Hyperlipidaemia in cisplatin-induced nephrotic rats.

The serum and hepatic lipid concentrations were investigated in rats made nephrotic with a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (6 mg kg(-1) b.wt.). The serum creatinine and urea concentrations were estimated as indices of nephrotoxicity, and the serum total bilirubin level as a liver function test. 3 The fasting serum total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and the cholesterol fractions associated with the various lipoproteins, as well as hepatic cholesterol and TG contents were also measured, following 5, 10 and 15 days from the cisplatin treatment. 4 The results revealed that on day 5 both serum creatinine and urea concentrations were significantly (P<0.01) increased, indicating the peak of nephrotoxicity, with no injurious effects on the liver as indicated by the unaltered serum bilirubin concentration. 5 The nephrotoxicity was accompanied by significant elevations in serum total cholesterol and TG concentrations by 49 and 42%, respectively, with significant (P < 0.05) correlations between the serum cholesterol and TG concentrations versus the serum urea (r=0.68 and r=0.60, respectively). Among the estimated lipoproteins, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol was severely increased to more than twofold with no severe changes in LDL- or HDL-cholesterol fractions. On day 5 the liver also showed significant accumulation of TG with no change in the cholesterol content. Animals killed 10 or 15 days post-cisplatin treatment had all the perturbed parameters returned to the normal levels. The present results indicated that rats exposed to a single cisplatin injection exhibit acute reversible nephrosis on day 5 which was accompanied by dyslipidaemia and accumulated liver TG.     

Metrnl increases blood HDL-cholesterol and decreases blood triglyceride

OBJECTIVE Dyslipidemias are risk factors for both cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes.Many adipose-derived proteins/adipokines participate in modulation of blood lipids. As a new identified adipokine,metrnlin adipose is involved in regulation of blood triglyceride, suggesting metrnl may play extensive roles in regulation of blood lipid. However, the exact effects and the underling mechanisms of Metrnl on regulation of blood lipid remain unexplored. METHODS Metrnl global knockout mice were generated and fed with normal chow diet or high fat diet. Major clinical lipid parameters including blood triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)were detected with automatic biochemistry analyzer. Further,intestine and liver specific knockout mice were generated and the major clinical lipid parameters were detected to clarify which tissue contributes to metrnl regulated alterations of clinical lipid parameters. RESULTS Global knockout of metrnl had no effects on clinical parameters under normal chow diet, but increased blood triglyceride by 14%,which was consistent with our previous findings in metrnl adipose specific knockout mice, and decreased total cholesterol by 16% and HDL-cholesterol by 24% under high fat diet. Intestine specific knockout of metrnl failed to alter any of the clinical lipid parameters under both normal chow diet and high fat diet. Notably, liver specific knockout of metrnl downregulated HDL-cholesterol by 24%, TC by20% and LDL-cholesterol by 16% without alterations of blood TG and NEFA under high fat diet. CONCLUSION Global deficiency of metrnl downregulates blood HDLcholesterol and upregulates blood TG, and liver participates in the former and adipose tissue the latter.     

冠心病患者血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶水平变化及其与血脂的关系

目的探讨冠心病患者血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)的变化及与血脂的关系,分析冠心病GGT升高的临床意义。方法应用Olympus AU2700全自动生化分析仪测定726例冠心病患者的血清GGT、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。按GGT测定值分为4级,逐级分析GGT与血脂的关系。结果726例冠心病患者中,GGT升高者143例,异常率19.67%。男性患者GGT异常率为19.57%,女性患者异常率为19.87%,男女患者间GGT异常率的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01,P>0.05)。男性冠心病患者血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平随着GGT活性升高而增高且血清GGT的不同级组间与TC、TG、LDL-C含量差异均有统计学意义(F=3.76,P<0.05;F=5.32,P<0.01;F=3.02,P<0.05);而女性冠心病患者GGT不同分级组间血脂水平的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论冠心病患者血清GGT水平升高,且男性患者GGT与TC、TG、LDL-C水平相关,而提示血清GGT升高有可能是冠心病的一种危险因素。     

Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of spider brake (Pteris multifida) with rats fed a high cholesterol diet

