金银花提取物化学成分研究

目的:研究金银花提取物中的化学成分。方法:采用薄层色谱,硅胶柱色谱和凝胶柱色谱法进行分离纯化,通过理化方法和MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR等谱学技术进行结构鉴定。结果:分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为:木犀草素(Ⅰ)、木犀草苷(Ⅱ)、槲皮素(Ⅲ)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)、槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ)、芦丁(Ⅵ)、绿原酸(Ⅶ)。结论:化合物Ⅴ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

凤尾草中黄酮类化学成分研究

目的研究凤尾草的化学成分。方法应用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱对凤尾草化学成分进行分离、纯化,根据理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从凤尾草乙酸乙酯及水部位分离鉴定了9个黄酮类化合物,分别为芹菜素(1),芹菜素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),野漆树苷(3),芹菜素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖-4’-O-α-L-鼠李糖(4),新西兰牡荆苷(5),木犀草素(6),木犀草素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),忍冬苷(8),木犀草素-6-C-β-D-葡萄糖-8-C-β-D-木糖苷(9)。结论化合物3及8为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物5及9为首次从凤尾蕨科中分离得到。     

神农香菊化学成分研究

目的:研究神农香菊的化学成分.方法:运用柱层析、半制备液相色谱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定化合物结构.结果:共分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别为刺槐素(Ⅰ)、芹菜素(Ⅱ)、刺槐素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)、木犀草素(Ⅴ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅵ)和β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅶ).结论:其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

栾树花化学成分研究

目的:对栾树花进行化学成分研究。方法:采用硅胶、聚酰胺柱层析进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果:从栾树花乙酸乙酯部位中分离得到9个化合物,经鉴定分别为:胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ)、没食子酸(Ⅱ)、山柰酚(Ⅲ)、木犀草素(Ⅳ)、山柰素-3-O-(6″-乙酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ)、2″-O-乙酰基金丝桃苷(Ⅵ)、2″-O-没食子酰基金丝桃苷(Ⅶ)、金丝桃苷(Ⅷ)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅸ)。结论:9个化合物均为首次从栾树花中分离得到;化合物Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅸ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

裸花紫珠黄酮苷类化合物的分离与结构鉴定

目的:研究裸花紫珠95%乙醇提取物的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶,MCI,C_(18)等柱色谱方法对裸花紫珠中化学成分进行分离纯化,并经波谱数据分析和文献对照鉴定化合物结构。结果:从裸花紫珠叶95%乙醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为木犀草苷(1),木犀草素-3'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),木犀草素-4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷丁酯(4),木犀草素-3'-O-(6″-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),木犀草素-4'-O-(6'-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),木犀草素-7-O-(6″-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),木犀草素-7-O-(6″-E-阿魏酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)。结论:化合物4为首次从该植物分离得到。     

宽叶大戟化学成分研究

目的:研究宽叶大戟的化学成分.方法:对宽叶大戟全草95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分进行色谱分离,根据光谱数据和理化性质确定各化合物的结构.结果:分离并鉴定了9个化合物,分别为:宽叶大戟素(1),山柰素(2),木犀草素(3),槲皮素(4),胡萝卜苷(5),山柰素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(8)和没食子酸(9).结论:化合物1为新化合物,化合物3和8为首次从本植物中分离得到.     

半枝莲化学成分的研究

目的 研究半枝莲Scutellaria barbata的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶柱色谱及制备高效液相色谱等手段分离纯化,通过理化常数测定结合光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构.结果 从半枝莲中分离得到20个化合物,已鉴定其中17个化合物,其中10个为黄酮类化合物.分别鉴定为:β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,I)、对羟基苯甲醛(4-hydroxybenzaldehyde,Ⅱ)、苯甲酸(benzoic acid,Ⅲ)、胡萝卜苷(daucostero,Ⅳ)、肉桂酸(cinnamic acid,Ⅴ)、绿原酸(chlorogenic,Ⅵ)、香草酸(vanillic acid,Ⅶ)、汉黄芩素(wogonin,Ⅷ)、槲皮素(quercetin,Ⅸ)、芹菜素(apigenin,Ⅹ)、黄芩素(baicalein,Ⅺ)、柚皮素(naringenin,Ⅻ)、木犀草素(luteolin,ⅩⅢ)、野黄芩苷(scutellarin,ⅩⅣ)、黄芩苷(baicalin,ⅩⅤ)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(luteilin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,ⅩⅥ)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,ⅩⅦ).结论 化合物Ⅲ、Ⅴ～Ⅶ、Ⅸ、ⅩⅥ均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

泽兰的化学成分研究

目的:研究泽兰的化学成分.方法:用硅胶、反相硅胶、凝胶柱色谱等方法分离化合物,用波谱方法结合理化性质鉴定其结构.结果:从泽兰中分离得到8个化合物,分别为白桦酸(1),arjunetin(2),齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖酯(3),芹菜苷(4),木犀草素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),木犀草素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸甲酯(6),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸丁酯(7),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(8).结论:化合物2,3,4,7均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

