Resection of the inferior vena cava for hepatic malignancy.

Involvement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) by hepatic tumors, although uncommon, is considered to be unresectable by standard surgical techniques. Recent advances in hepatic surgery have made combined hepatic and vena caval resection possible. The purpose of this study is to describe the surgical techniques and early results of combined resection of the liver and IVC. From 1997 to 2000, 11 patients underwent resection of the IVC along with four to seven liver segments. Resections were carried out for hepatocellular carcinoma (four); colorectal metastases (four); and hepatoblastoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor metastases, and squamous cell carcinoma in one patient each. Ex vivo procedures were performed twice, and total vascular isolation was used in the nine other cases. The IVC was reconstructed with ringed Gore-Tex tube graft (five), primarily (five), or with Gore-Tex patches (one). There were two early deaths: one from liver failure at 3 weeks and one from sepsis secondary to a perforated segment of small bowel 4 months postresection. One patient with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor died at 32 months of recurrent tumor and one patient with hepatocellular carcinoma is alive with recurrent tumor at 16 months. The remaining patients are alive and disease free with follow-up ranging from 3 to 40 months without evidence of IVC occlusion. Combined resection of the liver and IVC is a formidable undertaking with substantial surgical risk. However, this aggressive surgical approach offers a chance for cure in patients with tumors involving the IVC that would otherwise have a dismal prognosis.     

Living-related liver transplantation and vena cava reconstruction after total hepatectomy including the vena cava for hepatoblastoma.

BACKGROUND: In most cases of total hepatectomy (TH) required for hepatoblastoma (HB), the retrohepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) has to be removed with the native liver for complete tumor excision. Because the liver graft procured by living donation has no IVC, a reconstruction of the recipient IVC is needed. We report our experience with living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) and IVC replacement in such cases. METHODS: Between May 1998 and December 1999, four children underwent TH, including IVC and LRLT with IVC replacement for otherwise irresectable HB after chemotherapy (SIOPEL 2 and 3 protocols). IVC reconstruction used an allogenic iliac vein procured from a cadaveric donor (bank graft) in two cases and an internal jugular vein procured from the donor parent in two cases. Median age and weight at surgery were 17 months (range 10-60) and 9.6 kg (range 8.3-17.9). RESULTS: In the living donors, there were two complications of the procurement: one intra-abdominal biliary collection and one subcutaneous abscess. In all four children, complete excision of the tumor could be achieved without any intra-operative complication. One patient died 5 months after LRLT due to lung metastases. Three patients were alive and well with no evidence of tumor recurrence 13-24 months after surgery. Reconstructed IVC was patent in two patients, and asymptomatic thrombosis occurred 2 years after operation in one patient. CONCLUSION: Total hepatectomy including the retrohepatic IVC is not a technical obstacle to LRLT. Therefore, scheduled surgery, at the best time after chemotherapy, can be considered in all patients with otherwise irresectable HBs.     

小儿巨大肝母细胞瘤的外科治疗

目的 对小儿巨大肝母细胞瘤不阻断保留肝血流巨大肝母细胞瘤切除的方法进行探讨.方法 回顾性分析2001年7月至2009年1月北京大学第一医院12例巨大肝母细胞瘤病例,年龄11个月～12岁,平均年龄3.2岁.肿瘤直径10～23 cm.术前常规化疗3～7个疗程,肿瘤缩小至能进行根治术时,全部采用规则的肝叶(段)切除技术,施行不阻断预保留肝血流巨大肝母细胞瘤切除术.结果 本组12例全部成功完成手术,其中肝右三叶(Ⅳ、Ⅴ～Ⅷ)切除5例,右半肝(Ⅴ～Ⅷ)切除4例,第二肝门肝段(Ⅳ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ)切除1例,右下叶肝段(Ⅴ、Ⅵ)切除1例,左半肝(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)切除1例.术中血流动力学指标稳定,无围手术期死亡.术后常规化疗.随访2个月～7年8个月,无瘤生存11例,其中5年以上者6例;另1例在术后5个月发生脑、肺转移,于术后7个月死亡.结论 对巨大肝母细胞瘤术前化疗可使肿瘤缩小,使原来无法手术切除的肿瘤变得可以切除.不阻断预保留肝血流巨大肝母细胞瘤切除术是一种安全可行的手术方法.     

Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the renal and inferior vena cava: the University of Miami experience in using liver transplantation techniques

OBJECTIVES: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC) poses a challenge to the surgeon due to the potential for massive hemorrhage and tumor thromboemboli. We developed a technique for safe resection of these tumors through a transabdominal approach, without recourse to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 1997 to February 2005, 66 patients underwent resection of a RCC with tumor thrombus in the IVC. The extent of the tumor thrombus was renal in 13, infrahepatic in 7; retrohepatic in 38; and intra-atrial in 8 patients. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 6.16+/-0.32 hours. The estimated blood loss ranged from 200 cc to 16,000 cc, with a mean of transfusions being 3.56+/-0.94 U. CBP was required in only 3 patients. Three patients (4.5%) died in the immediate postoperative period. Median follow-up among the 56 survivors was 7.1 months. Six patients died due to metastasis and 1 died of a cause unrelated to the cancer. The estimated actuarial survival at 36 months was 66%. CONCLUSIONS: An aggressive surgical approach is the only hope for curing patients having RCC with a tumor thrombus in the IVC. The extent of dissection is predicated on the extent and level of tumor thrombus. Our surgical approach uses liver transplant techniques to mobilize the liver off the IVC and to separate the IVC from the posterior abdominal wall. This maneuver provides excellent exposure and enables safe vascular control of the IVC.     

Liver Transplantation Techniques with Preservation of the Natural Venovenous Bypass: Effect on Surgical Resection of Renal Cell Carcinoma Invading the Inferior Vena Cava

Although renal tumors invading the inferior vena cava (IVC) are unusual, they represent a challenge to the surgical team because their accessibility is difficult. Liver transplantation techniques have been developed that preserve the venous collaterals, enhance the exposure, increase the safety of the resection, and avoid cardiopulmonary bypass. We describe our technique for dealing with renal tumors that have invaded the IVC, a combined experience of two centers, and the safety of the procedure and subsequent low morbidity. Between May 1997 and February 2003, a total of 45 patients (mean age 60.7 years) underwent surgical resection of a renal tumor extending into the IVC by techniques developed from liver transplantation, with the intention to avoid sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass. In 42 patients (93.3%) surgical resection of the tumor and thrombus was successful using the transabdominal approach while preserving the venous collaterals; 3 patients with a level IV tumor thrombus required cardiopulmonary bypass. The mean operating time was 342 minutes, and the mean estimated blood loss was 1442 cc. Postoperative ileus in one patient required laparoscopic lysis of the adhesions, and 2 patients (4.4%) died owing to multiple system organ failure and massive pulmonary embolism. The median follow-up was 36 months, during which time 6 patients developed metastatic disease and 37 were disease-free. We concluded that liver transplantation techniques enhance the surgical management of complicated urologic tumors. Patients with tumor thrombus extending to the IVC can be treated while avoiding thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass.     

