核因子-κB调控老年大鼠脾淋巴细胞凋亡及淫羊藿总黄酮对其影响

目的探讨核因子-κB（nuclearfactor—kappaB，NF-κB）对老年大鼠脾淋巴细胞凋亡的调控作用及淫羊藿总黄酮（epimedium total flaonoids，EF）对老年大鼠脾淋巴细胞凋亡的调控作用是否通过NF—κB实现。方法分别给予老年大鼠模型NF-κB抑制剂二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷（PDTC）和EF干预，提取大鼠脾淋巴细胞，用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡，Westem blot检测P65蛋白表达，电泳迁移率（electrophoretic mobility shift assay，EMSA）检测NF-κB的活性。结果老年大鼠脾淋巴细胞凋亡率比青年大鼠高（P〈0．01），PDTC使老年大鼠的凋亡率更高，而EF使老年大鼠的凋亡率降低，与老年组相比有显着性差异（P〈0．05），且EF能拮抗PDTC诱导老年大鼠胆淋巴细胞凋亡。与青年大鼠相比老年大鼠脾淋巴细胞P65蛋白表达显著下调（P〈0．01），而使用EF的老年大鼠组P65蛋白表达明显上调，表明EF诱导P65高表达。老年大鼠脾淋巴细胞NF-κB的活性弱于青年大鼠（P〈0．01），而PDTC处理组的NF—κB活性最低与老年大鼠组相比差异明显（P〈0．01），EF干预组的NF-κB的活性最强，与老年大鼠组相比差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。相关分析表明，淋巴细胞NF—κB活性与细胞凋亡率呈负相关（r=-0．57，P〈0．01）。结论NF-κB通过抑制淋巴细胞凋亡而参与老年大鼠免疫衰老调控过程；EF可能通过提高NF-κB的活性和诱导P65高表达来抑制淋巴细胞凋亡从而延缓免疫衰老进程。     

塞来昔布对大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞炎症损伤的作用

背景：急性胰腺炎（AP）的发病始于胰腺腺泡细胞内胰酶的激活,造成腺泡细胞损伤。环氧合酶-2（COX-2）和核因子-κB（NF．KB）在AP的炎症反应中起重要作用。目的：观察雨蛙肽和选择性COX-2抑制剂塞来昔布对离体大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞COX-2和NF—κB表达的影响．探讨塞来昔布对腺泡细胞炎症损伤的作用。方法：分离大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞,分为对照组、雨蛙肽组（1×10^-7mol／L）和塞来昔布干预组（100μmol／L,15min后加入雨蛙肽）,分别培养1、3、6、12h。测定腺泡细胞活力、淀粉酶分泌率和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）漏出率,逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和免疫细胞化学染色检测COX-2、NF—κBmRNA和蛋白表达。结果：与对照组相比,雨蛙肽组各时间点腺泡细胞活力均显著降低,淀粉酶分泌率和LDH漏出率显著增高,COX-2和NF—κBmRNA表达量显著增高,蛋白表达阳性率亦增加（P〈0．05）。塞来昔布干预组各时间点腺泡细胞活力、淀粉酶分泌率和LDH漏出率均较雨蛙肽组显著改善（心O．05）,COX-2mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低（P〈0．05）,NF—κBmRNA和蛋白表达与雨蛙肽组无明显差异。结论：塞来昔布可抑制大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞中雨蛙肽刺激的COX-2活性,从而减轻细胞炎症损伤。     

