趋化因子和基质金属蛋白酶-9与系统性红斑狼疮活动性的关系

目的　探讨系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)患者血清中巨噬细胞来源的趋化因子 (MDC)及基质金属蛋白酶 9(MMP 9)水平与疾病活动程度的关系与意义。方法　用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测和比较分析 36例SLE患者和 30名健康人血清MDC及MMP 9的水平。结果　SLE患者组血清MDC和MMP 9水平 (45 1± 77ng/L ,10 9± 113μg/L)比健康对照组 (6 0 6± 2 4ng/L ,35 2± 15 5μg/L)明显降低 (均P <0 0 0 1) ;经糖皮质激素治疗后血清MDC及MMP 9浓度升高 (P <0 0 0 1和P<0 0 5 )。活动期SLE血清MDC和MMP 9水平低于非活动期 (P <0 0 0 1和P <0 0 5 ) ;肾脏损害组均明显低于非肾脏损害组 (P <0 0 0 1和P <0 0 5 )。而血清MDC水平在关节炎组明显低于非关节炎组 (P <0 0 0 1) ,但MMP 9水平差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　MDC和MMP 9可能参与SLE的发病机制 ,二者的血清水平可作为反映SLE活动程度、肾脏损害以疾病进展与改善的指标。     

肝细胞生长因子和血管内皮生长因子在急性髓系白血病中的表达以及与血管新生的关系

目的 探讨肝细胞生长因子(HGF)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在急性髓系白血病(AML)中的表达及与AML血管新生的关系.方法 应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定AML 25例初发未治、17例完全缓解、16例未缓解、12例复发患者血清中HGF和VEGF的浓度,并与正常对照组比较.结果 血清HGF的浓度:AML初发未治组[(1357.29±358.64) ng/L]、未缓解组[(1175.93±306.71)ng/L]、复发组[(1261.21±340.83) ng/L]患者均明显高于正常对照组[(232.62±99.13) ng/L]和缓解组[ (256.65 ±94.32) ng/L](F=78.35,P＜0.01);血清VEGF的浓度:AML初发未治组[(253.84±49.14) ng/L]、未缓解组[(245.87±54.68) ng/L]、复发组[(264.75 ±62.52) ng/L]患者均明显高于正常对照组[ (97.61±16.19) ng/L]和缓解组[(99.76±15.93) ng/L](F=68.65,P＜0.01);缓解组患者血清HGF和VEGF的浓度与正常对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).HGF和VEGF在AML中呈正相关(r=0.49,P＜0.05).结论 HGF和VEGF与AML的发生、发展密切相关,通过阻抗HGF治疗白血病有望成为新的治疗方法.     

支气管哮喘患儿血清中ECP和IL-5的测定及其临床意义

目的　探讨支气管哮喘患儿不同病期血清中嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白 (ECP)和白细胞介素 5 (IL 5 )浓度变化及其临床意义。方法　用荧光酶联免疫法测定 40例哮喘发作组、2 5例缓解组和 15名正常对照组儿童血清ECP ,用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)测定IL 5水平。结果　哮喘发作组血清ECP浓度 [(10 .2 1± 1.9) μg/L]与正常对照组 [(1.94± 0 .5 ) μg/L]比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,而缓解组 [(2 .2 3± 0 .45 ) μg/L]与正常对照组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。哮喘发作组、缓解组血清中IL 5水平分别 [(90 .0 2± 2 .4)ng/L、(2 5 .96± 1.7)ng/L]与正常对照组 [(9.94± 1.2 )ng/L]比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。 结论　ECP和IL 5是参与哮喘发作过程的重要炎症介质 ,是判断哮喘变应性炎症的重要参考指标。     

冠心病患者血浆胆固醇与内皮素-1 C-反应蛋白及血小板可溶性P选择素相关性研究--附56例报告

目的 :了解冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 (冠心病 )患者血浆胆固醇与内皮素 1、C反应蛋白 (C reactiveprotein ,CRP)及血小板可溶性P选择素 (solubleP selectin ,sP selectin)的关系。方法 :检测5 6例急性冠状动脉综合征 (acutecoronarysyndrome,ACS)、 2 3例慢性稳定型心绞痛 (chronicstableangina ,CSA)患者和对照组 10名正常人血浆总胆固醇、LDL C、内皮素 1、CRP和血小板sP selectin水平。结果 :ACS组血浆内皮素 1[(5 2± 10 )ng/L]、CRP水平 [(2 0± 9)mg/L]与CSA组 [(4 3± 4 )ng/L ,(13± 5 )mg/L]和正常对照组 [(36± 10 )ng/L ,(8± 2 )mg/L]比较差异均有统计学意义 ,均为P <0 0 1。血浆sP selectin水平ACS组 [(15 9± 5 8) μg/L]与CSA组 [(12 9± 1 9) μg/L]比较、CSA组与正常对照组[(6 7± 2 9) μg/L]比较 ,差异均有统计学意义 ,均为P <0 0 1。ACS组血浆总胆固醇、LDL C分别与内皮素 1、CRP、sP selectin呈正相关 [(r=0 2 9,P <0 0 5 ;r=0 5 6 ,P <0 0 1) ,(r=0 4 9,r =0 5 0 ,均为P<0 0 1) ,(r=0 30 ,P <0 0 5 ;r=0 5 4 ,P <0 0 1) ];CSA组血浆LDL C与CRP呈正相关 (r =0 4 7,P <0 0 5 )。结论 :ACS患者的血浆胆固醇可能有加重内皮功能障碍、刺激血管炎症反应和激活血     

