食管残胃吻合治疗胃大部分切除术后食管癌6例报告

食管残胃吻合治疗胃大部分切除术后食管癌６例报告广东医学院附属医院心胸外科（湛江，５２４００１）陈捷钱定一何悦概１９９０年１月至１９９６年５月，我院对６例胃大部分切除术后食管癌，施行食管癌切除、食管残胃吻合术，占同期８１２例食管癌手术的０．７％。现报告...     

食管胃颈部器械吻合在食管癌切除术中的应用

目的 探讨食管癌切除后使用消化道圆型吻合器行食管胃颈部吻合的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析2009年8月至2011年4月间河南省人民医院采用一次性圆形吻合器行食管癌切除后食管胃颈部吻合病例的临床资料。结果202例患者中除1例因吻合时部分食管撕裂而需手工缝合修补外,其余均一次吻合成功。无手术死亡病例。术后出现颈部吻合口瘘6例（3．0％）,经保守处理后均在短期内愈合;无胸内吻合口瘘或其他吻合器械相关并发症发生;有2例患者在进食后出现较明显的胃食管反流。经10．2个月的中位随访,全组患者均未发现吻合口狭窄。结论食管癌切除后使用吻合器行食管胃颈部吻合安全、可行。     

食管胃吻合技术的改进

作者近１０年来，对５２８例食管贲门癌患者于肿瘤切除术后采用邻近组织（甲状腺侧后被膜、主动脉弓上三角区胸壁或下肺韧带）掩盖食管胃吻合口，取得良好效果。作者认为这种方法有利于吻合口的愈合，可以防止吻合口瘘和狭窄的发生。     

腹腔镜胃切除后食管残胃和食管空肠吻合新技术

目的 探讨经口腔放置倾斜的圆形抵钉座(OrVilTM装置)进行腹腔镜胃切除后食管残胃和食管空肠吻合的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年7月至2011年2月第二军医大学附属长海医院收治的接受OrVilTM装置在腹腔镜下进行消化道重建的34例胃肿瘤患者的临床资料.手术采用4孔法,在完成淋巴结清扫以及食管游离后,先横断食管;然后在食管断端开口,将含OrVilTM装置的胃管从该开口穿出,并将抵钉座带人腹腔;最后在腹腔镜监视下,在体内完成食管残胃或食管空肠吻合.结果 34例患者手术顺利,无中转开腹.其中32例经口腔放置OrVilTM装置顺利;2例经口腔放置OrVilTM装置困难,经放掉患者气管插管气囊内的气体并将其头部后仰后顺利放置.34例患者平均手术时间为175 min(90～240 min);术中平均出血量为196 ml(50～800 ml);术后平均住院时间为7.6 d(5～14 d);术后胃肠功能平均恢复时间为3 d(2～6 d),并开始进食流质饮食和下床活动.术后未出现吻合口漏.33例患者获得随访,平均随访时间为(10±6)个月(2～20个月),无肿瘤复发和转移发生.结论 OrVilTM装置改变了以往抵钉座的置入方向,这一技术可以避免开胸手术,降低腹腔镜下消化道重建的操作难度,缩短手术时问.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the efficacy of transorally inserted anvil system(OrVilTM)in esophagogastrostomy and esophagojejunostomy after laparoscopic gastrectomy.Methods The clinical data of 34 patients with gastric neoplasms who were installed OrVilTM for esophagogastrostomy or esophagojejunostomy at the Changhai Hospital from July 2009 to February 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.After radical dissection of lymph nodes and full mobilization of esophagus,the esophagus was transected and the anvil was then transorally inserted into the esophagus by using the OrVilTB system.Double-stapling esophagogastrustomy or esophagojejunostomy with a circular stapler Was performed intracorporeally under direct laparuscopic view.Results The surgery was success fully completed in all the 34 patients with no conversion to open surgery.Two patients had difficulty in placing OrVilTM system.and the condition Was alleviated by reducing tension in the cuff and tilting the head back.The mean operation time,volume of blood loss,duration of postoperative hospital stay and time to gastrointestinal function recovery were 175 minutes(range,90-240 minutes),196 ml(range,50-800 ml),7.6 days(range,5-14 days)and 3 days(range,2-6 days).No postoperative anastomotic leakage Was detected.Thirty-three patients were followed up for 2-20 months with a mean time of(10±6)months,and no tumor recurrence or metastasis occurred.Conclusion OrVilTM system changes insert direction of the anvil,which significantly reduces the difficulty of laparoscopic operation,shortens the operation time and avoids the thoracotomy.     