PEP-1-SOD1对SAP大鼠细胞凋亡的影响

背景:重度急性胰腺炎(SAP)以胰腺弥漫性出血和组织坏死为特征,具有很高的死亡率。PEP-1-SOD1是一种利用基因工程技术合成的融合蛋白,稳定性较高,具有一定的抗炎作用。目的:探讨PEP-1-SOD1对SAP大鼠细胞凋亡的影响。方法:将24只雄性Wistar大鼠分为对照组、SAP组和实验组。以5%牛磺胆酸钠制备SAP大鼠模型,实验组在造模前30 min腹部皮下注射8. 0 mg/kg PEP-1-SOD1,SAP组注射同剂量0. 9%NaC l溶液。行组织病理学评分,以TUNEL法检测胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡情况,分别以荧光定量PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达。结果:造模后24 h,SAP组和实验组大鼠血清脂肪酶、淀粉酶水平、caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达均显著高于对照组(P 0. 05),而实验组血清脂肪酶、淀粉酶显著低于SAP组(P 0. 05),caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达显著升高(P 0. 05)。造模后6 h、24 h,SAP组和实验组胰腺组织病理学评分、凋亡指数显著高于对照组(P 0. 05),而实验组组织病理学评分显著低于SAP组(P 0. 05),凋亡指数显著升高(P 0. 05)。结论:PEP-1-SOD1可通过调控凋亡相关基因caspase-3的表达,减轻SAP大鼠胰腺组织病理损害,增加胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡,促进胰腺功能恢复正常。     

IL-10对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠NF—κB及IL-12水平的影响

目的观察白介素10（IL-10）对ANP大鼠NF—κB和IL-12表达的影响，探讨IL-10的作用机制。方法将92只SD大鼠按随机分组法分为对照组、ANP组和IL-10干预组。采用3次腹腔注射左旋精氨酸（1．0mg／g体重）的方法制备ANP模型。对照组腹腔注射等量生理盐水。IL-10组在制模后2、5、8h分别于腹腔内注射IL-10 10 000U。制模后4、12、24、36h分批处死动物，观察血清淀粉酶、IL-12及胰腺组织NF—κB水平的变化。结果制模后24h点IL-10组胰腺病理分值为4．75±1．75，胰腺NF—κB含量为（112．89±34．48）μg/ml，血清淀粉酶含量为（1481．13±336．48）U／L，血清IL-12水平为（81．31±17．23）pg／ml，均明显低于同时点ANP组大鼠（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。NF—κB和IL-12呈正相关（r=0．494，P〈0．01），两者与胰腺病理分值也呈正相关（r=0．447和r=0．603，P〈0．01）。结论IL-10对ANP有一定的治疗作用，其机能可能通过抑制NF—κB途径而抑制ANP的炎症反应。     

核因子-κB在脂多糖诱导的大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞AR42J炎性效应中的作用

目的探讨核因子-κB（NF—κB）在急性胰腺炎体外模型中的作用。方法以10mg／L脂多糖刺激AR42J细胞构建急性胰腺炎的体外模型，设2h、6h、12h、18h和24h共5个时间点，每时间点设3个复孔，逆转录-多聚酶链反应（RT—PCR）半定量法观察细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）和NF—KBp65亚单位mRNA表达的改变；链酶亲和素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物法（SABC）检测p65蛋白在AR42J细胞中的表达；人工碘比色法观察培养液上清中淀粉酶的改变。结果脂多糖刺激后，AR42J细胞以时间依赖方式上调ICAM-1 mRNA和p65 mRNA的表达，24h达最高值；二者之间具有直线相关性（P〈0．01），同时P65蛋白亦呈时间依赖方式表达增强，24h表达最强；各组间淀粉酶无明显改变（P〉0．05）。结论在脂多糖诱导的胰腺腺泡细胞AR42J炎性效应中，NF—κB调控致炎细胞因子ICAM-1的表达。     

