氟化物的诱变性

氟是人体所必需的元素，但过高或过低都将对人体产生有害影响。它是一种全身毒物质，除累及牙齿、骨以外，对多种组织及器官均有损害作用。它可以抑制细胞生长，抑制ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ合成，抑制多种酶的活性，并对细胞膜产生影响。近年来，随着氟研究的不断深入，引起人们更多重视的是是氟是否具有臻变和致癌作用，引方面研究较多，但结果不一，仅就所能查阅到的文献做一简要评述。     

新疆黑,白桑椹及喀什小檗抗诱变研究

为了解新疆部分可食性野生植物是否具有开发利用价值，对产于新疆吐鲁番地区的黑，白桑椹和阿克苏地区的喀什小檗的水溶性提取液用Ａｍｅｓ试验，小鼠骨髓微核试验，ＳＯＳ显色反应进行了诱变与抗变诱变研究。结果表明；三种受试物在上述三项试验中均无透变性，却有明显地抗诱变作用。提示黑，白桑椹和喀什小檗可开发利用。     

抚仙湖水质的诱变性及其诱变因素分析

为探讨抚仙湖水质的诱变性及诱变因素，用蚕豆根尖细胞微核检测法，检测抚仙湖水质的诱变性。用高灵敏度的电感耦事氩等离子体发射光谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）检测水体中５种诱变性离子浓度。用ＧＣ／ＭＳ（色相色谱／质谱）联机检测水体中的有机化学污染物，结果表明，抚仙湖水质具有诱变性，且呈现水域性差异；水质的诱变性非水体中诱变性离子所致，但与水体中有机化合的种数有显著的相关性。     

9种新鲜蔬菜抗诱变效应的研究

对９种新鲜蔬菜（胡萝卜、卷心菜、洋葱、大蒜、黄瓜、茄子、姜、菠菜、西红柿）进行了抗环磷酰胺诱导骨髓细胞微核试验及外周血微核试验。结果表明：除西红柿外，其它种蔬菜对环磷酰胺诱发小鼠骨髓细胞及外周血细胞染色体损伤均有抗诱变的能力。各实验组微核率明显低于阳性对照组微核率，有显著或极显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。其中黄瓜的抗诱变能力又明显低于其它种蔬菜。     

姐妹染色单体交换在诱变检测中的应用

姐妹染色单体交换（sister chromatid exchange,SCE）作为一种简便和敏感的遗传学指标,在诱变和肿瘤研究等领域中的应用十分广泛,亦可作为分子生物学检测的基础研究工作。在异常情况下，SCE率会明显增高，是否存在自发的SCE也还有争议，交换机理尚未完全阐明，其遗传学意义还不完全清楚，但它显然与DNA的损伤、修复和重组过程有关，SCE率反映了染色体断裂的频率。     

氟化钠致小鼠精子畸形的诱变试验

本文通过氟化钠对小鼠精子畸形的诱变试验了解氟化钠的遗传毒性。试验结果表明:氟化钠经口染毒浓度为1.10。20mg/kg时,能够引起小鼠的精子畸形率明显增加,并观察到明显的剂量—效应关系。     

诱变物快速检测试剂盒的研制

umu试验较Ames试验操作简便,测试周期短;灵敏度与检出率高,为理想的致癌物短期筛选方法之一,但鉴于该方法仍需要一定的设备而难以普遍开展,为此我们研制了试剂盒,现报告如下: 一、umu试验菌和试验原理umu试验菌TA1535/pSK1002具有典型的SOS反应,当遇到诱变物时随着umu基因的表达产生β-半乳糖苷酶,根据此酶活力水平判断诱变活力。     

三硝基甲苯对染色体的诱变作用

三硝基甲苯(简称TNT)的一般毒性国内外早有研究。关于TNT的致畸、致癌和致突变等远期危害的研究较少。有人用TNT对大鼠进行6个月的皮肤涂抹,发现骨髓细胞的染色体有50%出现断裂和移位,其中20%可见有丝分裂期     

