红景天药材有效成分没食子酸红景天苷及酪醇的含量测定

目的:对红景天药材有效成分没食子酸、红景天苷、酪醇的含量进行测定。方法:采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对红景天药材有效成分进行测定,色谱柱为Eclipse XDB-C8(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为V(0.5%磷酸水溶液):V(甲醇)=95:5,柱温40℃,流速为1.0ml/min,以波长为278nm条件下对红景天药材有效成分没食子酸、红景天苷、酪醇的含量进行检测。结果:没食子酸、红景天苷、酪醇样品溶液与对照品溶液线性关系良好,经过精密度实验、重现性实验、回收率实验检验后的色谱条件下对红景天药材有效成分含量测定后,其药材中没食子酸、红景天苷、酪醇平均含量分别为0.1797%、3.0551%、0.7830%,RSD分别为0.64%、0.72%、0.85%。结论:利用HPLC对红景天药材中没食子酸、红景天苷、酪醇的含量进行测定,可对红景天药材质量的控制及真伪优劣评价提供理论依据。     

不同产地红景天药材中酪醇的含量测定

目的 测定并比较不同产地红景天药材中酪醇的含量.方法 高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,乙腈-水(1:9)为流动相,检测波长为280 nm.结果 11个不同产地红景天药材中酪醇含量在0.048%～0.382%,其中新疆诚德所产红景天药材酪醇含量最高(0.382%).结论 不同产地红景天药材中酪醇的含量差异显著.     

红景天注射液中红景天苷和酪醇的定性定量分析

目的:建立红景天注射液中的红景天苷和酪醇的定性定量分析方法。方法:采用薄层色谱法对红景天注射液中的红景天苷和酪醇进行鉴别:采用高效液相色谱法对红景天苷和酪醇进行含量测定。结果:薄层鉴别斑点清晰,重现性好。高效液相色谱法测定红景天苷和酪醇的平均回收率分别为97.6和99.1(n=5),RSD分别为1.10和2.69。结论:本实验所建立的分析方法简便,灵敏,可靠,可作为红景天注射液中红景天苷和酪醇的定性定量分析方法。     

SPE-HPLC测定注射用红景天(冻干)中红景天苷和酪醇的含量

目的:测定注射用红景天(冻干)中红景天苷和酪醇的含量。方法:选用C₁₈固相萃取小柱对样品进行纯化后用高效液相色谱法测定红景天苷和酪醇含量。Irregular-H C₁₈柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,10μm),流动相甲醇-乙腈-0.06%磷酸(10∶10∶80),流速1.0 mL.min^-1,检测波长275 nm,柱温30℃。结果:红景天苷在2.24~22.4μg、酪醇在0.856~8.56μg呈现良好的线性相关性,r分别为0.999 7,0.999 6,平均回收率分别为101.3%,99.8%。结论:本方法简便快捷,分离度好,结果准确可靠。     

UPLC测定大花红景天中5种化学成分的含量

目的:建立UPLC法同时测定大花红景天中没食子酸、红景天苷、酪醇、没食子酸乙酯、对香豆酸5种成分的含量,运用主成分分析法对38批不同来源的商品药材和自采药材进行对比分析。方法:采用ACQUITY UPLCHSS T3色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm);以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速:0.2 m L/min;柱温:40℃;进样量:2μL;检测波长:没食子酸、红景天苷、酪醇、没食子酸乙酯为275 nm,对香豆酸为308 nm。结果:各指标成分之间分离度良好,在选定的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9995),平均加样回收率(n=6)为96.54%~102.15%,RSD为1.95%~2.95%,表明该法快速、准确,具有良好的重复性和稳定性。主成分分析结果表明,商品药材与自采药材中上述几种成分存在一定的差异。结论:建立的UPLC检测方法可用于快速测定大花红景天中5种成分的含量,能够为红景天药材标准的提高和完善提供依据。     

HPLC-小粒径色谱柱法测定红景天提取物中红景天苷、酪醇和络赛维

目的 建立应用小粒径色谱柱快速测定红景天(蔷薇红景天)提取物中红景天苷、酪醇和络赛维的HPLC方法.方法 色谱柱为HALO C1s(150mm×4.6 mm,2.7μm):流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱:0～5 min,7%～15%A;5～8min,15%～18%A;8～20min,18%～30%A;20～25min,30%～40%A;25～30min,40%～55%A;体积流量0.6mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长280 nm;进样量5 μL.结果 红景天苷、酪醇、络赛维15min内达到分离,峰形尖锐对称,线性范围分别为0.41～106.00、0.42～108.00、0.38～98.00 μg/mL,平均加样回收率分别为99.29%、98.82%、98.33%.采用所建立的方法测定不同来源红景天提取物的多种成分,结果表明单一采用红景天苷作为质量控制指标,9批样品的差异度较小(RSD=7.95%),如果将酪醇或络赛维引入质量评价体系,则红景天提取物各批次间就存在较大的差异(酪醇,RSD=24.42%;络赛维,RSD=50.55%);但是,同一单位提供的样品间的差异度较小.结论 建立的HPLC-小粒径色谱柱法高效、准确,经济,精密度好,灵敏度高,可用于红景天提取物中的红景天苷、酪醇和络赛维的同时快速测定;引入多成分的测定方法,可以评价不同厂家提取物质量的差异,并筛选出导致质量差异的成分,为提取物的工艺优化提供参考.     