罗格列酮对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎NF-κB和ICAM-1的作用

目的探讨大鼠重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）时罗格列酮对核因子-κB（NF-κB）和细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）的作用。方法急性胰腺炎模型组（SAP组）逆行胆胰管注射牛磺胆酸钠建立大鼠SAP模型;假手术组（SO组）逆行胆胰管注射等量生理盐水;罗格列酮组（R组）于造模前30min给予罗格列酮。检测血清淀粉酶（AMY）的变化,取胰头部胰腺组织行病理学检查;免疫组化检测胰腺组织NF-κB和ICAM-1的表达情况。结果SAP组各时间点AMY、胰腺组织病理评分及NF-κB和ICAM-1的表达较SO组增高（P〈0．01）;R组各时间点上述指标较SAP组均下降,但仍高于SO组（P〈0．01）;NF-κB和ICAM-1两者在SAP组和R组具有相关性（P〈0．01）。结论罗格列酮能减轻大鼠SAP胰腺病理损伤,其机制可能与通过抑制NF-κB的活性、降低ICAM-1的表达有关。     

虫草菌丝对非酒精性脂肪肝病大鼠肝细胞凋亡的作用及其相关机制

目的（1）证实肝细胞凋亡的异常增多存在于非酒精性脂肪性肝病中。（2）观察虫草菌丝对肝细胞凋亡异常增多的影响，并探讨可能的分子机制。方法通过高脂饮食建立大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的模型，同时设立正常饮食对照组，病理对照组（NASH组），虫草菌丝干预组（CS组）。肝组织切片HE染色观察肝脏病理改变；检测肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性；TUNEL检测肝组织肝细胞凋亡情况；免疫组织化学染色观察肝组织Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-3、NF-κB P65蛋白表达情况。结果（1）与正常对照组相比，病理对照组大鼠肝组织广泛弥漫肝细胞脂肪变性，炎性细胞浸润、坏死、局部有纤维组织增生；肝脏SOD活性显著降低（P〈0．01）；TUNEL法检测肝细胞凋亡显著增多（P〈0．01）；免疫组化染色显示Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达增加（P〈0．01），而Bcl-2无显著变化（P〉0．05）；（2）与病理对照组相比，虫草菌丝组大鼠肝组织有广泛肝细胞脂肪变性，炎性细胞浸润，可见灶性及点状坏死，未见纤维组织增生；肝组织SOD活性高于病理对照组（P〈0．05）；TUNEL法检测凋亡的肝细胞显著减少（P〈0．01）；免疫组化染色显示Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达也明显降低（分别为P〈0．05、P〈0．01），而Bcl-2、NF-κB P65蛋白表达增加（P〈0．01）。结论（1）NASH时肝细胞凋亡异常增多。（2）虫草菌丝可以通过增加超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性来减少活性氧含量，降低Bax表达，增加Bcl-2表达和活化NF-κB P65减轻NAFLD中肝细胞凋亡从而在一定程度上具有保护肝脏功能的作用，对延缓或阻止脂肪肝病变的进展起到一定的作用。     

抗氧化剂PDTC对肝癌细胞株Hep3B增殖的影响及机制

目的探讨抗氧化剂二硫代氨基甲酸毗咯烷（PDTC）在肝细胞性肝癌化学预防中的作用及机制。方法将不同浓度PDTC、阿霉素及PDTC联用阿霉素作用于Hep3B细胞。采用MTT法检测细胞存活率;流式细胞术（FCM）检测凋亡率;电泳迁移率变动分析（EMSA）检测NF—KB活性。结果PDTC作用后Hep3B存活率明显降低,呈浓度依赖性,P〈0．01。阿霉素联用PDTC的细胞生长抑制率明显高于单用阿霉素（P〈0．01）。PDTC为10μmol／L时的细胞凋亡率明显低于50μmol／L时（P〈0．01）。EMSA示PDTC作用后NF-κB表达降低,不同浓度PDTC作用两两相比P〈0．01。结论PDTC能抑制肝癌细胞株Hep3B的增殖、促进细胞凋亡、增强阿霉素的细胞毒作用;其作用机制主要是抑制NF-κB激活。PDTC可用于肝癌的化学预防,联用阿霉素可进一步提高疗效。     