104例系统性红斑狼疮患者血清指标的变化及C1q抗体的表达

目的检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清指标及C1q抗体(Anti-C1q)的变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法选取104例SLE患者(SLE组)及100例体检健康者(健康对照组)作为研究对象,检测其血清中Anti-C1q、双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体、其他相关自身抗体及生化指标,并对结果进行分析。结果与健康对照组相比,SLE组的三酰甘油(TG)水平升高[(3.89±0.65)mmol/L vs.(1.12±0.48)mmol/L,P0.05],高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平降低[(0.8±0.2)mmol/L vs.(1.2±0.3)mmol/L,P0.05],超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平升高[(5.5±1.4)mg/L vs.(0.9±0.6)mg/L,P0.05],补体C3水平降低[(87.6±14.7)mg/L vs.(128.2±20.3)mg/L,P0.05],补体C4水平降低[(16.2±4.8)mg/L vs.(29.1±7.4)mg/L,P0.05]。SLE组Anti-C1q水平较健康对照组明显升高[(44±20)U/mL vs.(6.5±1.8)U/mL,P0.05],其中活动期SLE患者Anti-C1q水平明显高于非活动期患者(P0.05),狼疮性肾炎(LN)患者Anti-C1q水平明显高于非LN患者(P0.05),dsDNA抗体阳性者Anti-C1q水平明显高于dsDNA抗体阴性者(P0.05)。结论 SLE患者外周血中各种生化指标和自身抗体的异常为患者疾病诊断提供了一定的理论依据,其中Anti-C1q的异常表达更有助于对活动期SLE和LN的诊断。     

冠心病ApoE基因多态性及其与血清ApoE的关系

目的　探讨冠心病 (CoronaryHeartDisease ,CHD)ApoE基因多态性及其与血清ApoE的关系。 方法　用银染PCR RFLP法来检测ApoE基因多态性 ,其中健康对照者 12 1例 ,CHD患者 12 0例 ,测定所有样本的血清ApoE水平。 结果　 1.CHD组中E3/ 4基因型 (含E4 / 4 )含量 (2 1)较对照组 (10 )高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;CHD患者携带ε 4等位基因 (31)较对照组 (14 )高 (P <0 .0 1)。 2 .CHD组血清ApoE[(45 .5 0± 18.2 4 )mg/L]明显高于对照组[(35 .4 2± 8.89)mg/L](P <0 .0 0 1)。 3.CHD组E2 / 3(含E2 / 2 )的ApoE水平 [(5 3.34± 2 2 .0 )mg/L]明显高于E3/ 3[(44 .14± 14 .9)mg/L](P <0 .0 0 1)。CHD组E3/ 4 (含E4 / 4的 )ApoE水平 [(34.4 2± 8.37)mg/L]明显低于E3/ 3[(44 .14± 14 .9)mg/L](P <0 .0 0 1)。CHD组E4 / 4的ApoE水平 [(2 8.0 6± 5 .81)mg/L]明显低于E3/ 4[(38.12± 8.5 6 )mg/L](P <0 .0 5 )。 结论　ε 4等位基因与CHD密切相关 ;ApoE基因多态性可能是通过影响ApoE水平而实现其CHD致病作用     

老年戊型病毒性肝炎及其重叠感染的临床分析--附96例分析

目的 :探讨老年戊型病毒性肝炎及其重叠其它病毒性肝炎的临床特点 ,以便临床提前干预 ,提高疗效。方法 :根据肝炎病毒标志物检测结果 ,将 96例老年戊型病毒性肝炎患者分为单纯戊型病毒性肝炎组 (单纯戊肝组 )和戊型病毒性肝炎重叠其它肝炎组 (重叠感染组 ) ,对临床表现、肝功能、转归等资料进行分析和比较。结果 :96例老年戊型病毒性肝炎中单纯戊肝组 80例 (83% )、重叠感染组 16例 (17% ) ,P <0 0 1;重叠感染组的总胆红素水平明显高于单纯戊肝组 [(340± 12 7) μmol/L比 (177±99) μmol/L ,P <0 0 1];重叠感染组中的γ 谷氨酰转肽酶 [(32 1± 188)U/L]、碱性磷酸酶 [(35 6±136 )U/L]明显高于单纯戊肝组 [(12 9± 5 7)U/L、 (2 4 6± 79)U/L],均为P <0 0 1;重叠感染组黄疸消退时间明显长于单纯戊肝组 [(5 9± 2 4 )日比 (31± 15 )日 ,P <0 0 1];重叠感染组死亡 4例 (2 5 % ) ,明显高于单纯戊肝组的 1例 (1% ) ,P <0 0 1。结论 :老年戊型病毒性肝炎重叠其它肝炎患者 ,具有病情重 ,并发症和合并症多 ,黄疸深 ,黄疸消退缓慢 ,肝内淤胆明显 ,病死率高等临床特点。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清催乳素水平与Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡研究