肝脏恶性肿瘤肝移植术后肿瘤复发的临床研究

目的 总结肝脏恶性肿瘤患者行肝移植术后肿瘤复发的临床特点,探讨术后复查的规范方法和治疗复发肿瘤的措施.方法 回顾性分析215例原位肝移植患者的临床资料,分析其中81例复发患者的肿瘤复发时间、复发部位和治疗效果.结果 81例患者的随访时间为6～108个月.首次发现肿瘤复发的时间为肝移植术后3～20个月,常见的复发部位为肺、腹腔种植或淋巴结转移、移植肝内复发和骨转移.复发肿瘤的治疗以局部治疗为主,包括肺转移瘤切除术6例次、伽马刀治疗74例次;腹盆腔转移癌切除术10例次,腹腔淋巴结伽马刀治疗8例次;肝转移癌切除术6例次、消融治疗5例次、伽马刀治疗15例次、TACE 33例次,二次肝移植3例次;骨转移瘤切除术15例、伽马刀治疗16例次以及病理性骨折内固定术3例;脑转移瘤伽马刀治疗4例次.本组患者治愈3例,带瘤生存6例,已存活21～56个月,中位生存时间为39个月.死亡72例,中位生存时间为15个月.结论 肝移植术后对恶性肿瘤患者要进行有针对性的规范检查、积极治疗复发肿瘤,尽量延长患者的生存时间.     

复杂下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的外科处理

目的 探讨手术治疗复杂重症下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的方法及其效果.方法 2004年12月至2008年7月对8例下腔静脉肿瘤行手术治疗,其中7例患者8次在体外循环或右心房插管灌注下手术切除下腔静脉肿瘤或(和)延及右心房/室内肿瘤;1例下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤局部复发行下腔静脉置换术.术前CT或MRI检查均已除外远处转移.结果 1例患者于术后2个月死于肝衰竭,其他7例术后症状均缓解并顺利出院.7例患者随访5～45个月,平均(15±4)个月.其中3例术后随访14～24个月,效果良好,无复发;3例术后4、5及32个月后原位复发并全身多处转移,其中1例是罕见的下腔静脉多形性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,5个月后复发并右肾上腺转移癌,9个月后再次切除下腔静脉及右心房/室内肿瘤,术后11个月第3次复发死于心衰;另2例复发者未再次手术,其中1例术后7个月行化疗后症状缓解.1例45个月后失访.结论对于复杂腔静脉恶性肿瘤如未发现其他部位转移可采取积极手术治疗,如此可明显改善患者近期生存质量.     

腹腔镜肝切除治疗肝脏肿瘤的临床探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜肝切除治疗肝脏肿瘤的临床疗效及手术方法的可行性和优缺点。方法 2009年1月至2011年8月期间我科为32例肝脏肿瘤患者施行腹腔镜下肝脏切除治疗,对其临床资料进行回顾性总结分析。结果采用腹腔镜下解剖性肝脏切除29例,非解剖性肝脏切除3例,32例患者手术均获得成功,包括原发性肝癌23例,转移性肝癌5例,肝血管瘤3例,肝局灶性结节性增生1例。腹腔镜肝切除包括左外叶切除(Ⅱ+Ⅲ段)17例,左内叶切除(Ⅳ段)2例(左外叶已切除),左半肝切除(Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ段)8例,Ⅴ段切除1例,Ⅵ段切除1例,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ段部分肝切除3例。肝切除手术时间75～285 min,平均215 min;术中出血115～760 ml,平均365 ml。未发生胆汁漏、出血、气体栓塞等并发症。术后1～3 d肛门排气、胃肠功能恢复后进食,5～11 d(平均6 d)恢复出院。随访31例,随访时间6～32个月,平均18个月,除1例术后1年因肿瘤复发转移死亡外,其余均健在,健在肿瘤患者未发现复发、转移。结论腹腔镜肝切除治疗肝脏肿瘤创伤小,痛苦少,康复快,能达到根治要求,安全、可行,临床疗效好。     

Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava mimicking a liver tumor

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare sarcoma, but it is the most common primary malignancy of the IVC. It has an extremely poor prognosis. We describe a 60-year-old white female complaining of abdominal fullness for 7 weeks before she sought medical assistance. Initial work-up including sonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance showed a tumor in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity originating from the liver with compression of the IVC and displacement of the right kidney. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor with clear margins and reconstruction of the IVC using a Dacron tubular graft. Postoperatively, she was placed on Coumadin and adjuvant chemotherapy was started. Subsequently, the patient developed metastasis into the liver and peripancreatic nodes during the follow-up period. Considering the aggressiveness of this tumor, early radical en block resection with clear margins is still the only chance for long-term survival.     