牡荆叶中1个新黄酮苷类化合物

目的研究牡荆Vitex negundo var.cannabifolia叶中黄酮苷类化学成分。方法采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和ODS等柱色谱技术,对牡荆叶的化学成分进行分离、纯化,通过其理化性质及MS、NMR等谱学数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果从牡荆叶95%乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯萃取部位分离得到7个黄酮苷类化合物,分别鉴定为木犀草素-4′-O-(6″-O-对羟基苯甲酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、木犀草素-7-O-(6″-O-对羟基苯甲酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、木犀草素-6-C-(6"-O-反式-咖啡酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、木犀草素-6-C-(2″-O-反式-咖啡酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、perfoliatuminA(5)、异牡荆素(6)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)。结论化合物1为新化合物,命名为牡荆宁G;化合物2~4、7为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物5为首次从牡荆属植物中分离得到。     

藏药脉花党参的化学成分(英文)

目的:研究藏药脉花党参 Codonopsis nervosa ( Chipp.) Nannf.地上部分的化学成分。方法:采用 D101 大孔树脂柱、硅胶柱、ODS 柱、凝胶柱等色谱手段进行化学分离和纯化, 并利用各种波谱技术进行结构鉴定。结果:分离并鉴定了 15 个化合物, 分别为柯伊利素(1), 苜蓿素(2), 芹菜素(3), 琥珀酸(4), β-胡萝卜苷(5), 木犀草素(6), 木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),ethylsyringin (8), 芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9), 木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→6)-[(6’’’-O-咖啡酸)-β-D-葡萄糖苷](10), 木犀草素-7-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷(11), 丁香苷(12), 绿原酸(13), 新绿原酸(14), 对羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖苷(15)。结论:化合物 1 5, 8, 9, 12, 14,15 均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.     

Comparative “in vitro” evaluation of the antiresorptive activity residing in four Ayurvedic medicinal plants. Hemidesmus indicus emerges for its potential in the treatment of bone loss diseases

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Four Indian plants, traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine: Asparagus racemosus Willd., Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Hemidesmus indicus R. Br., and Rubia cordifolia L. were selected on the basis of their ethnobotanical use and of scientific evidence that suggests a potential efficacy in the treatment of bone-loss diseases. The antiresorptive properties of the four plants have been investigated. The aim was to provide adequate evidence for the exploitation of natural compounds as alternative therapeutics for the treatment of diseases caused by increased osteoclast activity.

Materials and methods

Decoctions were prepared from dried plant material according to the traditional procedure and standardization by HPLC was performed using marker compounds for each species. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and radical scavenging activity of the decoctions were also determined. The bioactivity of the plant decoctions was evaluated in subsequent phases. (1) A cytotoxicity screening was performed on the mouse monocytic RAW 264.7 cell line to define the concentrations that could be utilized in the following step. (2) The antiresorptive properties of plant decoctions were compared with that of a “gold standard” drug (alendronate) by measuring osteoclastogenesis inhibition and osteoclast apoptosis. (3) The toxic effect on bone forming cells was excluded by evaluating the impact on the proliferation of osteogenic precursors (mesenchymal stem cells, MSC).

Results

All the decoctions inhibited osteoclastogenesis similarly to alendronate at the highest doses, but Hemidesmus indicus and Rubia cordifolia were also effective at lower concentrations. Apoptosis increased significantly when cells were exposed to the highest concentration of Emblica officinalis, Hemidesmus indicus, and Rubia cordifolia. All concentrations of Emblica officinalis tested inhibited the proliferation of osteogenic precursors, while only the highest doses of Asparagus racemosus and Rubia cordifolia were toxic. On the contrary, Hemidesmus indicus did not affect osteogenic precursor growth at any concentration tested.

Conclusion

Among the medicinal plants included in the study, Hemidesmus indicus showed the greatest antiosteoclastic activity without toxic effect on osteogenic precursors. Therefore, Hemidesmus indicus exhibits the properties of an antiresorptive drug and represents the ideal candidate for further clinical investigations.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chrysanthemum indicum (Compositae) Linné, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) Y. H. Chen et C. Ling are three of the extensively used herbal remedies among traditional Chinese medicines for the purpose of anti-inflammation. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recipe named CPZ consisting extracts of the above three herbs, has shown noteworthy anti-influenza activity, which is closely related to its anti-inflammatory feature.

Aim of this study

To investigated the anti-inflammtory activity of CPZ in vivo for a further exploration of the recipe's anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory property of CPZ on acute inflammation was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene (DMB)-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement in mice, as well as the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model, in which inflammation-related cytokine including prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) in the edematous paw tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, effect of CPZ on chronic inflammation was observed through granuloma formation in rats subjected to cotton pellet implantation.

Results

CPZ (340, 170, and 85 mg/kg for mice, p.o.) not only decreased the DMB-induced ear vasodilatation but also attenuated capillary permeability under acetic acid challenge in mice. And the significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed. Further more, the ELISA results showed that CPZ (170, 85, and 42.5 mg/kg for rats, p.o.) could up-regulate the level of IL-1β in the edema paw tissue of rats significantly while down-regulate that of PGE₂, but no apparent effect on TNF-α or NO was observed in the test. Besides, CPZ had a certain degree of restraining effect on the cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats and the highest dose of 170 mg/kg even showed a significant suppression on it.

Conclusion

The above results indicated that CPZ possessed a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which is indicated to be closely associated with its regulation on IL-1β and PGE₂ thereby mediating the inflammatory response acting at an appropriate level.