PDTC对重症急性胰腺炎胰腺腺泡细胞NF-κB活性与血液炎症因子的影响

目的通过检测胰腺腺泡细胞核转录因子(NF-κB)活性及血液IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、TNFα及ICAM-1含量的变化,探讨吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸脂(PDTC)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)胰腺腺泡细胞NF-κB活性和血液炎症细胞因子的影响。方法采用5%牛磺胆酸钠胰管逆行注射制备SAP动物模型。SD雄性大鼠40只,按随机分配原则分为SAP( )PDTC治疗组和SAP(-)空白对照组。采用EMSA法检测胰腺腺泡细胞胞核NF-κB活性、Western-blotting法检测胰腺腺泡细胞胞质IκBa抑制活性及ELISA法检测血液IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、TNFα及ICAM-1含量。结果PDTC在1h、3h、5h及7h均可显著抑制SAP胰腺腺泡细胞胞核NF-κB活性(22.47±5.39 vs 31.36±5.72、27.92±4.75 vs 39.44±6.31、23.77±3.95 vs 33.80±5.96及19.78±3.48 vs 25.69±4.91)(P<0.01);显著增强SAP胰腺腺泡细胞胞质IκBa活性(8.55±1.26 vs 6.37±1.19、7.31±1.36 vs 5.91±1.65、9.53±1.73 vs 6.85±1.37及9.19±1.48 vs .97±0.86)(P<0.01);显著抑制血液中炎症细胞因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、TNFα及ICAM-1活性(P<0.05)。结论吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸酯可通过抑制SAP胰腺腺泡细胞NF-κB活性,增加胰腺腺泡细胞胞质IκBa抑制活性的能力,减少血液中炎症细胞因子活性,从而抑制SAP引起的过度炎症反应。     

吡格列酮对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎的干预治疗作用

目的 观察经过氧化酶体增殖因子活化受体7（PPART）配体吡咯列酮预处理后急性坏死型胰腺炎（SAP）大鼠胰腺组织中核因子-κB（NF-κB）和细胞间粘附分子-1（ICAM-1）表达的变化，探讨PPARγ对大鼠SAP的干预治疗作用。方法54只健康雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠，均分为假手术组（C组）、SAP组（A组）和吡格列酮预处理组（Ⅰ组）。采用逆行胰胆管内加压注射5％牛磺胆酸钠（0．1ml／100g）建立SAP模型。Ⅰ组大鼠在术前2h腹腔内注射吡格列酮（2mg／100g）。分别于术后3、6、12h3个时段采用腹主动脉放血法将大鼠分批处死（每次每组6只），取血、腹水和胰腺组织。采用免疫组化二步法检测胰腺组织NF-κB和ICAM-1的表达，同时进行血清淀粉酶、腹水、胰腺大体病理、组织学评分和胰腺组织含水量测定。结果吡咯列酮预处理可明显减轻大鼠SAP严重程度，血清淀粉酶水平于6h后降低；腹水量减少；胰腺组织大体和病理评分6h后降低；组织含水量逐渐减少。吡咯列酮预处理后大鼠胰腺组织中ICAM-1表达减弱、NF-κB活性受到抑制（P值均〈0．05）。结论吡咯列酮具有减轻SAP效应，可能是通过抑制NF-κB活性和ICAM-1表达起到抗炎作用，有望成为一种临床治疗SAP的有效新方法。     

重症急性胰腺炎NF-κB活化及维生素C干预治疗的实验研究

目的观察重症急性胰腺炎胰腺组织中NF-kB活化情况及VitC干预治疗对NF-kB活性的影响。方法54只雌性大鼠随机分为假手术组、重症急性胰腺炎组(SAP)、VitC预处理组(VitC SAP)。SAP模型经胆胰管内加压注射3.5%牛黄胆酸钠0.1ml／100g。VitC预处理组在建立模型前1h按VitC注射液1g／kg肌注给药。分别于建模后3h、6h、12h将大鼠分批处死,检测血淀粉酶,免疫组化法检测各组胰腺组织NF-kB的表达。常规病理并按Jan'S标准进行评分。结果VitC预处理组血清淀粉酶水平较SAP组在各个时间点均明显下降(3h,P<0.01,6h、12h,P<0.05)。VitC预处理组胰腺炎症范围、腺泡坏死程度及血管变化均较SAP组明显减轻,胰腺组织病理评分在各时间点明显低于SAP组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。假手术组可见胰腺组织NF-kB少量表达,VitC预处理组胰腺细胞NF-kB阳性率在各时间点均较SAP组明显减少(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论抗氧化剂VitC能抑制胰腺细胞NF-kB活化,减轻SAP胰腺组织损害和降低血清淀粉酶水平,对SAP具有一定治疗作用。     