This study evaluates the possible potency of the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of spider brake [(Pteris multifida Poiret (Pteridaceae)]. We investigated this by feeding the hyperlipidemic Sprague-Dawley rats, caused by a high cholesterol diet, with lyophilized powder of spider brake (LSB) and compared the result with the rats fed with β-sitosterol. The results indicated that the administration of lyophilized powder of spider brake (LSB) lowered the hyperlipidemic level on rats. The relative weights of the liver, adipose tissue, and relative adipose tissue of 10% substitutions of LSB group (LSB-10) showed a significant decrease (P?<?0.05) by 6%, 15.9%, and 14.3% in contrast to the untreated counterparts (control), respectively. A significantly lower (P?<?0.05) plasma TG, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, liver CH, and TG contents were also observed in LSB-10 compared to the untreated counterparts (by 36.8%, 21%, 18.7%, 10.2% and 14.3% reduction, respectively). Simultaneously, the wet fecal weight, dry fecal weight, nitrogen compounds, excretion of neutral steroids, and bile acids significantly (P?<?0.05) increased by 9.6%, 10.6%, 23.7%, 9.7%, and 3.4% respectively. The results showed that LSB could cause not only a reduction in CH and TG, but also could increase the excretion of lipids and metabolic by-products via the intestinal tract.     

咖啡豆提取物对肥胖大鼠血清瘦素、脂联素水平及脂联素受体表达水平的影响

目的 研究咖啡豆提取物对高脂饮食肥胖大鼠的瘦素(Leptin,LP)、脂联素(APN)及脂联素受体表达的影响。方法 给予高脂饲料建立SD大鼠肥胖模型,灌胃给予咖啡豆提取物(800,267,133 mg·kg^-1),连续6周。测量大鼠体质量及脂体比,测定大鼠血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、血清LP、APN;检测肝组织脂联素受体表达。结果 与正常对照组相比,给予高脂饲料6周的大鼠体质量明显增加(P<0.01),提示SD大鼠肥胖模型建立。与模型组比较,咖啡豆提取物给药后大鼠体质量、脂体比和LP水平下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),血清APN水平、APN受体的mRNA和蛋白表达显著增加(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论 咖啡豆提取物对高脂饮食肥胖大鼠的体质量具有改善作用,作用机制可能是升高血清APN水平,降低LP水平及上调肝脏脂联素受体的mRNA和蛋白表达。     

Effect of dietary zinc deficiency on hematological and biochemical parameters and concentrations of zinc, copper, and iron in growing rats

Zinc has a wide spectrum of biological activities and its deficiency has been related to various dysfunctions and alterations of normal cell metabolism. The effects of adequate Zn level (38 mg/kg diet, control) and two low levels that create Zn deficiencies (19 mg/kg diet, 1/2 of control and 3.8 mg/kg diet, 1/10 of control) were investigated in growing male and female rats for 10 weeks. This allowed for evaluation of the effects these Zn levels may have on body weight gain, specific organ weights, blood parameters, and serum concentrations of Zn, Cu and Fe. Rats fed Zn-deficient diets gained less (P<0.05) than the control groups. There was increase (P<0.05) in liver and spleen weights, and a decrease (P<0.05) in testes weight. However, brain, kidney, heart, and lung weights were not affected (P<0.05). Hematological parameters that were decreased (P<0.05) by Zn deficiency included hemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte count (TEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) with the magnitude being dose-dependent. Serum concentrations of total protein, globulin, glucose, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) also decreased (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Zn deficiency increased (P<0.05) total leukocyte count (TLC) and concentrations of serum albumin, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in a dose-dependent manner. Serum concentrations of urea and creatinine were, however, not affected (P<0.05) by zinc deficiency. Zn-deficient rats had lower serum concentrations of Zn, Cu and Fe. These results showed that Zn deficiency has negative effects on growth rate, specific organ weights, hematological parameters, and serum levels of Zn, Cu and Fe, especially in rats fed the lowest Zn level.     

