded duplex sonography. Therapeutic outcome at 1 year or more was determined using a modified Barthel index (BI). For the purpose of analysis, the patients were divided into two groups: a good outcome group (BI > or = 12) and a poor outcome group (BI < 12 or recurrent stroke). The association between different therapeutic regimens and the percent free of recurrent stroke after the first event of cerebral infarction was assessed with Kaplan-Meier plots compared by a log-rank test. These patients accounted for 2.8% of all patients with the first event of cerebral infarction during the same period. At follow-up of 1 year or more, 63% had good outcomes whilst the other 37% had poor outcomes. Overall, 26.5% suffered from recurrent strokes during the follow-up period. According to the statistical analysis, the stepwise logistic regression revealed that only the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at the time of admission was independently associated with a poor outcome. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly higher percentage of patients free of recurrent stroke events amongst those who were treated with warfarin. The NIHSS at the time of admission was a predictor of outcome amongst our patients, and stenosis of the MCA implies the danger of recurrent cerebral events. Our study also demonstrates the efficacy of oral anticoagulants in the secondary prevention in this specific group of patients. Therefore, we look forward to more prospective multicenter investigations in evaluating the efficiency of therapy in the future.     

Wingspan支架治疗颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄

颅内动脉粥样硬化是缺血性卒中的主要病因,Wingspan自膨胀式支架作为治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的一种措施越来越引起人们的兴趣.随着其广泛应用,手术的有效性及安全性受到人们的关注.文章就近年来研究进展作一综述.