增效磷(SV_1)对抗敌百虫家蝇的增效机理研究

SV_1对抗敌百虫家蝇有明显的增效作用,并可延缓家蝇对敌百虫抗性的发展。测定了SV_1对正常、抗敌百虫和抗增效敌百虫家蝇品系离体和活体乙酰胆碱酯酶、α-NA酯酶活性和电泳酶谱的抑制作用,指出SV_1对抗敌百虫品系酯酶的抑制作用高于正常品系,这是SV_1对抗敌百虫家蝇的一个增效机理。     

1985—1990年武汉市家蝇对七种杀虫剂的抗性监测

本文报告1985～1990年用点滴法测试武汉市家蝇对溴氰菊酯等7种杀虫剂在不同地区的抗性监测。结果表明,我市家蝇对菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性有逐年上升的趋势,6年间增长了一个数量级;对 DDVP 的抗性,发展速度较稳定,始终保持在一个数量级;对敌百虫的抗性发展很快,几乎是直线增长,表明 DDVP 与敌百虫存在交互抗性;而对六六六的抗性有逐渐衰退的趋势。城区与郊县的家蝇对溴氰菊酯的抗性有差异。     

绵阳市家蝇对常用化学杀虫剂的抗性测定

绵阳市家蝇对常用化学杀虫剂的抗性测定刘汉军，唐中秋，黄满志为指导我市灭蝇工作，１９９１年９月我们开展了绵阳城区及北川县城关家蝇对七种化学杀虫剂的抗性测定，现将结果报告如下。敌百虫、ｒ—６６６：喷塔法测定绵阳城区、北川城关两地家蝇，其结果对敌百虫产生了...     

五种增效剂在家蝇中对拟除虫菊酯的增效作用研究

在室内测定了五种增效剂(pb、SV_1、S_2、S_3和S_4)与二氯苯醚菊酯和溴氰菊酯复配对抗性家蝇(2cl-R和D(?)-R)和敏感品系家蝇(SP)的增效作用。结果发现,pb对两个抗性品系增效显著,其增效比(SR)值分别为46.93和629,表明抗性品系家蝇体内氧化代谢的增强,可能是对拟除虫菊酯类农药产生抗性的一个重要机制。S_2在3个家蝇品系中对二氯苯醚菊酯和溴氰菊酯均有较高的增效作用,表明具有较好的开发前景。     

致倦库蚊酯酶活性与敌百虫敏感度对比实验

目的：快速敏感检测致倦库蚊对敌百虫的抗性。方法：采用酯酶活性测定技术及生物测定法。结果：实验室驯化的致倦库蚊对敌百虫抗性明显低于野外采集的，对比实验结果一致。结论：在进行大规模现场调查敌百虫抗性时，酯酶活性测定技术优于生物测定法。     

增效剂九四○对家蝇的增效作用

我国家蝇对常用药剂的抗药性是十分严重的,据全国家蝇抗性协作组在1979～1988年间就全国804个调查点的家蝇对敌敌畏、敌百虫、丙体六六六、溴氰菊酯和二氯苯醚菊酯等杀虫剂的抗性调查,结果表明,到1985年,家蝇对溴氰菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、敌敌畏、敌百虫和丙体六六六的抗性高达2265.2、175.5、688.4、1884.2和8358.0倍,均达极高抗水平。而增效     

灭蝇胺对阻止家蝇繁殖效果的初探

近年来,随着杀虫剂的广泛大面积的应用,许多害虫都对其产生了抗药性。在蝇类防治方面,由于我国历年来灭蝇的特点均为采用单一用药,故家蝇几乎已对所有的常用杀虫剂产生了较高的抗性。我国在杀灭蝇蛆方面可选用的药剂较少,用药单一。据报导,家蝇对敌百虫抗药性已上升了1 239.1倍,由此可见,寻找不同作用机制的杀虫剂进行轮换用     

深圳口岸地区家蝇抗性探讨

分别用微量点滴法、低浓度连续唢雾法对深圳口岸地区家蝇进行敌敌畏、溴氰菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、敌百虫的抗性测定。结果表明,家蝇对敌敌畏、敌百虫产生一定程度的抗性,对溴氰菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯敏感。建议将有机磷类杀虫剂与拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂进行轮换使用或经研究后混合使用,以减少抗性产生,增强杀虫效果和延长其使用寿命。     

细胞色素P450在家蝇抗药性中的作用

细胞色素P450是几乎存在于所有生物体中的一类重要的酶,已知在昆虫对杀虫剂的代谢解毒过程中发挥着非常重要的作用。细胞色素P450对杀虫剂解毒作用的增强是导致昆虫对杀虫剂产生抗药性的普遍而重要的机制。该文综述了有关家蝇细胞色素P450研究的一些重要进展,着重介绍家蝇抗药性相关的细胞色素P450以及细胞色素P450在一些相对新的杀虫剂抗性中的作用。     