食管纵隔胃颈部吻合术后食管胃的压力监测及评价

目的检测食管癌切除食管、纵隔胃颈部吻合术后病人残余食管及胃的功能。方法采用国产SG-III型消化道压力检测仪对21例食管癌切除食管纵隔胃颈部吻合术后病人进行消化道压力检测,并与25名正常人测定值对照。结果术后病人咽部的静息压力为(1·20±2·03)mmHg(1mmHg=0·133kPa),收缩压为(72·37±16·95)mmHg;食管上括约肌的静息压力为(28·20±15·60)mmHg,关闭压为(107·10±28·43)mmHg;吻合口上方食管的静息压力为(15·98±11·10)mmHg,收缩压为(48·45±18·37)mmHg;胃的静息压力(3·53±3·30)mmHg,食管原发性蠕动的发生率为(57·14±34·50)%。其中吻合口上方食管的静息压力值明显高于正常成人(5·63±8·78)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0·01)。结论食管癌切除食管胃颈部吻合术后,在吻合口上方的食管产生了新的压力区。该压力的形成与吻合时胃上提包套残余食管及颈部肌群等软组织共同对食管所造成的压力有关,具有一定的抗反流作用,食管胃颈部吻合的术式具有更好的减轻术后胃食管反流的作用,能改善病人术后生活质量。     

食管癌切除食管胃颈部包套式机械吻合97例结果分析

目的探讨在食管胃颈部吻合术中使用机械吻合并吻合口包埋的作用。方法回顾性分析101例患者行食管癌切除食管胃颈部吻合术的临床资料,总结并分析手术情况和术后并发症情况。结果 97例使用管状吻合器机械吻合并包套吻合口,2例因胃长度不够采用手工吻合,1例因吻合后张力较大未行包套,1例抵钉座尺寸过大撕裂食管肌层需要另行缝合,手术完成率96.0%（97/101）。术后2例出现吻合口或胃出血（2.1%）,吻合口瘘4例（4.1%）,经过清创引流后痊愈;无其他机械吻合并发症。术后3月CT和上消化道造影提示吻合口狭窄（〈1.5 cm）2例,占2.1%,无〈1 cm病例。存在吞咽困难症状共4例（4.1%）,反流引发的反酸、口苦等口腔、咽部相关症状11例（11.3%）。结论管状吻合器胃腔内吻合安全、简便,宽松包套后有显著的抗反流作用。     

食管癌切除术后胃食管返流症

目的为了解食管癌切除胃食管吻合术后近期内患者发生胃食管返流的情况。方法对１０例正常人和３０例患者术后１～３月间进行了残留食管腔内连续２４小时ｐＨ监测。结果发现所有患者的ｐＨ总得分、２４小时返流次数、大于５分钟的返流次数、最长返流时间和ｐＨ＜４的总时间均明显高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时发现有明确胸骨后烧灼感、反酸、胸痛等胃食管返流症状者仅１１例，占总监测患者的３６．７％。结论所有胃食管吻合术后患者近期内均存在胃食管返流症，且多以无症状返流形式存在。对术后发生胃食管返流症的原因进行了分析并提出了相应的预防治疗措施。     

食管胃吻合技术的改进

食道、贲门癌手术后瘘是严重的并发症，也是术后死亡的重要原因。多年来对食道胃吻合技术作了许多改进，但目前国内外献报告由于瘘导致的死亡率仍在5％-10％之间。1980年Hasemann报告死于瘘的病人占3％，1982年Semsel等报告167例病人，吻合瘘发生19例，占11．3％。我院从1988年到1999年共收治食管贲门癌196例，其中122例施行胃小弯分层关闭。食管胃一层对端吻合，未发生吻合口瘘和狭窄，报告如下。     

新的贲门再造的食管胃吻合方法

新的贲门再造的食管胃吻合方法刘飞龙，夏穗生，章世华，杨传勇食管、贲门及胃底癌是消化道常见的肿瘤之一。其主要治疗是外科手术切除，辅助化疗、放疗、免疫及中药等综合治疗措施。为了预防手术后严重并发症吻合口疹及狭窄发生，我们设计一种新的贲门再造食管胃吻合方法...     

胃浆肌瓣覆盖式食管吻合治疗贲门失弛缓症78例体会

为防止贲门失弛缓症术后返流及狭窄,我们设计用胃浆肌瓣覆盖式食管胃吻合保留迷走神经治疗贲门失弛缓症。采用此术式治疗78例贲门失弛缓症,无手术死亡,无吻合口瘘。术后半年至1年内有25例病人行头低脚高位食管钡餐检查,吻合口2.O～2.2cm者4例,1.5～2.0cm者20例,1.3cm者1例,未见返流现象。术后1～3年,20例病人行食管镜检查,食管粘膜正常者19例,有1例轻度粘膜充血水肿。此术式效果良好,有实用价值。     