Surgical treatment for colorectal liver metastases involving the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe

BACKGROUND: Hepatic neoplasms in the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe (S1r) are usually difficult to treat surgically because such neoplasms often invade the hepatic veins and/or inferior vena cava (IVC). We reevaluated resected cases of colorectal liver metastases involving S1r to confirm the significance of aggressive surgical treatments. METHODS: Between July 1977 and December 2002, 95 consecutive patients with colorectal liver metastases underwent hepatic resection. Seven patients with liver metastases involving the S1r underwent resection. RESULTS: The surgical procedures for liver metastases comprised 3 isolated caudate lobectomies, 2 right hepatectomies, and 2 right hepatic trisectionectomies with caudate lobectomy. Combined resections included partial resection of the hepatic vein in 2 patients, wedge resection of the IVC in 3, and segmental resection of the IVC in 1. Six of the 7 patients with S1r metastasis had recurrent disease in liver and/or lung. A second hepatectomy was carried out in 4 patients and a partial lung resection in 2 patients. Four of the 7 patients survived more than 5 years, but 2 of them died of recurrent disease at 61 and 95 months after initial hepatectomy. The remaining 2 patients are alive 72 and 118 months without any sign of recurrence. The median survival time of the 7 patients was 60 months. CONCLUSION: Liver metastases involving the S1r could be resected radically with en bloc resection of the major hepatic veins and/or the inferior vena cava. An aggressive surgical approach with combined resection of the adjacent major vessels may offer a better chance of long-term survival in selected patients with caudate lobe metastasis from colorectal cancer.     

Clinical Results on Intra-arterial Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Prevention of Liver Metastasis Following Curative Resection of Pancreatic Cancer

Background We report here the clinical results of intra-arterial adjuvant chemotherapy for the prevention of liver metastasis following curative resection of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Twenty-two patients with pancreatic cancer underwent the radical operation between January 1999 and April 2005. Intra-arterial adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was selectively performed on nine patients; the remaining 13 patients did not receive chemotherapy and comprised the control group. Results Demographics and clinical characteristics were almost identical in the two groups. Liver metastasis occurred in three of nine patients (33%) in the chemotherapy group and in seven of 13 patients (54%) in the control group. The intra-arterial adjuvant chemotherapy had the tendency to suppress the rate of liver metastasis. The median survival period was 15.8 months for the nine patients who underwent the intra-arterial adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery and 13.4 months for the 13 patients of the control group who were curatively resected without the intra-arterial adjuvant chemotherapy. Cumulative survival rate was improved by the intra-arterial adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions In patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent the curative operation, the intra-arterial adjuvant chemotherapy had the tendency to suppress the rate of liver metastasis and improve cumulative survival.     

Combined Liver and Inferior Vena Cava Resection for Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Purpose Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy, usually diagnosed at an advanced stage when it has invaded or adhered to adjacent organs. We report our experience of performing combined liver and inferior vena cava (IVC) resection for ACC. Methods Six patients with clinical stage III (n = 4) or IV (n = 2) ACC underwent combined resection of the liver and IVC. Two patients underwent extended right hepatectomy, and four underwent segmentectomy. In four patients, the IVC was resected segmentally: it was replaced with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) in three of these patients, and not reconstructed in one. In two patients, the IVC was partially resected and closed directly. Results Perioperative mortality was zero, and morbidity was 33.3%, with temporary liver failure in two patients and renal failure in one patient. Recurrence was found within 8.1 months in three (50%) of the six patients. The mean recurrence-free survival period was 20.1 ± 7.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.1–35.4), and the median survival time was 6.1 ± 9.8 months (95% CI: 00–25.3). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 16.7%. Conclusions Patients with ACC involving both the liver and IVC are candidates for partial hepatectomy and segmental IVC resection. Resection affords the possibility of negative margins, acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality, and prolonged survival in some patients.     