Effects of policosanol and pravastatin on lipid profile, platelet aggregation and endothelemia in older hypercholesterolemic patients

This randomized, double-blind study was undertaken to compare the effects of policosanol and pravastatin administered at 10 mg/day on lipid profile, platelet aggregation and endothelemia in older patients with type II hypercholesterolemia and high coronary risk. After 6 weeks on a lipid-lowering diet, patients with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels > 3.4 mmol/l were randomized to receive, under double-blind conditions, policosanol or pravastatin 10 mg tablets that were taken with the evening meal for 8 weeks. Policosanol significantly (p < 0.00001) lowered LDL-cholesterol (19.3%), total cholesterol (13.9%) and the ratios of LDL-cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (28.3%) and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (24.4%). Pravastatin significantly (p < 0.00001) lowered LDL-cholesterol (15.6%), total cholesterol (11.8%) and the ratios (p < 0.0001) of LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (18.9%) and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (15.7%). Policosanol, but not pravastatin, significantly increased (p < 0.001) levels of HDL-cholesterol (18.4%) and reduced (p < 0.01) triglycerides (14.1%). Policosanol was more effective (p < 0.05) than pravastatin in inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by all agonists and it significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid at 1.5 and 3 mmol/l by 42.2% and 69.5%, respectively, platelet aggregation induced by collagen 0.5 microgram/ml (p < 0.05) (16.6%) and that induced by adenosine diphosphate 1 mumol/l (p < 0.01) (20.3%). Pravastatin significantly reduced (p < 0.001) (27%) only platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid 3 mmol/l. Both drugs significantly decreased (p < 0.00001) endothelemia levels but final values were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the policosanol than in the pravastatin group. Both treatments were safe and well tolerated. Pravastatin significantly (p < 0.01) increased serum levels of alanine amine transferase but individual values remained within normal. Two patients on pravastatin discontinued the study because of adverse experiences (myocardial infarction and jaundice, respectively). In conclusion, the effects of policosanol (10 mg/day) on lipid profile, platelet aggregation and endothelemia in older patients with type II hypercholesterolemia and high coronary risk are more favorable than those induced by the same doses of pravastatin.     

Comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of policosanol and lovastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus

This randomized, double-blind study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and tolerability of policosanol (10 mg/day) and lovastatin (20 mg/day) in patients with hypercholesterolemia and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. After 6 weeks on a lipid lowering diet, 53 patients were randomized to receive either policosanol or lovastatin tablets that were taken o.i.d. for 12 weeks under double-blind conditions. Both groups were similar at randomization. Policosanol significantly (p < 0.001) lowered low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (20.4%), total cholesterol (14.2%) and the ratio of LDL-cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (23.7%). Lovastatin significantly (p < 0.01) lowered LDL-cholesterol (16.8%), total cholesterol (14.0%) and the ratio (p < 0.05) of LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (14.9%). Triglyceride levels did not significantly change after therapy. Policosanol, but not lovastatin, significantly increased (p < 0.01) levels of HDL-cholesterol (7.5%). Comparison between groups showed that changes in HDL-cholesterol induced by policosanol were significantly greater (p < 0.01) than those induced by lovastatin. Both treatments were safe and well tolerated. Lovastatin moderately but significantly (p < 0.05) increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase. Adverse reactions were more frequent in the lovastatin group (p < 0.01) than in the policosanol group. In conclusion, policosanol administered at 10 mg/day produces more advantageous changes in HDL-cholesterol and has a better safety and tolerability profile than lovastatin 20 mg/day.     

Effect of Terminalia arjuna on Experimental Hyperlipidemia in Rabbits

Hyperlipidemia was induced in rabbits by feeding them cholesterol. The effect of Terminalia arjuna, an indigenous hypolipidemic agent on the serum lipid and lipoprotein profile was studied. Hyperlipidemia produced an increase in cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and reduced the level of HDL-cholesterol. T. arjuna treatment for three months altered the lipoprotein pattern by raising HDL-cholesterol and lowering LDL-cholesterol levels in the drug treated rabbits.     