大鼠急性胰腺炎模型建立的探究

目的 建立一种简单易行和稳定可靠的L-精氨酸诱导的急性胰腺炎模型,以便对治疗急性胰腺炎的疗效进行观察和探讨.方法 选择36只健康SD大鼠,采用15％和20％不同浓度的L-精氨酸溶液（用0.9％的生理盐水配制而成）1.5 g/kg腹腔内注射入大鼠体内,分别于不同的时间点取材,分别检测大鼠的存活率、血生化指标中的血清淀粉酶和脂肪酶以及大鼠胰腺的病理变化.结果 15％L-精氨酸溶液腹腔注射大鼠的生存率明显高于20％组,实验组的动物12h后血清淀粉酶和血清脂肪酶水平明显升高,显著高于对照组（P ＜0.0001）,但两实验组之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,病理结果显示胰腺腺泡结构紊乱,大量腺泡细胞水肿、坏死,出现核固缩,胞内空泡形成,小叶间隙增宽并伴有炎性细胞浸润及出血.20％L-精氨酸组病理改变较严重,腺泡和导管消失并伴有皂化斑形成.结论 应用15％ ～ 20％的L-精氨酸溶液1.5 g/kg的剂量可致不同程度的比较稳定的急性胰腺炎模型.并且其浓度大小决定胰腺损伤的程度.15％L-精氨酸所致急性胰腺炎是比较理想的模型.     

3-MA和PDTC联合应用对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎的协同保护作用

背景:重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)是临床上常见的急腹症之一,目前发病机制仍不十分明确。SAP自噬与炎症关系的研究尚不多见。目的:探讨自噬抑制剂3-MA和NF-κB抑制剂PDTC对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)的协同保护作用。方法:90只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(SO组)、ANP组、3-MA组、PDTC组以及3-MA+PDTC组。采用胰胆管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠诱导制备大鼠ANP模型,造模后3 h、6 h、12 h分别处死大鼠。全自动生化分析仪检测血清淀粉酶(AMY),ELISA法测定IL-1β,HE染色观察胰腺组织病理变化,免疫组化、蛋白质印迹法检测胰腺组织Beclin-1和NF-κBp65表达。结果:与SO组相比,ANP组血清AMY、IL-1β水平、胰腺组织病理损伤、胰腺组织Beclin-1和NF-κBp65表达均随时间延长而升高(P<0.05)。与ANP组相比,3-MA组和PDTC组造模后6 h、12 h血清AMY、IL-1β水平明显降低(P<0.05),病理损伤减轻,胰腺组织Beclin-1和NF-κBp65表达明显降低(P<0.05)。与单药干预组相比,3-MA+PDTC组造模后6 h、12 h血清AMY、IL-1β水平明显降低(P<0.05),造模后12 h,病理损伤明显减轻,胰腺组织Beclin-1和NF-κBp65表达明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:自噬抑制剂3-MA和NF-κB抑制剂PDTC联合干预可通过阻断自噬激活和胰腺损伤炎症级联反应而对ANP大鼠有协同保护作用。     

The hourly rate of urinary amylase excretion, serum amylase, and serum lipase: Part II Patients with gastrointestinal and pancreatic disorders