单一体位机器人腹腔镜肝后下腔静脉癌栓取出术的初步体会

目的:探讨单一体位机器人辅助腹腔镜肝后下腔静脉癌栓取出术的可行性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2015年12月至2020年8月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的6例行单一体位机器人辅助腹腔镜肝后下腔静脉癌栓取出术患者的临床资料。男5例,女1例;平均年龄58(46~74)岁。平均体质指数24.6 (20.6~28.2) kg/m ...     

复杂下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的外科处理

目的 探讨手术治疗复杂重症下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的方法及其效果.方法 2004年12月至2008年7月对8例下腔静脉肿瘤行手术治疗,其中7例患者8次在体外循环或右心房插管灌注下手术切除下腔静脉肿瘤或(和)延及右心房/室内肿瘤;1例下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤局部复发行下腔静脉置换术.术前CT或MRI检查均已除外远处转移.结果 1例患者于术后2个月死于肝衰竭,其他7例术后症状均缓解并顺利出院.7例患者随访5～45个月,平均(15±4)个月.其中3例术后随访14～24个月,效果良好,无复发;3例术后4、5及32个月后原位复发并全身多处转移,其中1例是罕见的下腔静脉多形性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,5个月后复发并右肾上腺转移癌,9个月后再次切除下腔静脉及右心房/室内肿瘤,术后11个月第3次复发死于心衰;另2例复发者未再次手术,其中1例术后7个月行化疗后症状缓解.1例45个月后失访.结论对于复杂腔静脉恶性肿瘤如未发现其他部位转移可采取积极手术治疗,如此可明显改善患者近期生存质量.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the surgical strategy and effects for treating complex malignant tumors of the inferior vena cava (IVC) or/and the tumors extending into right atrium/ventricle.Methods Between Dec 2004 and Jul 2008, eight patients underwent surgical resections, among those seven patients with tumors of IVC or the tumors extending into right atrium/ventricle were operated on under deep hypothermia with cardiopulmonary bypass( CPB), and one patient with recurrence of leiomyosarcoma of the IVC successfully underwent en bloc resection and caval reconstruction. The prosthetic graft was used for IVC reconstruction in two patients and vascular patch in the other two patients. Preoperative chest roentgenography, computed tomography, ultrasonography, or magnetic resonance imaging was used to exclude the presence of metastatic disease, to assess local resectability of the tumour and the extent of involvement and obstruction of the IVC. Results One patient died of liver failure postoperatively. The postoperative course was uneventful in other 7 patients. On follow-up two patients died 2 and 5 months later due to functional disorder of the liver. Three patients have been followed up for 14 - 24 months and were     

复杂下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的外科处理

目的 探讨手术治疗复杂重症下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的方法及其效果.方法 2004年12月至2008年7月对8例下腔静脉肿瘤行手术治疗,其中7例患者8次在体外循环或右心房插管灌注下手术切除下腔静脉肿瘤或(和)延及右心房/室内肿瘤;1例下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤局部复发行下腔静脉置换术.术前CT或MRI检查均已除外远处转移.结果 1例患者于术后2个月死于肝衰竭,其他7例术后症状均缓解并顺利出院.7例患者随访5～45个月,平均(15±4)个月.其中3例术后随访14～24个月,效果良好,无复发;3例术后4、5及32个月后原位复发并全身多处转移,其中1例是罕见的下腔静脉多形性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,5个月后复发并右肾上腺转移癌,9个月后再次切除下腔静脉及右心房/室内肿瘤,术后11个月第3次复发死于心衰;另2例复发者未再次手术,其中1例术后7个月行化疗后症状缓解.1例45个月后失访.结论对于复杂腔静脉恶性肿瘤如未发现其他部位转移可采取积极手术治疗,如此可明显改善患者近期生存质量.     