红景天中红景天苷和酪醇提取工艺研究

目的:优选红景天中红景天苷和酪醇的提取工艺。方法:采用L9(34)正交实验法,以浸膏得率、红景天苷、酪醇含量为评价指标,考察乙醇浓度(%)、溶剂量(倍)、提取时间(h)对提取的影响。结果:以6倍量80%乙醇提取2 h,提取2次为最佳提取工艺。结论:优选工艺条件可为新药研究和工业化生产提供参考。     

女贞子不同工艺炮制品中红景天苷和酪醇含量比较

目的:探讨不同炮制方法对女贞子中红景天苷和酪醇含量的影响.方法:以红景天苷和酪醇含量为指标,对女贞子不同工艺炮制品进行比较.用HPLC法测定红景天苷和酪醇的含量.结果:女贞子经不同方法炮制后红景天苷和酪醇含量均有不同程度的升高,尤以红天苷含量增加显著.结论:炮制对女贞子中红景天苷含量有显著的影响.     

HPLC测定不同品种红景天中红景天苷的含量

红景天为景天科红景天属多种植物的根及根茎,或以全草入药,至今已有1 000多年的药用历史,具有清热解毒,燥湿,滋补强壮、扶正固本的功能。其主要有效成分是红景天苷及其苷元酪醇,酪萨维,二苯甲基六氢吡啶,红景天素等。其中,红景天苷的化学结构和药理作用明确[1,2],为红景天属药用植物的主要有效成分之一[3],红景天苷常用的测定方法为HPLC[4]。因此,本实验以红景天苷作为指标,采用HPLC对4种主流红景天商品药材(大花红景天、库页红....     

微生物酶的方法提高红景天苷和酪醇的研究

目的 通过酶学方法短时间内提高红景天苷和酪醇的含量.方法 微生物固体和液体发酵法,通过硫酸铵沉淀法从黑曲霉H35和H42的发酵液中提取合成红景天苷和酪醇的红景天苷合成酶系和酪醇合成酶系.通过酶促反应提高红景天苷和酪醇的含量.结果 通过酶学的方法使得红景天苷和酪醇的含量分别提高了194.2%和83.8%.通过两种酶的协调作用使得红景天苷和酪醇的含量分别提高了139.9%和191.1 %.酪醇合成酶的最适反应pH和温度分别为5.5℃和40℃;红景天苷合成酶的最适反应pH和温度分别为5.0℃和45℃.酪醇合成酶在pH4～6.5温度低于65℃有较好稳定性;红景天苷合成酶在pR3.5～6.5温度低于60℃下具有较好的稳定性.结论 酶学方法可以在短期间内将红景天苷和酪醇的含量提高139.9%和191.1%,具有较高的实用经济效益.     

泽漆化学成分

目的:研究大戟属植物泽漆的化学成分。方法:采用正相硅胶色谱、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、反相制备色谱等手段进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果:从石油醚层和乙酸乙酯层中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为大戟苷(Ⅰ)、大戟苷D(Ⅱ)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅳ)、柚皮素(Ⅴ)、木犀草素(Ⅵ)、木犀草苷(Ⅶ)、4,2’,4’-三羟基查尔酮(Ⅷ)、山柰酚(Ⅸ)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(Ⅹ)、咖啡酸(Ⅺ)和没食子酸乙酯(Ⅻ)。结论:化合物Ⅲ～Ⅶ为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

牡荆属植物的研究进展

至今为止人们对牡荆属植物中的黃荆和蔓荆进行了较多的研究,从中发现包括黄酮类、萜类、木脂素类、甾醇类、蒽类及挥发油等在内的不同类型的多种化学成分。一些试验结果确认牡荆属植物中富含的黄酮类化合物可用于延缓衰老,防治心血管疾病等作用,显示有较好的开发应用价值。由于牡荆属植物在我国分布广泛,植物种类多样,其中很多品种已作为民间用药,如果附加科学内涵加以研究开发,该属植物将有巨大的消费市场,同时也将会成为一种涉及民生和关系区域发展的经济作物。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

中医药防治幽门螺杆菌相关性胃病的研究进展

查阅近几年国内外文献,对中医药抗幽门螺杆菌的实验研究相关文献进行整理并分析。检索万方医学数据库、中国知网(CNKI)和西文生物医学期刊数据库的38篇文献,将中药抗Heticobacter pylori的体外实验、体内实验的研究进展做一总结,并分析其机制。以往的研究从有效成分的筛选、抑菌浓度实验、抗菌机制研究和中医药对幽门螺杆菌感染动物模型的疗效研究,逐步扩展到细胞分子水平的观察。在今后的实验中还应紧密结合中医理论指导,合理选择中药和复方,规范动物模型制作和辨证分型,并严谨实验设计,才能更好的说明问题,以期为中医药防治幽门螺杆菌相关性胃病的更深入研究及临床应用奠定基础。     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

红药根的化学成分研究

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、高效制备液相等方法,对红药根的甲醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过质谱（MS）、波谱数据分析（¹H,¹³C-NMR）进行结构鉴定。从红药根的甲醇提取物中分离7个化合物,分别鉴定为plantainoside A（1）,plantainoside B（2）,calcedarioside C（3）,calcedarioside D（4）,platyphylloside（5）,hirsutanonol（6）和hirsutanonol-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（7）。化合物均5~7为首次从该科物中分离得到。