Gastrointestinal disease other than hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders was associated with hourly rates of urinary amylase excretion above the limits of normal for control subjects (88 IU/hour compared with 69 IU/hour). In hepatobiliary disease, excretion rates of more than 88 but usually less than 190 IU/hour were sometimes found. Whilst rates of urinary amylase excretion were not helpful in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis or carcinoma of the pancreas, levels above 190 IU/hour were found in acute pancreatitis at a time when the serum levels were also diagnostic. After the acute episode the rate of urinary amylase excretion was moderately elevated for up to six days but did not reach diagnostic levels. Persistent elevation of serum amylase and lipase levels and hourly rates of urinary amylase excretion for more than six days suggested that a pseudocyst had developed. In acute pancreatitis the level of serum lipase was more frequently raised and persisted so for longer than either the serum or urinary amylase.Although the hourly rate of urinary amylase excretion is of little value alone, when performed in conjunction with evaluating the serum amylase and lipase it may provide useful additional evidence of pancreatic disease and it could be useful in the diagnosis of relapsing chronic pancreatitis.     

益活清胰汤与葡激酶在大鼠重症急性胰腺炎治疗中的协同作用

[目的]研究葡激酶(r-Sak)和益活清胰汤对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的治疗作用及2药合用的协同作用.[方法]162只SD大鼠随机分为假手术(A)组(n=18)、造模(B)组、益活清胰汤治疗(C)组、r-Sak治疗(D)组及益活清胰汤合用r-Sak治疗(E)组(均n=36).每组随机选9只用于测定18 h存活情况,SAP造模术后6、12、18h各取9只测定胰腺血流量,计算腹水量,测定血清淀粉酶(AMY)、脂肪酶(LPO),并在光镜下观察胰腺病理变化.[结果]A、B、C、D和E组大鼠18 h存活数分别为9、2、6、7、8只.A、C、D、E 4组SAP术后6、12、18 h AMY、LPO、腹水均较B组明显降低,C组较D组低,E组较C、D组低(均P＜0.05).术后各时点B组胰组织血流量呈逐渐下降趋势,B、C、D、E组较A组显著下降(P＜0.05).C、D、E 3组各时点胰组织血流量降低值＜B组,D组＜C组,E组＜C、D组(均P＜0.05).C、D、E组胰腺的病理损伤程度较B组减轻.[结论]r-Sak及益活清胰汤均对大鼠SAP具有治疗作用,且2药具有协同作用.     

Induction of apoptosis by artemisinin relieving the severity of inflammation in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis

AIM： To observe the apoptosis and oncosis of pancreatic acinar cells and secondary inflammatory reaction in pancreatic tissue from rats with acute pancreatitis （AP）, and the influences of artemisinin on them.METHODS： AP was induced by 4 intraperitoneal iojections of caerulein at 1 h intervals. To induce apoptosis, solution of artemisinin （50 mg/kg） was given intraperitoneally 1, 12, 24 and 36 h after the last caerulein injection. Histological examination of impairment of pancreatic tissue and detection of serum amylase were performed to evaluate the severity of acute pancreatitis. Apoptosis and oncosis were detected with acridine orange （AO） and ethylene dibromide （EB） staining. Caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity were measured by colorimetric assay. Nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-KB） activation was detected by flow cytometry. Macrophage inflammatory protein-lα（MIP-1α） protein was measured by Western blot. Interleukin- 1β（IL-1β） mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS： Addition of artemisinin increased the number of apoptotic cells （11.7%±1.4% vs 6.3%± 0.7%, P 〈 0.05）, while reduced the number of oncotic cells （13.0% ±2.4% vs 17.5%±2.2%, P 〈 0.05）. The activity of caspase-3 speeded up （1.52±0.21 vs 1.03±0.08, P 〈 0.05）, the pancreas pathological impairment was relieved （3.0±0.5 vs 4.0± 0.5, P 〈 0.05） and the level of serum amylase decreased （5642±721 U/dL vs 7821±653 U/dL, P 〈 0.05）. The activation of NF-1α （29%±4.1% vs 42%±5.8%）, MIP-1α protein （3.7±0.5 vs 5.8±0.7）,MPO （0.52±0.06 U/g vs 0.68±0.09 U/g）, IL-1β mRNA （1.7 ±0.3 vs 2.4 ±0.4） in the apoptosis inducing group was obviously decreased （P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： Inducing apoptosis can relieve pathological impairment and inflammatory reaction in AP rats.     