姜黄素抗诱变作用的实验研究

采用Ａｍｅｓ实验和微核实验研究姜黄素的抗诱变作用，旨在为进一步研究姜黄素的抗癌作用打下基础。结果表明：姜黄素（６０～２５０微克／皿）在Ｓ－９存在的情况下能有效地控制二氨基芴所致ＴＡ９８、ＴＡ１００的回复突变；抑制率分别为２９％～５５．９％；３７．５％～５９．１％；在给环磷酰胺前，经口投与小鼠６０、１２０、２４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ姜黄素一周，每日一次。结果显示：此剂量范围内，姜黄素能明显地抑制环磷酰胺诱发的小鼠骨髓细胞微核的形成。抑制率分别为４３．９％、５６．９％、６３．９％，与阳性对照相比微核形成率有极显著性差别（Ｐ＜０．０１）。上述结果提示，应拓宽姜黄素其它生物学作用，如抗致癌作用的研究     

A new test of non-inferiority for anti-infective trials

This paper describes a new statistical test of non-inferiority in clinical trials of anti-infective medications. The test allows the inferiority limit, delta, to vary with the underlying success rates. The test is a simple modification of the standard fixed-delta test, and its parameters can be adjusted to yield the fixed-delta test, a test similar to the FDA's Points-to-Consider procedure, or a test with nearly constant power values over a range of success rates. The test satisfies the size and power criteria for a valid statistical test. The effects on the test of lowering success rates through stringent criteria or through error are discussed.     

芦荟软胶囊的遗传毒性评价

目的:探讨某品牌芦荟软胶囊的遗传毒性。方法:使用小鼠经口急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变(Ames)试验、和小鼠精子畸形试验对芦荟软胶囊的遗传毒性进行评价。结果:芦荟软胶囊对小鼠的经口急性毒性LD50大于20 ml/kgBW(最大灌胃容量),属实际无毒物质。微核试验、Ames试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性。结论:在本次试验条件下,该品牌芦荟软胶囊未显示有遗传毒性作用。     

浅谈金宝AK95血透机BM自检

介绍了金宝AK95血透机的BM自检流程与内容。对血透机的动静脉压力、预冲探测器、血泵、动静脉夹、空气探测器、高静脉压等自检过程进行了分析，尤其对高压静脉自检过程进行了叙述，为解决在BM自检时出现的问题提供了重要参考。     

罗布麻茶毒理学安全性评价

目的评价罗布麻茶的安全性。方法依据食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法进行急性毒性试验、Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和30 d喂养试验。结果小鼠经口MTD30.0 g/kg.bw,属无毒级;Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;30 d喂养试验中各项指标均未见异常。结论在本试验条件下,罗布麻茶是安全的。     

Microneutralization tests for serological typing and subtyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains.

A microneutralization test for serotyping of FMD viruses is described. It is based on earlier observations by Booth, Rweyemamu & Pay (1978) that dose-response relationships in quantal microneutralizations often deviated from linearity. The typing test described therefore utilizes undiluted virus preparations. In about 90% of samples a positive typing was obtained in contrast with about 50% for the complement fixation test. The test was also found to be susceptible to minimal quantities of heterotypic viral contamination. For strain differentiation the microneutralization test was carried out as a checkerboard test. When compared with the complement fixation test it was found to be more specific. The necessity to utilize virus-neutralization test systems for comparing FMD virus strains particularly for the purpose of vaccine selection is emphasized. The two dimensional microneutralization test has been applied to a study of comparing FMDV vaccine strains for Europe, South America, the Middle East and East Africa.     