雷公藤多苷片对高脂小鼠血脂的影响

目的 研究雷公藤多苷片对高脂小鼠血脂的影响。方法 采用高血脂小鼠模型,通过小鼠尾静脉注射不同剂量（0.5,1.0,1.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）雷公藤多苷,测定不同时间段小鼠体质量和血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（totaltriglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low densitylipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）的含量及卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase,LCAT）、肝脂酶（hepatic lipase,HL）和脂蛋白脂酶（lipoprotein lipase,LPL）的活性,研究雷公藤多苷对小鼠体质量、血脂代谢、动脉粥样硬化指数、肝脏LCAT水平等的影响。结果 给予高脂饲料后小鼠体质量和血脂显著升高（P<0.01）,动脉粥样硬化指数显著升高（P<0.01）,抗动脉粥样硬化指数显著下降（P<0.01）。注射雷公藤多苷能显著降低高血脂模型小鼠血清TC、TG和LDL-C,同时显著降低高脂饮食所导致的动脉粥样硬化指数升高。此外,雷公藤多苷片能显著提高血清LCAT水平和HL、LPL的活性。结论 雷公藤多苷片具有一定的降血脂功能,并能有效降低动脉粥样硬化的发生几率。     

Efficacy and tolerability of policosanol in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.

This randomized, double-blind, multicenter placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of policosanol, a cholesterol-lowering drug purified from sugar cane wax, in women who had experienced menopause and showed elevated serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels despite a 6-week standard lipid-lowering diet. Thus, 56 eligible patients were randomized to receive placebo or policosanol 5 mg/day for 8 weeks and the dose was doubled to 10 mg/day during the next 8 weeks. Policosanol (5 and 10 mg/day) significantly decreased LDL-cholesterol (17.3% and 26.7%, respectively), total cholesterol (12.9% and 19.5%) as well as the ratios of LDL-cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (17.2% and 26.5%) and total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (16.3% and 21.0%) compared with baseline and placebo. HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly raised by 7.4% at study completion. No significant changes occurred in the lipid profile of the placebo group. The drug was safe and well tolerated. No drug-related adverse effects were observed. None of the patients administered policosanol but three of those administered placebo withdrew from the trial because of adverse effects: one due to a serious hypertensive status, one because of an allergic reaction (pruritus plus skin rash) and one due to gastrointestinal disturbances (nauseas plus vomiting). Eleven placebo patients reported 24 adverse effects compared with six policosanol patients who reported seven adverse effects (p < 0.05). In addition, five placebo (17.9%) and 13 policosanol patients (46.4%) (p < 0.05) reported improvements in habitual symptoms and health perception during the study. In conclusion, policosanol was effective and well tolerated in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women, showing additional benefits in the health perception of the study patients.     

非诺贝特对高脂血症兔血清及脂肪细胞分泌肿瘤坏死因子-α的影响

目的　观察非诺贝特干预对高脂血症兔血清及脂肪细胞分泌肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法　10只新西兰大白兔给予高胆固醇饮食饲养 8w后,随机分为两组:①高胆固醇组:继续饲以高胆固醇饲料wk;②非诺贝特组:在饲以高胆固醇饲料的基础上给予非诺贝特(30mg·kg-1·d-1 ),共 4wk。另选普通饮食 12wk兔(n=5)作为对照组。取腹股沟皮下脂肪组织称量,并行脂肪细胞培养,酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)检测血清及脂肪细胞培养液中TNF α水平。半定量逆转录多聚酶链式反应 (RT PCR)测定脂肪细胞PPARαmRNA的表达。结果　高胆固醇组血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显高于对照组(P<0 01),非诺贝特干预 4wk未对血脂产生明显影响,但能降低体重 ( -19% )及皮下脂肪量 ( -40% ),并能降低血清TNF α水平 ( -44 7%,与高胆固醇组比,P<0 05 )。非诺贝特呈剂量依赖性降低脂肪细胞分泌TNF α。三组兔脂肪细胞PPARαmRNA表达差异无显著性。结论　非诺贝特能独立于降脂作用外降低高胆固醇饮食饲养兔体重和皮下脂肪量并降低血清及脂肪细胞分泌TNF α,这一作用可能有利于动脉粥样硬化及肥胖的防治。     

Raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein - a new approach to coronary artery disease

Although the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-lowering statins reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with coronary artery disease, considerable mortality and morbidity remains. Increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol reduces coronary artery disease mortality and morbidity. In healthy subjects with mild dyslipidaemia, treatment with JTT-705 decreased cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, increased HDL-cholesterol and decreased LDL-cholesterol. Similarly, another CETP inhibitor, torcetrapib 120 mg/day has recently been shown to increase HDL-cholesterol by 46%, decrease LDL-cholesterol by 8% and have no effect on triglycerides in subjects with HDL-cholesterol < 1 mmol/l. In subjects treated with atorvastatin to lower their LDL-cholesterol levels, torcetrapib further lowered LDL-cholesterol while increasing HDL-cholesterol. In conclusion, raising HDL-cholesterol with inhibitors of CETP is a new approach to coronary artery disease that requires further investigation, especially in patients with coronary artery disease.     