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血催乳素(PRL)水平、Th1/Th2细胞因子分泌模式与SLE患者病情活动的关系.方法 检测40例SLE患者(SLE组)血清PRL IFN-γ、IL-4水平,分析二者与SLE病情活动的关系并与20例健康献血者(对照组)比较.结果 ①SLE组较正常对照组血清PRL[(21.58±4.29)ng/ml与(11.87±2.57)ng/ml,P<0.01)]、IL-4[(26.79±5.08)ng/L与(10.71±1.35)ng/L,P<0.01)]高,而IFN-γ[(11.47±3.36)ng/L与(18.36±2.61)ng/L,P<0.01)]、IFN-γ/IL-4(0.76±0.29与2.30±0.15,P<0.01)较正常对照组低.②SLE病情活动组PRL[(28.07±6.36)ng/ml与(14.61±2.14)ng/ml,P<0.01)]、IL-4[(38.52±8.44)ng/L与(14.15±1.63)ng/L,P<0.01)]高于病情稳定组,而IFN-γ[(6.98±2.72)ng/L与(16.24±2.57)ng/L,P<0.01)]、IFN-γ/IL-4(0.35±0.14与1.24±0.29,P<0.01)水平低于病情稳定组.③SEE活动期组10例患者治疗好转后较治疗前PRL[(39.41±11.65)ng/ml与(14.49±8.65)ng/ml,P<0.01)]、IL-4[(45.12±10.44)ng/L与(17.53±5.42)ng/L,P<0.01)]下降,IFN-γ[(6.31±2.59)ng/L与(16.89±4.43)ng/L,P<0.01)]、IFN-γ/IL-4(0.16±0.11与1.16±0.27,P<0.01)回升.结论 SLE患者存在高PRL血症及Th2细胞因子优势,高PRL血症和Th1/Th2比值失衡程度与病情活动呈消长关系.     

螺内酯对严重心力衰竭患者神经体液和左心室功能的影响--附70例报告

目的 :探讨螺内酯对严重心力衰竭 (心衰 )患者血浆脑钠素、心钠素、血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ ,AngⅡ )、醛固酮水平及左心室功能的影响。方法 :137例严重心衰患者随机分为螺内酯组(70例 ,螺内酯 2 0～ 4 0mg/d)和常规治疗组 (6 7例 )。治疗前和治疗 3、 6个月时分别检测血浆脑钠素、心钠素、AngⅡ、醛固酮水平 ,心脏超声测量左心室功能参数的变化。结果 :①螺内酯组和常规治疗组在治疗 3、 6个月时血浆脑钠素水平 [(5 4 9± 170 )ng/L ,(4 98± 16 5 )ng/L对 (6 11± 174 )ng/L ,(5 79± 16 8)ng/L ;P <0 0 5、P <0 0 1]、心钠素水平 [(190± 2 8)ng/L ,(16 9± 2 6 )ng/L对 (2 0 9± 30 )ng/L ,(184± 2 7)ng/L ,P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1]均较治疗前脑钠素水平 [(6 6 1± 189)ng/L ,(6 75± 183)ng/L]及心钠素水平[(2 2 1± 31)ng/L ,(2 2 0± 30 )ng/L]明显下降 ,前者 2项指标在治疗 3、 6个月时较后者下降更明显 (均为P <0 0 5 ) ;螺内酯组治疗 3、 6个月时血浆AngⅡ [(2 74± 86 )ng/L ,(2 80± 92 )ng/L]、醛固酮水平 [(347± 71)pmol/L ,(345± 71)pmol/L]较治疗前 [(2 6 6± 10 4 )ng/L ,(339± 6 7)pmol/L]无明显下降 ,而常规治疗组治疗 3个月时均明显下降 [(2 36± 80 )ng/L ,(2 93± 5 4 )p     

高血压患者血清肝细胞生长因子水平及相关因素分析

目的 观察高血压患者血清肝细胞生长因子(HGF)水平.方法 选取高血压患者30例,2型糖尿病合并高血压患者30例,正常对照者30例,分别测定血清HGF、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、TC、TG以及收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、BMI、腰围(W)等.结果 血清HGF在高血压组[(413.87±90.87)ng/L]及2型糖尿病合并高血压组[(413.72±98.72)ng/L]均高于正常对照组[(120.45±25.11)ng/L](P均＜0.05),高血压组与2型糖尿病合并高血压组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);血清HGF与FBG、SBP呈正相关(r值分别为2.273、5.353,P均＜0.05).结论 高血压患者及2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血清HGF水平均增高,其水平可能反映血管内皮功能不全的严重程度.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.