Protective effects of rhubarb on experimental severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the effects of rhubarb on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats. METHODS: Severe acute pancreatitis was induced by two intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (40 μg/kg body weight) plus 5-h restraint water-immersion stress. Rhubarb (75-150 mg/kg) was orally fed before the first cerulein injection. The degree of pancreatic edema, serum amylase level, local pancreatic blood flow (PBF), and histological alterations were investigated. The effects of rhubarb on pancreatic exocrine secretion in this model were evaluated by comparing with those of somatostatin. RESULTS: In the Cerulein+Stress group, severe edema and diffuse hemorrhage in the pancreas were observed, the pancreatic wet weight (11.60&#177;0.61 g/Kg) and serum amylase (458 490&#177;43 100 U/L) were markedly increased (P&lt;0.01 vs control). In the rhubarb (150 mg/kg) treated rats, necrosis and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration in the pancreas were significantly reduced (P&lt;0.01), and a marked decrease (50%) in serum amylase levels was also observed (P&lt;0.01). PBF dropped to 38% (93&#177;5 mL/min per 100 g) of the control in the Cerulein+Stress group and partly recovered in the Cerulein+Stress+Rhubarb 150 mg group (135&#177;12 mL/min per 100 g) (P&lt;0.01). The pancreatic exocrine function was impaired in the SAP rats. The amylase levels of pancreatic juice were reduced in the rats treated with rhubarb or somatostatin, comparing with that of untreated SAP group. The bicarbonate concentration of pancreatic juice was markedly elevated only in the rhubarbtreated group (P&lt;0.01). CONCLUSION: Rhubarb can exert protective effects on SAP, probably by inhibiting the inflammation of pancreas, improving pancreatic microcirculation, and altering exocrine secretion.     

Nuclear factor-kappaB activation on the reactive oxygen species in acute necrotizing pancreatitic rats

AIM: To investigate the potential role of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-KB) activation on the reactive oxygen species in rat acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and to assess the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-KB). METHODS: Rat ANP model was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups (10 rats each): Control group, ANP group and PDTC group. At the 6th h of the model, the changes of the serum amylase, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and pancreatic morphological damage were observed. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) were observed by SP immunohistochemistry. And the expressions of NF-κB p65 subunit mRNA were observed by hybridization in situ. RESULTS: Serum amylase and NO level decreased significantly in ANP group as compared with PDTC administrated group [(7170.40±1308.63) U/L vs(4 074.10±1719.78) U/L, P<0.05], [(76.95±9.04) μmol/L vs(65.18±9.02)μmol/L, P<0.05] respectively. MDA in both ANP and PDTC group rose significantly over that in control group [(9.88±1.52) nmol/L, (8.60±1.41) nmol/L, vs(6.04±1.78) nmol/L, P<0.05], while there was no significant difference between them. SOD levels in both ANP and PDTC group underwent a significant decrease as compared with that in control t(3 214.59±297.74) NU/mL, (3 260.62±229.44) NU/mL, vs(3 977.80±309.09) NU/mL, P<0.05], but there was no significant difference between them. Though they were still higher than those in Control group, pancreas destruction was slighter in PDTC group, iNOS expression and NF-κB p65 subunit mRNA expression were lower in PDTC group as compared with ANP group. CONCLUSION: We conclude that correlation among NF-KB activation, serum amylase, reactive oxygen species level and tissue damage suggests a key role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of ANP. Inhibition of NF-κB activation may reverse the pancreatic damage of rat ANP and the production of reactive oxygen species.     