Effects of co-administration of artesunate and amodiaquine on some cardiovascular disease indices in rats

The effects of co-administration of artesunate and amodiaquine on some cardiovascular disease indices were investigated in albino rats (Rattus novergicus). The experimental animals were randomly divided into four groups: those administered distilled water (control), those administered artesunate (2 mg/kg body weight), those administered amodiaquine (6.12 mg/kg body weight) and those co-administered artesunate (2 mg/kg body weight) and amodiaquine (6.12 mg/kg body weight). The drugs were orally administered twice daily for three days after which the serum lipid profile, heart MDA content and heart ALP and ACP activities were determined. Artesunate significantly reduced (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the serum with no significant effects (P > 0.05) on other parameters compared to controls. Amodiaquine, on the other hand, significantly reduced (P < 0.05) serum total cholesterol concentration while it significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum LDL-cholesterol and heart ACP activity compared to controls. Co-administration of artesunate and amodiaquine significantly reduced (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the serum while significantly increasing (P < 0.05) serum LDL-cholesterol concentration, atherogenic index (LDL-C/HDL-C) and ACP activity in the heart compared to controls. The results obtained suggest that co-administration of artesunate and amodiaquine to patients with coronary heart disease should be with caution.     

Hypocholesterolemic effect of hot-water extract from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis

This study was conducted to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effect of the hot-water fraction (HW) from cultured mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis in a 5 l fermenter. The composition of HW was mainly carbohydrate (83.9%) and protein (11.8%) on a dry basis, and the carbohydrate of HW consisted of glucose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose in the molecular ratio of 1.0 : 0.8 : 0.5 : 0.1, respectively. In mice fed a cholesterol-free diet and those fed a cholesterol-enriched diet, body and liver weights were not significantly different from those of the controls. The serum total cholesterol (TC) of all mice groups administered HW (150 and 300 mg/kg/d, respectively) with the cholesterol-enriched diet decreased more than in the control group. Among the mice fed the cholesterol-enriched diet, HW also increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, but decreased the very low-density lipoprotein plus low-density lipoprotein (VLDL+LDL) cholesterol level. The changes in HDL- and VLDL+LDL-cholesterol levels consequently decreased the atherogenic value. The results indicate that HW in rats administered a cholesterol-enriched diet decreased the plasma cholesterol level. The 300 mg/kg dose had a significant effect on the serum TC level.     

大黄酸固体分散体的制备及对大鼠血脂的影响

目的以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为载体制备大黄酸固体分散体,考察其对大鼠血脂及抗氧化能力的影响。方法差示扫描量热法和红外光谱法对固体分散体进行分析。利用高脂饲料及脂肪乳剂建立SD大鼠高脂血症动物模型,大鼠分别灌胃给予大黄酸及大黄酸固体分散体,连续给药8周后测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,测定超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力。结果大黄酸固体分散体能显著降低高脂血症大鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-C含量(P<0.05);升高血清中HDL-C含量(P<0.05);提高SOD和GSH-Px活力;降低MDA含量(P<0.05)。结论以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为载体制备的大黄酸固体分散体对高脂血症大鼠有降血脂及抗氧化作用。     

Effect of beta-pyridylcarbinol on lipids and lipoprotein in primary type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia

The effect of long-term treatment over 16 weeks with beta-pyridylcarbinol (test substance Ronicol 300) on lipids and lipoproteins was investigated in 10 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa. A placebo period preceded and followed the treatment period. The lipoprotein fractions VLDL, DL and HDL (very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins, respectively) were isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation. beta-Pyridylcarbinol reduced total cholesterol from 410 +/- 39 mg/dl to 319 +/- 19 mg/dl (p less than 0.05). The decrease was mainly caused by a reduction in LDL-cholesterol by 25%. The HDL-cholesterol rose only slightly during treatment. The reduction in total triglycerides (132 +/- 12 mg/dl to 110 +/- 12 mg/dl) was less marked. The decrease was attributable to a reduction in VLDL- and LDL-triglycerides. Phospholipids and proteins behaved in an analogous fashion. The composition (in %) of the lipoprotein fractions VLDL, LDL and HDL didn't change under treatment. The typical nicotinic acid flush could be observed in all 10 patients.     

