闭合性胰腺创伤的临床诊断和治疗研究进展

闭合性胰腺创伤并不常见,其影像学表现不明显,合并多器官损伤相互掩盖,临床体征不明确,往往难以诊断,易误诊、漏诊,故病死率高。闭合性胰腺创伤应结合影像学证据、实验室检查,综合受伤史和临床表现进行诊断。其治疗取决于创伤级别和部位,对于血流动力学稳定的低级别创伤,通常采用非手术治疗方案,包括禁食、全肠外营养、应用生长抑素、抑酸治疗、外引流、胰管支架置入、重复影像学检查以及结合患者具体情况积极处理并发症和合并症等;血流动力学不稳定的患者通常不建议非手术治疗。高级别创伤手术难度大,通常依据“损伤控制”原则,综合患者受伤情况、生理状态及术中实际情况权衡利弊,并结合所在诊疗中心实际能力选择合适的个体化治疗策略,必要时可考虑转往区域性胰腺中心治疗。闭合性胰腺创伤后常见的并发症包括假性囊肿和胰瘘等,术后应尽早使用生长抑素来减少胰液的分泌,预防胰瘘,也可以通过经皮引流置入、内镜下支架置入和内镜下囊肿-胃造口术或囊肿-空肠造口术来处理。胰腺假性囊肿的形成多因术后引流不畅所致,通过适当冲洗和穿刺置管引流便可治愈,很少需要再次手术。笔者结合既往研究文献及所在中国人民解放军空军军医大学第一附属医院治疗经验对闭合性...     

闭合性胰腺损伤的诊断和治疗

目的　探讨闭合性胰腺损伤的诊断和治疗。方法　回顾性分析 2 3年间收治的闭合性胰腺损伤 5 8例的临床资料。结果　行 1次B超检查的阳性诊断率为 5 1.1% ;2次以上B超的阳性率为70 .0 %。行 1次CT检查的阳性诊断率为 65 .0 % ;行 2次以上CT检查的阳性率为 91.3 %。手术治疗3 7例 ,术前诊断 2 5例 ( 67.6% ) ,术中探查诊断 12例 ( 3 2 .4% )。其中I级 10例 ,II级 13例 ,III级 9例 ,IV级 4例 ,V级 1例 ;非手术治疗 2 1例 ,其中I级 11例 ,II级 7例 ,III级 3例。全组死亡 6例 ( 10 .4% ) ,其中非手术治疗组无死亡 ,手术组死亡率为 16.2 % ( 6/ 3 7) ;死亡原因主要为多器官功能衰竭( 5 / 6,83 .3 % )。全组治疗后形成胰腺假性囊肿 11例 ( 19.0 % ) ,其中手术组 3例 ( 8.1% ) ,非手术组8例 ( 3 8.1% )。结论　闭合性胰腺损伤的诊断应结合临床及动态B超、CT检查 ,非手术治疗对无主胰管损伤的闭合性胰腺损伤是一种好的选择 ;手术治疗适于重度闭合性胰腺损伤及伴有腹内脏器合并伤者     

腹部闭合性损伤临床和超声结合诊断方法介绍

腹部闭合性损伤临床和超声结合诊断方法介绍天津市天津医院急创中心（天津３００２１１）金晓琴，金鸿宾我院自１９８８～１９９４年期间，急诊临床医师结合临床直接操作Ｂ超，对２０００例腹部闭合性损伤病人做出了明确诊断。从中查出有内脏破裂的３８５例，腹部Ｂ超假阳...     

闭合性肾损伤的诊治(142例分析)

目的 探讨闭合性肾损伤的诊断及治疗.方法 回顾分析了7003年1月至2008年2月共收治闭合性肾损伤患者142例.结果 闭合性肾损伤患者治愈136例,其中保守治疗124例,肾修补2例,肾切除8例,选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗2例.死亡6例.结论 CT可准确进行伤情评估,对治疗方案有指导作用.严格掌握保守治疗和手术指征,预防并发症的发生.     

腹腔穿刺术和腹腔灌洗术对腹部闭合性损伤诊断的意义

腹腔穿刺术和腹腔灌洗术对腹部闭合性损伤诊断的意义严际慎，王竹平腹部闭合性损伤临床上颇为常见。诊断的关键是确定有无内脏损伤。大部分怀疑有腹腔内出血或空腔脏器穿孔的病人通过病史、体征，结合必要的检查，便可确诊，但也有一部分病人诊断不能明确，需要通过腹腔穿...     

腹部闭合性损伤148例临床分析

腹部闭合性损伤较为常见,其危险主要是腹腔实质器官或大血管损伤引起的大出血以及空腔脏器破损造成的腹腔感染,临床诊断和处理较为困难,容易误诊、误治而延误病情。本院自1999年1月至2001年12月,共收治腹部闭合性损伤148例,占同期普外科病人1.64%(148/8992),取得了较好的疗效。现总结如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料:本组男128例,女20例,年龄7～73岁,平均35.6岁。1.2临床资料:全组148例中车祸伤72例,斗殴伤43例,坠落伤33例。受损脏器依次为:脾脏75例,肝脏36例,大小肠35例,胰腺8例,胃7例,伴有肠系膜上静脉破裂2例,左隔肌破裂伴膈疝1例。其中多…     

腹部闭合性损伤的诊治体会

在外科临床工作中，腹部闭合性损伤是常见的急腹症，其特点是病因复杂、病情发展较快、死亡率高。因此，对腹部闭合性损伤的病人，早期的诊断和正确的处理，是降低腹部损伤死亡率，提高治愈率的关键。     