Effect of IL-4 on altered expression of complement activation regulators in rat pancreatic cells during severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the effect of IL-4 on the altered expression of complement activation regulators in pancreas and pancreatic necrosis during experimental severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: SAP model of rats was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg) into the pancreatic duct. We immunohistochemically assayed the expression of three complement activation regulators: decay accelerating factor (DAF; CD55), 20 ku homologous restriction factor (HRF20; CD59) and membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46), in the pancreatic acinar cells of rats at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after the induction of SAP model. Meanwhile the levels of amylase and lipase were determined, and morphological examination was performed. Then, 61 rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (n = 21) received no treatment after the SAP model was established; group B (n = 20) was given IL-4 (8 μg/animal) intraperitoneally 0,5 h before the SAP model was established; group C (n = 20) was given IL-4 (8 μg/animal) intraperitoneally 0.5 h after the SAP model was established. Plasma amylase and lipase, extent of pancreatic necrosis and expression of complement activation regulators were investigated 6 h after the induction of SAP model. RESULTS: Three complement activation regulators were all expressed in pancreatic acinar cells. MCP was not found on the basolateral surface as reported. Contrary to the gradually increasing plasma level of amylase and lipase, expression of complement activation regulators decreased after SAP model was set up. At the same time, the severity of pancreatic necrosis was enhanced. A strong negative correlation was found between the ex- pression of MCP, DAF, CD59 in pancreatic acinar cells and the severity of pancreatic necrosis (r=-0.748, -0.827, -0.723; P＜0.01). In the second series of experiments, no matter when the treatment of IL-4 was given (before or after the induction of SAP model), the serum level of amylase or lipase was decreased and the extent of pancreatic necrosis was ameliorated significantly. Compared to SAP control group, the expression of DAF and CD59 in pancreas was reinforced when IL-4 was given before the induction of SAP model (P＜0.01, P＜0.05), but the expression of MCP was not influenced (P＞0.05). The expression of DAF was enhanced, when IL-4 was given after the induction of SAP model (P＜0.05), but the expression of CD59 and MCP did not change (P＞0.05). CONCLUSION: Complement activation regulators may participate in the pathogenesis of pancreatic inflammation. Downregulation of complement activation regulators expression may be one of the causes of pancreatic necrosis. IL-4 treatment may control SAP aggravation by enhancing expression of DAF and CD59 in pancreas and decreasing pancreatic necrosis. Moreover, DAF and CD59 may play an important role in the regulation of complement activation regulators during SAP.     

Evidence for a role of free radicals by synthesized scavenger, 2-octadecylascorbic acid,in cerulein-induced mouse acute pancreatitis

To define the role of free radicals and of lipid peroxide involvement during the progress of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice, we evaluated the effect of a novel free radical scavenger, 2-octadecylascorbic acid (CV-3611), on pancreatic edema formation, and the levels of serum enzymes (amylase, lipase) and of lipid peroxide in pancreatic tissue. Mice were divided into three groups: control group, intraperitoneal injection of saline only; pancreatitis group, cerulein 50 g/kg injected intraperitoneally six times at 1-hr intervals; treatment group, CV-3611 10 mg/kg subcutaneously just after intraperitoneal cerulein injection. After the cerulein injection, the degree of pancreatic edema formation, serum amylase and lipase levels, and the amount of lipid peroxide in pancreatic tissue increased significantly during the observation period of 12 hr. Treatment with CV-3611 resulted in significant reduction in pancreatic edema formation at 3.5 hr (P<0.05) and 9 hr (P<0.05), serum amylase and lipase levels at 3.5 hr (P<0.05) and 12 hr (P<0.05), and lipid peroxide levels at 3.5 hr (P<0.05), 6 hr (P<0.05) and 12 hr (P<0.05). These results indicate that a novel free radical scavenger, CV-3611, has a strong therapeutic effect during the development of acute pancreatitis and suggest that oxygenderived free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.