家蝇对4种杀虫剂抗药性的测定

我们在监测家蝇抗性动态的基础上,利用已掌握的抗性资料,于1987～1989年在防制现场开展了溴氰菊酯、二氯笨醚菊酯,敌敌畏、敌百虫混配用药, 调剂品种等综合防制家蝇抗药性的测定。结果见表1、2。溴氰菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯由于广泛、大量的使     

家蝇对菊酯类的抗性及增效剂的增效作用

本文测定了Ｄｅｃｉｓ－Ｒ、２ｃｌ－Ｒ和敏感品系（ＳＰ）家蝇头部乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡＣｈＥ）的活力，溴氰菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、半胆碱（ＨＣ－３）、增效磷（ＳＶ１）、八氯二丙醚（Ｓ２）、苯基甲氨基甲酸酯（Ｓ３），杀那特（Ｓ４）对ＡＣｈＥ的抑制作用。结果表明，家蝇头部ＡＣｈＥ活力与抗性的形成有一定的关系，溴氰菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、Ｓ２对ＡＣｈＥ的抑制作用不明显，ＨＣ－３、ＳＶ１、Ｓ３和Ｓ４对抗性家蝇ＡＣｈＥ的抑     

Penetration and excretion of effective ethoxychlor analogs in DDT-resistant and susceptible houseflies

The penetration and excretion of six³Hring substituted ethoxychlor analogs with altered aliphatic moieties (isobutane, dichloroethane, chloropropane, dichloropropane, nitropropane and neopentane) and¹⁴Cp,p′DDT were examined in susceptible and DDT-resistant strains of houseflyMusca domestica Linnaeus. Within 24 hr, more than 85% of the applied dose of tested analogs penetrated into both strains except the nitropropane analog and there was no correlation between the rate of penetration and their toxicities to houseflies. The isobutane, chloropropane, and dichloroethane were eliminated rapidly (55 to 65% in 24 hr). Only 10 to 40% of the other analogs were excreted in 24 hr. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of excretory products in feces indicated that chloroalkane analogs were primarily metabolized to corresponding dehydrochlorinated products. The isobutane, nitropropane, and neopentane were oxidized to benzophenones. There was a strong correlation between the Taft (6*) values for the aliphatic moieties of ethoxychlor analogs and LD₅₀ resistant/susceptible houseflies (R/S ratio). The results indicate that rates and extent of metabolism resulting in detoxication of these analogs play an important role in their toxicity to DDT-resistant houseflies.     

Dehydrochlorination and DDT-resistance in Culex mosquitos

The mechanism of resistance to DDT was investigated in Culex mosquitos to ascertain whether it was associated with detoxication to DDE as in houseflies and Aedes aegypti. Resistant larvae of C. tarsalis were found to effect this dehydrochlorination, whereas the susceptible larvae did not; resistant larvae of C. fatigans completely converted all the absorbed DDT to the metabolite DDE. Enzyme assays in vitro showed that the resistant C. fatigans had 10 times the dehydrochlorinating activity, and resistant C. tarsalis four times the dehydrochlorinating activity, of their susceptible counterparts. The DDT-dehydrochlorinase enzyme of C. fatigans resembled that of Aedes aegypti more than that of the housefly, though differing from it in at least one respect.     

Penetration and comparative metabolism of leptophos in susceptible and resistant houseflies

The metabolism and rate of penetration of leptophos (O-methylO-4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl phenylphosphonothioate) was determined in a susceptible strain and a strain of houseflies which was 50-fold resistant to leptophos. Penetration of leptophos into resistant flies was substantially slower than into susceptible flies but large differences in metabolism, both quantitatively and qualitatively, were not observed. No difference was observed in the sensitivity of flyhead and thorax acetylcholinesterase to leptophos-oxonin vitro, and tolerance to leptophos by the resistant strain is explained in terms of decreased rates of penetration and minor differences in metabolism.     

