高效液相色谱法测定左氧氟沙星血药浓度

目的　建立测定左氧氟沙星血药浓度的高效液相色谱法。方法　色谱柱为YWG -C18柱 (10 μm ,2 0 0mm× 5mm) ,流动相为甲醇 -乙腈 - 0 .0 1mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾 - 0 .5mol·L-1溴化四丁基铵 (10∶10∶80∶4 ) ,磷酸调pH3.5 ;流速 1.0ml/min ,紫外检测波长 2 94nm。以替硝唑为内标 ,血样用乙酸乙酯萃取。结果　血清中左氧氟沙星浓度在 0 .0 5～ 4 .0mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .99996 )。高、中、低 3个浓度的日内RSD <5 % ,日间RSD <6 %。平均回收率 99.33%± 4 .6 8% ,最低检测浓度 0 .0 2 5mg·L-1。结论　本方法简便 ,准确 ,精密度好 ,适用于临床药物动力学研究     

高效液相色谱法测定非那雄胺片的溶出度

目的　采用高效液相色谱法测定非那雄胺片的溶出度。方法　高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为LUNA 5 μmC18(2 ) (15 0×4 .6 0mm ,U .S .A) ,流动相为 2 .5mmol·L-1磷酸溶液 -乙腈 (1∶1) ,检测波长 2 2 0nm。结果　非那雄胺的最低检出量约为 2ng ;非那雄胺在 1.4～ 16 .8μg·ml-1(r =0 .9999)范围内 ,峰面积与其浓度呈良好线性关系 ,平均回收率为 99.6 1% ,RSD为 1.0 5 % (n=6 )。结论　分析速度快 ,简单 ,结果准确可靠     

HPLC法测定硝基安定的血药浓度

目的　测定血清中硝基安定浓度。方法　采用高效液相色谱法 ,甲基睾丸酮为内标 ,经YWG -C18色谱柱 (4.6mmi.d .× 2 0 0mm ,5 μm)分离 ,流动相为 [乙腈 -甲醇 (1∶2 ,v/v) ]-水 (5 8∶4 2 ,v/v) ,2 6 5nm波长处二极管阵列检测品检测 ;13例服药患者 ,设定时间抽血 ,测定血药浓度。结果　在 4 5 .4～ 4 5 4 μg·L-1浓度范围内硝基安定和内标的色谱峰高比与浓度呈线性关系(r =0 .9999) ;平均回收率为 92 .0 8% (RSD =2 .30 % ,n =9) ;最低检测限为 2 5 μg·L-1。 13例服药患者血药浓度监测结果平均值为 98.90± 36 .74 μg·L-1,其中 5例连用卡马西平 ,8例连用丙戊酸钠的癫痫患者 ,其抗癫痫药的有效治疗浓度均有下降趋势 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　本法测定硝基安定的血药浓度方法简便、快速准确 ,可用于临床的常规监测。     

高效液相色谱法测定环氯滴眼液的含量

目的　测定环氯滴眼液中环孢苷、氯霉素的含量。方法　高效液相色谱法 ,采用YWG -C18(10 μm ,4.6mm× 15 0mm)色谱柱 ,以 0 .0 1mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠 -甲醇 -乙氰 (30 0∶16 0∶40 ,三乙胺 0 .5ml,磷酸调pH3 .0 )为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 6 3nm ,内标法峰高定量。结果　可同时测定 2组分的含量 ;环孢苷在 5～ 2 5 μg·ml-1、氯霉素在 10～ 5 0 μg·ml-1范围内 ,峰高比与其浓度均呈良好的线性关系 ;平均回收率为 99.0 % ;10 0 .2 5 % ;RSD分别为 1.5 5 % ;0 .94%。结论　方法可靠 ,数据准确 ,灵敏度高 ,重复性好。可用于控制该制剂的产品质量     

高效液相色谱法测定酮康唑洗剂中酮康唑的含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定酮康唑洗剂中酮康唑的含量方法。方法　以 0 .1mol·L-1磷酸二氢铵溶液 -甲醇 (2 0∶80 )为流动相 ,以氧氟沙星溶液为内标物 ,于 2 35nm波长处测定洗剂中的酮康唑含量。结果　酮康唑线性范围为 10～ 30 0 μg·ml-1,线性关系良好 (r =0 .9997) ,酮康唑的平均回收率为 99.7% ,RSD为 1.4 2 % (n =3)。结论　本方法灵敏 ,准确 ,快捷。     