建立可吸收医用膜细菌内毒素检查的新方法

[目的]检验粘克^TM可吸收医用膜是否符合生物材料的热原要求,建立粘克^TM可吸收医用膜的细菌内毒素检查方法。[方法]按《中华人民共和国药典》2005年版附录及GB/16175-1996规定,同时采用热原检查法和细菌内毒素检查法对粘克^TM可吸收医用膜72h的浸提液样品进行检测。[结果]该浸提液对细菌内毒检测不产生干扰,细菌内毒素试验结果为阴性。同时受试家兔体温升高均低于0.6℃,并且3只家兔体温升高总和低于1.4℃。[结论]粘克^TM可吸收医用膜不含引起机体发热的内毒素或致热原,符合医用生物材料的使用标准。用细菌内毒素检查法替代家兔热原法对该可吸收膜进行热原检查是可行的。     

纳豆激酶胶囊毒理学安全性评价

目的评价纳豆激酶胶囊的安全性。方法依据食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法进行急性毒性试验、遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验及小鼠精子畸变试验)和30 d喂养试验。结果纳豆激酶胶囊小鼠经口MTD>8.0 g/kg.BW,属实际无毒级;Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验及小鼠精子畸变试验结果为阴性;30 d喂养试验各项指标检测均未观察到异常变化。结论在本实验条件下,纳豆激酶胶囊是安全的。     

灵黄口服液的毒理学安全性评价

目的：了解灵黄口服液的安全性。方法：小鼠急性经口毒性试验，Ames试验，小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验，雄性小鼠精子畸形分析，小鼠睾丸生殖细胞染色体畸变分析，大鼠传统致畸试验等，大鼠90天喂养试验。结果：该口服液急性经口毒性为无毒，在四项遗传毒性试验中均为阴性结果，在传统致畸试验中未见大鼠发育毒性和胚胎毒性，在90天喂养试验中也无异常发现。结论：灵黄口服液安全无毒。     

Overnight dexamethasone suppression test in the diagnosis of Cushing's disease

Realizing the cause of Cushing's syndrome (CS) is one of the most challenging processes in clinical endocrinology. The long high dose dexamethasone suppression test (standard test) is costly and need an extended inpatient stay. In this study we want to show the clinical utility of the overnight 8 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) for differential diagnosis of CS in a referral center. Retrospectively from 2002-2005 we selected the patients of endocrinology ward in Imam Hospital who were admitted with the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome and had 8 mg DST (modified test) along with classic DST. In modified test a decrease in an 8 AM serum cortisol level of 50% or more is thought to indicate suppression and we compared the results of modified test with standard test. This test had been done on 42 patients: 10 male (23%) and 32 female (76%). The mean age of patients was 31.39 (15-63), 32 with proven pituitary Cushing's disease, 7 with primary adrenal tumors and 3 with ectopic ACTH syndrome. The standard test according to 50% suppression of UFC had 90.62% sensitivity, and according to 90% suppression had 43.75% sensitivity. The sensitivity of this test was 71.85% for serum cortisol suppression. The modified test (8 mg overnight DST) had 78% sensitivity. All of these tests had 100% specificity for the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. The positive predictive vale (PPV) of all of these tests was 100%. The negative predictive value (NPV) of modified test for the diagnosis of Cushing's disease was 58.82%. In standard test the NPV of serum cortisol was 52.6%, UFC 50% had 76.9% NPV and UFC 90% had 35.7% NPV. The results of serum cortisol suppression in modified test is better than standard test. Although 50% suppression of UFC in standard test had greater sensitivity than modified test, collecting of urine is difficult, time consuming and needing hospitalization, so we advice modified test that is much simpler and more convenient instead of standard test in the first step of evaluating the cause of Cushing's syndrome in referral centers.     

葡萄籽软胶囊毒理学安全性评价

目的评价葡萄籽软胶囊的安全性。方法依据食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法进行急性毒性试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验、Ames试验和30 d喂养试验。结果小鼠经口MTD>10.0 g/kg BW,属实际无毒级;骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和Ames试验结果均为阴性;30 d喂养试验中各项指标均未见异常。结论在该试验条件下,葡萄籽软胶囊是安全的。