腺泡状软组织肉瘤22例临床治疗分析

目的探讨腺泡状软组织肉瘤的临床治疗和预后。方法对１９７３～１９９６年间收治的２２例腺泡状软组织肉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果２２例均接受手术治疗,其中１７例行肿瘤局部切除,５例行扩大切除。７例病理误诊为其他软组织肿瘤（占３２％）。９例术后进行了预防性辅助放疗和（或）化疗。对２１例患者随访４个月至９年。６例患者术后复发（占２８％）,１３例出现肺转移（占６２％）,５例在随访８个月至４年５个月时死亡（占２４％）,６例患者生存５年以上。全组经ＫａｐｌａｎＭｅｉｒｅ生存率计算其３年、４年、５年生存率分别为８３％、７５％及６６％。结论腺泡状软组织肉瘤多需病理学诊断,肿瘤局部切除是复发和转移最重要的因素,术后预防性辅助治疗对局部复发和转移没有明显的控制作用,对出现肺转移的患者采取多程标准化疗方案进行治疗,临床效果尚满意     

Leiomyosarcoma of the infra-renal inferior vena cava

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare slow-growing retroperitoneal tumor. Two percent of leiomyosarcomas are vascular in origin, and tumors of the IVC account for the majority of the cases. The diagnosis is frequently delayed, because affected patients remain asymptomatic for a long period. It has an extremely poor prognosis, with 5-year actuarial malignancy-free survival rates of 30% to 50% after a wide surgical resection. The authors present the case of a patient with IVC leiomyosarcoma who underwent en bloc resection of the tumor along with the involved segment of the infrarenal IVC without caval reconstruction. Complete surgical resection offers the only potential of long-term survival, but survival of unresected patients is generally measured in months. Palliative resections may temporarily improve symptoms but do not offer long-term survival.     

Replacement of the inferior vena cava for malignancy: an update

OBJECTIVES: Resection and replacement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) to remove malignant disease is a formidable procedure. Since our initial report with IVC replacement for malignancy, we have maintained an aggressive approach to these patients. The purpose of this review is to update our experience with regard to patient selection, operative technique, and early and late outcome. METHODS: All patients who had IVC replacement for primary (n = 2) or secondary (n = 27) vena cava tumors from April 1990 to May 1999 were reviewed. Tumor location and type, clinical presentation, the segment of IVC replaced, graft patency, performance status of the patient, and tumor recurrence and survival data were collected. Late follow-up data were available for all but one patient. The IVC was replaced in 28 patients with large diameter (> or =14 mm) externally supported ePTFE grafts and with a panel graft of superficial femoral vein in the other. Three patients had a femoral arteriovenous fistula. Graft patency was determined before hospital dismissal and in follow-up by vena cavography, computed tomography, ultrasonography, or magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: There were 18 women and 11 men, with a mean age of 53.1 years (range, 16-88 years). Over one half of patients had symptoms from their tumor. IVC replacement was at the suprarenal segment in 15 patients, of whom 13 had concomitant major hepatic resection, at the infrarenal segment in 10, at both caval segments in three, and at the renal vein confluence in one. There were two early deaths (6.9%). One patient died intraoperatively of coagulopathy during liver resection and suprarenal IVC replacement. The other death occurred 4 months postoperatively, from multisystem organ failure that resulted in graft infection and occlusion. Twelve patients had one or more major complications- cardiopulmonary problems in five; bleeding in five; chylous ascites or large pleural effusions in two patients each; and lower extremity edema with tibial vein thrombosis in one. The mean follow-up was 2.8 years (range, 2.7 months to 6.3 years). Two late graft occlusions occurred: one at 7.5 months, the other, from tumor recurrence, at 6.3 years. There have been no other late graft-related complications. All 11 late deaths were caused by the progression of malignant disease. Of 16 survivors, 12 have no evidence of disease and four have either regional or distant metastatic recurrence. Initial postoperative performance status was good or excellent for most survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive surgical management may offer the only chance for cure or palliation of symptoms for patients with primary or secondary IVC tumors. Our experience suggests that vena cava replacement may be performed safely with low graft-related morbidity and good patency in carefully selected patients.     