抗性家蝇蛹期多肽的双向电泳分析

分析抗性家蝇蛹期多肽，以了解蛋白质变化情况。方法：对家蝇的抗性株、对照株和敏感株蛹体内的多肽进行了聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳分析。结果：抗性株具有一特异的多肽点，且有3个多肽点在量上明显多于对照株。结论：杀虫剂的作用可使抗性家蝇体内的蛋白在质和量上发生改变。     

杀虫剂对抗药性家蝇的兴奋性研究

目的研究3种类型4种杀虫剂对2种杀虫剂抗性品系以及实验室敏感品系家蝇的兴奋性。方法杀虫剂兴奋度测定的方法。结果随着溴氰菊酯浓度的增加,Lab品系的平均停留时间有延长也有缩短,溴氰菊酯抗性品系家蝇(Del-R)均缩短;接触不同浓度的高效氯氟氰菊酯,Lab和高效氯氟氰菊酯抗性品系家蝇(Chy-R)均缩短,浓度越高,停留时间越短。Lab品系家蝇接触氟虫腈药面的平均停留时间均缩短,有浓度高,停留时间缩短的趋势。Lab品系家蝇在甲基嘧啶磷药面上的平均停留时间有延长也有缩短,低浓度延长,高浓度缩短。结论溴氰菊酯抗性品系家蝇存在行为学的改变,具备行为抗性的特征;高效氯氟氰菊酯用作滞留性喷洒时剂量不宜大于62.5 mg ai/m2;氟虫腈、甲基嘧啶磷对敏感品系家蝇具有兴奋作用,但12.5 mg ai/m2的甲基嘧啶磷对家蝇的兴奋性没有影响。     

The joint action of malathion and IBP against malathion-resistant and -susceptible strains of Anopheles stephensi

Malathion resistance in an Anopheles stephensi strain from Pakistan is dependent on a single gene, which results in increased degradation of malathion to the monocarboxylic acid. Mixtures of malathion and the fungicide IBP (O, O-bis(1-methylethyl) S-phenylmethyl phosphorothioate) were tested against this resistant strain and a laboratory susceptible strain. The mixtures were more toxic to both the resistant and susceptible insects than either IBP or malathion alone. The high degree of synergism with the mixtures against the susceptible strain would not be expected if IBP were simply competing with malathion for a common carboxylesterase detoxification enzyme. The reason for the high degree of synergism in the susceptible strain is unknown.     

家蝇对辛硫磷抗性预测研究

目的：预测辛硫磷防治家蝇造成的抗性趋势；方法：用辛硫磷对家蝇进行室内选育，用点滴法测定家蝇的抗性水平，无选择压力下饲养观察家蝇对辛硫磷的敏感性变化，观察不同抗性水平家蝇的生物学；结果：经过8次辛硫磷处理，家蝇抗性水平RF由38上升到633，而在无选择压力下30代后，家蝇抗性水平RF从44衰迟到16。用辛硫磷处理的家蝇对胺菊酯、氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯的敏感性上升，LD50分别下降了71．7％、54．1％和45．1％，而对乙酰甲胺磷、益必添、杀螟松及溴氰菊酯敏感性下降，LD50分别上升了271．0％、105．7％、66．0％和55．0％，而5％的残杀威对家蝇的24h死亡率只有20％。低抗性水平家蝇成蝇大量发生早于高抗性水平家蝇，其蛹期内的前6d蛹量占整个世代的约50％，而高抗性水平家蝇仅占25．0％左右；结论：家蝇对辛硫磷抗性增长速度远远大于抗性衰退的速度。用辛硫磷防治家蝇时不宜连续使用，可以与辛硫磷轮用的菊酯类杀虫剂有胺菊酯、氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯。化学方法防治低抗性水平的家蝇应在种群大量发生的早期进行，而防治高抗性水平的家蝇应该采用有长期控制作用的方法。     

The comparative toxicity of DDT and analogues to susceptible and resistant houseflies and mosquitos

Studies of the comparative toxicity of more than 120 DDT analogues to susceptible and insecticide-resistant houseflies (Musca domestica L.) and mosquitos (Culex fatigans Wiedemann and Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann) have shown that the relative effectiveness of these compounds against DDT-resistant insects is correlated with the susceptibility of the molecule to attack by DDT-ase at the benzylic hydrogen. Compounds highly effective against DDT-resistant flies and mosquitos are produced by blocking this detoxication mechanism by o-chlorination, α-fluorination, and by altering the aliphatic portion of the molecule as in the nitropropyl, neopentyl, dichlorocyclopropyl, and trichlorobenzanilide derivatives. These compounds offer practical possibilities for the control of DDT-resistant insects. The correlation of structure, DDT-like activity, and resistance ratios gives new insight into the mode of action of DDT and the nature of DDT resistance.     

Penetration and comparative metabolism of leptophos in susceptible and resistant houseflies.

The metabolism and rate of penetration of leptophos (O-methyl O-4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl phenylphosphonothioate) was determined in a susceptible strain and a strain of housefies which was 50-fold resistant to leptophos. Penetration of leptophos into resistant flies was substantially slower than into susceptible flies but large differences in metabolism, both quantitatively and qualitatively, were not observed. No difference was observed in the sensitivity of flyhead and thorax acetylcholinesterase to leptophos-oxon in vitro, and tolerance to leptophos by the resistant strain is explained in terms of decreased rates or penetration and minor differences in metabolism.