脑源性多器官功能障碍综合征大鼠下丘脑内FOS、NOS、P物质的表达及意义

目的 探讨脑出血致脑源性多器官功能障碍综合征大鼠下丘脑神经递质的变化.方法 随机将100只Wistar大鼠分为假手术组、迷走神经切断组、脑出血组、脑出血＋迷走神经切断组和脑出血＋迷走神经刺激组各20只.尾状核立体定向注射胶原酶和肝素钠制作大鼠脑源性多器官功能障碍综合征模型,给予迷走神经干预.各组于脑出血后24 h行血液学及病理学检查,采用免疫组化法检测下丘脑FOS蛋白、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）和P物质表达.结果 FOS、NOS和P物质阳性表达,脑出血＋迷走神经切断组明显多于假手术组和迷走神经切断组,但明显少于脑出血组（P均＜0.01）;脑出血＋迷走神经刺激组明显多于脑出血组（P均＜0.05）.结论 脑源性多器官功能障碍综合征大鼠下丘脑内部分递质表达上调,干预迷走神经可影响神经递质表达及全身炎症反应程度.     

刺激迷走神经对大鼠缺血性脑损伤保护作用的初步研究

目的探讨迷走神经刺激(VNS)对局灶性脑缺血模型大鼠的神经保护作用。方法成年雄性SD大鼠42只,根据体质量,采用计算机法将其随机分成假手术组(10只)、模型组(16只)、VNS治疗组(16只),每组又随机平均分为刺激左、右侧迷走神经亚组。采用线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血(2 h)-再灌注模型。造模后30 min,给予VNS治疗组大鼠颈部迷走神经刺激,刺激强度0.5mA,间期0.5ms,频率20Hz,在1h内每隔5min刺激1次,每次持续30s。不给予模型组大鼠刺激,对假手术组大鼠既不栓塞血管也不刺激神经。操作过程中监测损伤侧脑体感诱发电位(SEP,包括N1波幅和P1潜伏期)的变化;造模前5min开始,造模后150min结束。造模后24h行神经行为学评分,处死大鼠,测定脑梗死体积。结果 (1)在刺激左侧迷走神经的大鼠中,假手术组、模型组及VNS治疗组的神经行为学评分分别为(0.4±0.2)、(9.5±0.4)及(6.4±0.3)分;在刺激右侧迷走神经的大鼠中,3组的神经行为学评分分别为(0.6±0.2)、(9.3±0.4)和(6.9±0.4)分。模型组的评分与其他两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)与模型组相比,VNS治疗组的脑梗死体积减少[刺激左侧迷走神经分别为(120±7)、(56±7)mm3;刺激右侧迷走神经分别为(115±10)、(54±8)mm3],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)与假手术组和VNS组比较,模型组的SEP波形中的N1波幅下降、P1潜伏期延长,差异有统计学意义(P值均0.05);(4)VNS治疗组中刺激左、右侧迷走神经,在脑梗死体积、神经行为学评分、SEP波形中的N1波幅和P1潜伏期上差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论无论是刺激左侧还是右侧迷走神经,对缺血性脑损伤都具有神经保护作用,且在作用效果上无明显差别。     

NTCP在去迷走神经大鼠肝细胞中的表达及临床意义

目的：本实验拟通过建立去迷走神经肝支大鼠模型,观察Na＋/牛磺胆酸盐同向转运多肽（NTCP）在大鼠肝细胞中的表达变化,探讨迷走神经对肝细胞功能及状态的影响.方法：大鼠随机分为两组：A组：迷走神经肝支切断组 B组：假手术组每组20只.通过HE染色法光学显微镜下观察切断迷走神经肝支后的肝脏病理形态学改变,通过逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）法在mRNA水平上检测NTCP表达及Western blotting法检测NTCP蛋白水平,来分析迷走神经对NTCP的改变,从而确定迷走神经对肝细胞功能及状态的影响.实验结果采用SPSS软件包分析.结果：去迷走神经组中,肝脏组织NTCP mRNA随着术后时间其表达明显下降,半定量提示Pst5d时与B组相比即有明显差异（P＜0.05）,至Pst9d时更加明显,仅微弱表达.Western Blotting 结果显示,A组Pst1d～9d,肝组织NTCP蛋白表达水平明显下降,以去迷走神经肝支后第9天最低,蛋白条带隐约可见,并且不是很完整.差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论：去迷走神经状态对肝脏功能变化有一定影响,在去迷走神经肝支状态下,肝细胞功能下降,NTCP表达及蛋白水平减少,影响胆盐因子转运及表达.     