RP—HPLC法同时测定氯地滴眼液中氯霉素与地塞米松磷酸钠的含量

目的　建立测定氯地滴眼液中氯霉素和地塞米松磷酸钠含量的反相高效液相色谱法。方法　在Hypersil(2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm)色谱柱上 ,以甲醇 - 0 .0 5mol·L-1醋酸钠缓冲液 (pH =4 .0 ) (40∶6 0 )为流动相 ,紫外检测波长 2 4 0nm ,外标法定量。结果　同时测定 2组分的含量 ;氯霉素 0 .5～ 2 .0mg·ml-1,地塞米松磷酸钠 0 .1～ 0 .3mg·ml-1范围内 ,浓度与峰面积成良好的线性关系 ;平均回收率分别为 98.3% (RSD =0 .9% ) ,97.8% (RSD =0 .7% )。结论　本法操作简便 ,结果准确。     

HPLC法同时测定菌克软膏盐酸林可霉素和硝酸咪康唑的含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法同时测定菌克软膏中盐酸林可霉素和硝酸咪康唑的含量。方法　采用高效液相色谱法 ,HYPERSIL -CN色谱柱 (5 μm ,4 .6mm× 2 0 0mm) ,流动相 0 .0 5mol·L-1硼砂溶液 (用磷酸调节pH至 6 .0 ) -甲醇 (85∶15 ) ,流速 1.0ml/min ;检测波长 2 14nm ;进样量 10 μl。 结果　盐酸林可霉素在 0 .0 8～ 3.2mg·ml-1浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系 ,r =0 .9999(n =5 ) ,硝酸咪康唑在 0 .0 8～ 1.6mg·ml-1范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,r =0 .9993(n =5 )。盐酸林可霉素的平均回收率为 10 1.2 3% ,RSD为 0 .93% ,硝酸咪康唑的平均回收率为 99.82 % ,RSD为 0 .5 7%。结论　本方法分离度好 ,简便 ,准确 ,适用于软膏制剂中 2组分的同时测定 ,可作为产品的质量控制方法。     

单步萃取反相高效液相色谱法测定人全血中环孢素A的浓度

目的　建立单步萃取反相高效液相色谱法测定人全血中环孢素A(CsA)浓度。方法　采用反相高效液相色谱法 ,罗通定为内标 ,YWG -C18色谱柱 ,乙腈 -甲醇 -水 -异丙醇 (30∶10∶6 0∶1.5 )为流动相 ,流速 1.0ml/min ,柱温 70℃ ,检测波长 2 10nm。结果　CsA全血浓度在 5 2 .6 0～ 10 5 2 .0 0ng·ml-1范围内线性关系良好 ,r =0 .9996 ,最低检测浓度为 2 0ng·ml-1,平均回收率96 .33% ,日内和日间RSD均低于 5 %。结论　本法简便灵敏、准确可靠、经济 ,可用于临床人体器官移植术后全血中CsA浓度的监测     

氯霉素滴眼液的稳定性研究

目的　测定不同储存条件下氯霉素滴眼液的稳定性。方法　高效液相色谱法 ,采用ZORBAXTM -C18色谱柱 (4 .6×15 0mm) ,粒径 5 μm ;流动相 :0 .0 1mol·L-1NaH2 PO4-甲醇 -乙腈 (30 0∶16 0∶4 0 ,加三乙胺 0 .5ml,用磷酸调pH3.0 ) ,流速 :1.0ml/min ,检测波长 :2 78nm ,内标法峰高定量。结果　氯霉素在 10～ 5 0 μg·ml-1范围内 ,其浓度与峰高比呈良好的线性关系 ,回归方程为Y =0 .0 30 398X +0 .0 5 10 8,r =0 .9995。平均回收率为 10 0 .2 5 % ,RSD为 0 .94 %。结论　氯霉素滴眼液宜冰箱冷藏保存 ,贮存时间一年。     

高效液相色谱法测定手参肾宝胶囊中腺苷的含量

目的　测定手参肾宝胶囊中腺苷的含量。方法　采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为KromasilC1 8柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm) ;磷酸盐缓冲液 (pH6 .8取 0 .2mol·L-1 磷酸二氢钾溶液 2 5 0ml,加 0 .2mol·L-1 氢氧化钠溶液 1 1 8ml,用水稀释至 1 0 0 0ml,即得 ) -四氢呋喃 (99∶1 )为流动相 ,流速 :1 .0ml/min ;检测波长 2 6 0nm。结果　腺苷在 0 .0 4～ 0 .4 μg范围内具有良好线性关系 ,平均回收率为 97.6 1 % ,RSD =1 .2 8%。结论　该法可用于手参肾宝胶囊中腺苷的含量测定     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）