混合入路在腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治术中的应用价值

目的:探讨混合入路在腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治术中的应用价值。方法:采用回顾性描述性研究方法。收集2015年1月至2018年3月河南省人民医院收治的96例左半结肠癌患者的临床病理资料;男52例,女44例;平均年龄为61岁,年龄范围为29~75岁。患者均施行腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治术。观察指标:(1)手术和术后恢复情况。(2)术后病理学检查情况。(3)术后化疗情况。(4)随访情况。采用门诊及电话方式进行随访,了解患者术后生存、肿瘤复发和转移情况。随访时间截至2019年10月。偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示,计数资料以绝对数表示。结果:(1)手术和术后恢复情况:96例患者均采用混合入路施行腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治术。96例患者中,5例行腹腔镜联合多器官切除术(2例联合脾切除术、2例联合胃壁楔形切除术、1例联合脾脏和胰体尾切除术);7例行手助腹腔镜手术(5例因肿瘤侵犯需行多器官切除术、2例因近端肠管梗阻严重无法暴露加行回肠末端造瘘术);84例行腹腔镜辅助手术;无中转开腹。96例患者中,3例行回肠后方吻合,2例行旋转升结肠吻合,91例行原位吻合。96例患者手术时间为140 min(70~250 min),术中出血量为50 mL(30~140 mL);术后首次肛门排气时间为2 d(1~4 d)。96例患者中,术后5例切口感染,5例肺部感染,3例粘连性肠梗阻,1例吻合口瘘,均经保守治疗治愈。96例患者术后住院时间为8 d(5~27 d)。(2)术后病理学检查情况:96例患者清扫淋巴结数目为19枚(13~25枚);手术切除标本长度为35 cm(25~50 cm),切缘均为阴性。96例患者病理学T分期:pT1期5例,pT2期46例,pT3期37例,pT4期8例;病理学N分期:pN0期32例,pN1期47例,pN2期17例。96例患者均为M0期,无远处转移。96例患者病理学类型:黏液腺癌7例,低分化腺癌16例,中分化腺癌46例,高分化腺癌27例。(3)术后化疗情况:96例患者中,68例术后行奥沙利铂+卡培他滨方案规范化疗,28例术后未行化疗。(4)随访情况:96例患者中,86例获得随访,随访时间为19~58个月,中位随访时间为11个月。随访期间,86例患者均生存,其中82例未发现肿瘤复发;3例复查发现肝脏转移,带瘤生存;1例发现肝、肺转移,带瘤生存。结论:混合入路在腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治术中安全、可行。     

扩大根治术治疗进展期胆囊癌

本文旨在探讨扩大根治术治疗27例进展期胆囊癌的价值。方法:本组男9例,女18例,年龄30～85岁,均经病理确诊为胆囊癌,其中18例有黄疸。12例行HPD(肝部分加胰头、十二指肠切除);10例行胆囊加肝部分和/或肝门部胆管切除,9例重建胆肠内引流,1例外引流;5例行胆囊加肝部分切除,其中1例合并横结肠切除。此外,16例同时作肝十二指肠韧带淋巴结清扫(骨骼化)。结果:12例行HPD者,2例死于多器官功能衰竭和应激性溃疡,1例术后7个月失访,3例分别于术后5、15、15月死于癌复发或转移,6例存活者分别生存2、4、5、9、9、31个月,中位生存期11.4月。行其他术式的15例,4例于术后6、9、15、19月死于癌复发或转移,5例存活者分别存活8、9、12、15和34个月,另6例分别于术后1、1、1、5、12、21个月后失访,中位生存期17.7月。16例骨骼化者,13例有阳性淋巴结。结论:包括肝外胆管切除重建和HPD的扩大根治术可提高进展期胆囊癌的清扫彻底程度,可望改善其预后。