Effect of Urena lobataleaves extract on the improvements of lipid profiles on diabetic rats

OBJECTIVE To investigate effect of U.lobataleaves extract on the improvement of lipid profiles on diabetic rats.METHODS This study uses control group post test only with male Sprague dawley rats.Diabetic rats was induced by high fructose diet(HFD)and single dose streptozotocin 25mg·kg-1 bw intra peritoneal.The rat was administrated orally with water extract of U.lobataleaves in dose of 250,500 and 1000mg·kg-1 bw for 4weeks.After scarifying,blood sample was collected and then total cholesterol(TC)serum level,triglyceride(TG),low density lippoprotein(LDL)and high density lipoprotein(HDL)were examined.The data was analyzed using ANOVA test continued with LSD test(P<0.05).RESULTS The supplementation of water extract from U.lobatain dose of 250,500 and 1000mg·kg-1 bw decrease TC serum level approximately 15%,25% and 35% compared to diabetic group(P<0.05),whereas the TG was decreased by 10%,20% and 30%(P<0.05)respectively.The oral administration of U.lobataleaves extract 250,500 and 1000mg·kg-1 bw also were able to decrease LDL serum level about 30%,60% and 90%respectively compared to diabetic group(P<0.05),while the HDL serum level was increased by 40%,80% and 100%(P<0.05)respectively.In diabetic groups,HDL level serum was decreased compared to normal group(P<0.05)while the TC,TG and HDL were increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION U.lobata leaves extract could repair lipid profiles of diabetic rats by increasing of HDL serum level,decreasing of TC serum level,TG and LDL.This potency may be related to active substances which act as an anti-cholesterolemia and antioxidant in U.lobata extract.     

葛根素对高脂血症大鼠血脂、血凝及血小板聚集的影响

目的研究葛根素对高脂血症大鼠血脂、血凝及血小板聚集的影响。方法建立大鼠的高脂血症模型,同时连续腹腔注射给予葛根素（50mg·kg-1）或空白溶媒（0.9％NaCI）30d,测定大鼠血浆总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL.C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL－C）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、ADP诱导的血小板5min最大聚集率（MAR）。结果与高脂饲料组比较,饲高脂饲料大鼠在连续腹腔注射给予葛根素（50mg·kg－1）30d后,大鼠血浆TG含量平均下降27％,Tc含量平均下降21％,LDL－C含量平均下降39％,HDL．C含量平均增加24％;MDA降低,SOD升高,血浆PT、APTT显著延长、MAR降低（尸〈0.05）。结论葛根素不但能有效降低高脂血症大鼠血脂水平,而且可能通过防止脂质过氧化而有效改善动物血凝系统。     

Possible induction of cholinesterase in epileptic patients treated with anticonvulsant drugs: relationship with lipoprotein levels

The effect of enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant drugs on the serum concentrations of lipoproteins has been widely studied. However, there is little agreement between the results with regard to the possible development of a lipoprotein profile related to an increased or decreased cardiovascular risk. It has been suggested that cholinesterase (ChE) could be induced by these drugs, something of undeniable interest as ChE appears to have a relation to the metabolism of lipoproteins. The serum activity of ChE was determined in a group of 90 adult epileptic patients (56 male and 34 female) treated with phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine. The liver enzyme induction produced by these drugs was then evaluated by determining serum gamma-glutamyltranspherase activity and urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid. A significant increase of serum ChE (p < 0.005) was found in the group of patients compared to a control group (n = 49) with a similar distribution for age and sex. A significant correlation was found for both male and female patients between ChE and concentrations of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) phospholipids, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B (p < 0.01). Similarly, in female patients, ChE had a significant correlation with the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios (p < 0.01). The ChE/HDL-cholesterol relationship, which has been proposed as a marker for cardiovascular risk, presented significant correlations with the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios in patients of both sexes (p < 0.001). In the case of epileptic patients treated with enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant drugs, there may be an association between the possible induction of ChE and the metabolism of lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein B.