严重腹部闭合性损伤的临床观察与护理

目的:总结严重腹部闭合性损伤病人的临床观察和护理措施.在救治过程中要重视早期监测治疗,如采取的正确卧位、尽快安置"四管"、及时处理合并伤、动态观察内出血和腹膜炎的临床表现等,为早期明确诊断和进一步治疗提供可靠依据,以助救治成功提高治愈率.方法:观察30例严重腹部闭合性损伤病人住院期间的病情变化及护理方法.结果:经细致的观察护理,30例病人中26例治愈出院,3例好转出院,1例死亡,无严重并发症.结论:严密观察病情和准确记录生命体征变化,早期明确诊断,积极有的护措施,是抢救严重腹部闭合性损伤病人成功的关键.     

腹部闭合性损伤78例的诊治体会

目的　探讨腹部闭合性损伤的诊断与治疗。方法　对我院 1988年 10月至 1999年 5月收治的且病史资料收集齐全的 78例腹部闭合性损伤患者的诊治过程做回顾性分析。结果　全组78例皆手术治疗。治愈 71例 ,死亡 7例 ,发生各种并发症 33例。结论　腹部闭合性损伤脏器受损程度重 ,2个以上脏器损伤多见 ,合并伤多 ,并发症多 ,死亡率高     

Adrenal rupture after blunt abdominal trauma

The case of a patient, victim of a car accident, with rupture of the left adrenal gland associated with splenic rupture and liver laceration is reported. Injury of the adrenal glands is most frequently caused by blunt abdominal trauma and is usually associated with injuries of other abdominal organs. Careful exploration of the upper retroperitoneal space where adrenals are located is considered necessary during laparotomy for severe blunt abdominal trauma. If adrenal lesion has been overlooked continuous hemorrhage may occur, which could be lethal if not promptly treated.     

Mesenteric injury after blunt abdominal trauma.

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience of mesenteric injuries after blunt abdominal trauma. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital, Greece. SUBJECTS: 31 patients with mesenteric injuries out of 333 who required operations for blunt abdominal trauma between March 1978 and March 1998. 21 were diagnosed within 6 hours (median 160 min, early group) and in 10 the diagnosis was delayed (median 21 hours, range 15 hours-7 days, delayed group). INTERVENTIONS: Emergency laparotomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, morbidity, and hospital stay. RESULTS: There were no deaths. The diagnosis was confirmed by diagnostic peritoneal lavage in 17/21 patients in the early group whereas 7/10 in the delayed group were diagnosed by clinical examination alone. Most of the injuries (n = 23) were caused by road traffic accidents. 30 patients had injured the small bowel mesentery and 4 the large bowel mesentery. 25 of the 31 patients had associated injuries. There were no complications in the early group, compared with 6 wound infections and 1 case of small bowel obstruction in the delayed group (p < 0.0001). Median hospital stay in the early group was 11 days (range 3-24) compared with 23 days (range 10-61) in the delayed group (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Because delay in diagnosis is significantly associated with morbidity and duration of hospital stay we recommend that all patients admitted with blunt abdominal trauma should have a diagnostic peritoneal lavage as soon as possible     

Right atrial rupture after abdominal blunt trauma

If the cardiac injuries are frequent after closed chest traumatism, the cardiac injuries after abdominal closed traumatism are unusual but serious. We report the case of a right auricular rupture associated with a liver injury after a closed abdominal traumatism. The diagnosis was suspected on the TDM and confirmed by echocardiography. An emergency sternotomy was performed due to sudden haemodynamic instability. The initial clinical signs are often misleading. However the diagnosis must be made quickly and the treatment begun without delay.     

Renal artery pseudoaneurysm after blunt abdominal trauma

Renal artery pseudoaneurysms are rare after blunt abdominal trauma; only 11 cases have been previously reported. Pseudoaneurysms are caused by decelerating injuries of the renal artery after major falls or automobile accidents. Patients may be asymptomatic for many years, and the pseudoaneurysm may expand and rupture before diagnosis or treatment. The patients in four untreated cases died. The diagnosis of renal artery pseudoaneurysm can be made by Doppler sonography, computerized tomography, renal perfusion imaging, or contrast angiography. Treatment requires either surgical or percutaneous intervention. Renal salvage was possible in five of the seven patients treated. We report two additional patients with successful outcomes after surgical intervention. (J Vasc Surg 1998;27:362-5.)     

Hepatic venous injury after blunt abdominal trauma

Data on 306 liver injuries were collected prospectively during a 10-year period. Of the 306 injuries, 281 were the result of blunt trauma. Major hepatic venous injuries were encountered in 41 of 306 patients (13%). Blunt trauma was responsible for 39 of the 41 venous injuries. Twenty-five (61%) of these patients died compared with an overall mortality rate of 31% (chi 2; p less than 0.001). Twenty-two of the 25 deaths were caused by blood loss. Two patterns of hepatic venous injury appeared to predominate: avulsion of the trunk of the right hepatic vein from the inferior vena cava and avulsion of the upper branch of the right hepatic vein. The trunk injury was seen in 15 patients, 12 of whom died. The branch injury was seen in 13 patients, only 4 of whom died (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.006). In what appears to be the largest series of blunt hepatic venous injuries published, the injuries have been classified according to the anatomic site of the injury. Such a classification correlates with prognosis. Differences between blunt and penetrating hepatic venous trauma have been discussed.