机械吻合在食管外科中的应用：1605例经验总结

１９８０年８月至１９９４年２月应用机械方法对１６０５例食管癌和贲门癌切除后进行吻合。男１２８１例，女３２４例。年龄２８～８１岁，其中５０～６９岁１１８４例（７３．８％）。食管癌１０４４例，贲门癌５６１例。食管胃颈部吻合３５例；超胸顶吻合５８例；弓上吻合８３５例；弓下吻合６７７例。术后发生吻合口瘘１６例（ｌ％），其中颈部吻合口瘘发生率１４．３％（５／３５）；胸内吻合口瘘发生率０．７％（１１／１５７０），前６年胸内吻合口瘘发生率１．４％（８／５７５），近８年胸内吻合口瘘发生率０．３％（３／９９５）。术后发生吻合口狭窄１６例（１％），狭窄明显者经扩张后均恢复正常饮食。作者认为：机械吻合是减少胸内吻合口瘘的有效方法之一。     

Basaloid-Squamous Carcinoma of the Esophagus Treated by Preoperative Chemotherapy: Report of Two Cases

Basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC) of the esophagus has been associated with a poor outcome after surgery. We herein report two patients with esophageal BSC treated by preoperative chemotherapy. Patient 1 was a 55-year-old man who presented with a tumor of the middle esophagus diagnosed as BSC. He was treated by chemotherapy using a combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU: 750 mg/m², 1st–5th day, 24-h continuous infusion) and cisplatin (CDDP: 75 mg/m², 1st day, drip infusion per 2 h) before surgery, because of lymph node metastases of the mediastinum and around the left gastric artery. Even though the metastatic nodes were reduced and an esophagectomy was performed, the patient died of recurrence 12 months after chemotherapy. Patient 2 was a 57-year-old man who demonstrated BSC of the esophagus with direct invasion to the discending aorta, who was treated by preoperative chemotherapy using the same regimen as that of patient 1. The esophageal tumor was reduced, and a curative esophagectomy was performed. The patient is now alive without recurrence 38 months after chemotherapy. In conclusion, preoperative chemotherapy using a combination of 5-FU and CDDP may thus be an effective treatment for patients with advanced BSC of the esophagus. Received: September 19, 2001 / Accepted: May 7, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" Reprint requests to: N. Koide     

食管贲门癌病人术后生活质量观察

对１５０例食管、贲门癌切除、食管胃吻合术后生存五年以上的病人，用客观和主观方法进行生活质量观察。实验室检查基本正常，９８％的病人能从事一般工作或劳动；但仍有６％的病人进食困难，需要进行扩张或激光治疗。有５７．３％的病人体重下降；５５％的病人饮食量减少，这可能与残胃容量减少及术后消化功能障碍有关。     

食管癌贲门癌根治术对胆汁成分的影响

研究食管癌贲门癌根治术后对胆汁成分的影响。作者自１９９３年１１月至１９９４年６月共对２６例食管癌贲门癌根治术病人分别在术后３、５、７、１０天抽取十二指肠引流液中的胆汁分析其成分，了解胆汁成分的变化。结果发现术后胆汁总固体量明显下降，由术前１０２．２５±１３．７８ｍｇ／ｍｌ降至术后５１．４９±２．４７，胆盐及磷脂总固体量百分比明显下降，类脂质比率由术前５１．４９±２．４７，降至术后的３．８５±０．４７。胆汁成石指数由术前１．３８～１．６７升至术后２．０～３．５２。胆汁成分的变化，加之胆道动力学改变是食管癌贲门癌根治术后胆石症发病率增高的重要原因。     

巨大心脏瓣膜替换的经验体会：附63例报告

１９８０年１月至１９９３年１２月，我院对６３例心胸比率＞０．７０，心脏容积指数＞正常２倍的风心病患者施行瓣膜置换。其中二尖瓣置换５４例，主动脉瓣置换２例，双瓣膜置换７例。术前心功Ⅲ级１６例，Ⅳ级４７例。手术早期死亡率１２％（８／６３），１０年累计生存率７８．８％。本文着重对其疗效及围术期处理进行讨论。     

Basaloid-Squamous Carcinoma of the Esophagus: Report of a Case

(Received for publication on Oct. 27, 1998; accepted on July 13, 1999)     

Carcinoma Cuniculatum of the Esophagus and Tongue: Report of Two Cases,Including TP53 Mutational Analysis

Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare variant of extremely well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. We present the clinicopathological features of two cases of CC; one lingual and one esophageal case with a molecular genetic study regarding the TP53 gene mutational status. Case 1 was a 62 year old male with enlarging chronic ulcer in the tongue. Case 2 was a 77 year old male with progressive dysphagia and odynophagia. Both patients were treated surgically. Both tumors showed deeply invaginating, keratin-filled, burrowing crypts lined by very well differentiated squamous epithelium. The esophageal tumor showed varying degrees of reactive nuclear atypia largely limited to the areas with dense intratumoral infiltration of neutrophils. No mutation of TP53 was identified in the esophageal case. Cytologic atypia limited to areas of significant acute inflammation may occur in CC and should, in the absence of aggressive stromal invasion, not preclude a diagnosis of CC.