正中神经刺激抑制异丙肾上腺素诱发的室性心律失常

目的 探讨正中神经刺激（MNS）对于异丙肾上腺素诱导的室性心律失常（VAs）的影响。方法 杂种犬20只,随机分至对照组和正中神经刺激组[迷走神经切断组（MNS-a,n=7）;迷走神经不切断组（MNS-b,n=7）]。静脉注射异丙肾上腺素诱发VAs,诱发失败者异丙肾上腺素联合程序刺激再次诱发。每只犬诱发4次心律失常事件,第3次室性心律失常诱发前10分钟接受MNS,持续25分钟。事件结束20分钟后切断MNS-a组双侧迷走神经,再次诱发室性心律失常事件。结果 MNS降低VAs发生率,延迟首次室性心律失常事件出现的时间,延长心室有效不应期。双侧迷走神经切除不影响MNS对于VAs的抑制作用。结论 MNS延长心室有效不应期,抑制VAs发生率,该抑制作用与迷走神经无关。     

头针电刺激对急性脑梗死大鼠CD40、CD40L的影响

目的研究头针电刺激对急性脑梗死大鼠脑组织中CD40、CD40L含量的影响。方法将96只健康的雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为头针电刺激组、假手术组和模型对照组,每组又根据治疗的时间点不同分为4个亚组(1d组、3d组、7d组和14d组),每组8只大鼠。头针电刺激组及模型对照组采用改良的线栓法制作右侧大脑中动脉闭塞局灶性脑缺血大鼠模型,3组大鼠在造模成功后第1天起,头针电刺激组给予大鼠针刺干预,取百会穴及大椎穴,以疏密波进行电刺激治疗;假手术组及模型对照组大鼠在同一时间固定于针刺台,不做处理。于治疗前及治疗后第1天、第3天、第7天和第14天,检测脑组织中CD40、CD40L的表达。3组大鼠造模结束清醒后及治疗前后均进行Bederson评分。结果治疗后第7天、第14天,头针电刺激组较模型对照组Bederson评分明显降低(P0.05);脑组织中CD40、CD40L的表达均明显降低(P0.01)。其中头针电刺激组中治疗后14d脑组织中CD40、CD40L的表达、Bederson评分较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论头针电刺激能显著改善急性脑梗死大鼠神经功能,从而改善肢体运动功能,其作用机制可能是抑制CD40、CD40L的表达,从而下调其介导的炎症及免疫分子生物学因素有关,且以治疗14d效果最优。     

电刺激左右侧迷走神经对感染性休克大鼠血压肝功能的保护作用

目的 研究电刺激左右侧迷走神经对感染性休克大鼠肝脏炎性反应的影响.方法 采用盲肠结扎穿孔法(CLP)复制感染性休克模型.40只SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为5组,每组8只.①假CLP组;②CLP组;③迷切组;④电刺激左侧迷走神经组;⑤电刺激右侧迷走神经组.刺激方法是分别将左、右侧迷走神经远端连接刺激电极,于CLP术毕即刻持续电刺激(5 V、2 ms和1 Hz) 20 min.各组动物均行颈总动脉置管连续监测平均动脉压,用ELISA法检测肝脏匀浆肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及血清乙酰基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的含量.结果 CLP术后平均动脉血压进行性下降,肝脏匀浆TNF-α水平含量显著升高(各P<0.01);与CLP组比较,电刺激左、右侧组动物平均动脉压下降幅度减轻,肝脏匀浆TNF-α含量显著降低(各P<0.01);电刺激左、右侧组无明显差异.结论 电刺激左、右侧组迷走神经能缓解CLP致感染性休克大鼠的进行性血压下降,降低肝脏匀浆TNF-α及血清AST、ALT含量,对肝功能有潜在的保护作用;电刺激左、右侧组迷走神经之间肝脏匀浆TNF-α及血清AST、ALT含量无明显差异.     

瘦素预处理对机械通气肺损伤大鼠NLRC4炎症小体表达的影响

目的:探讨瘦素预处理对机械通气肺损伤(VILI)大鼠NLRC4炎症小体表达的影响。方法:健康雄性SD大鼠36只,体质量200～250 g,6～8周龄,采用随机数字表法分为3组：对照组、VILI模型组和瘦素组,每组12只。对照组麻醉后气管插管并保留自主呼吸;VILI模型组连接小动物呼吸机行机械通气,潮气量40 ml/kg...     

珠子参总皂苷对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠血清MCP-1、MIF和TNF-α的影响

目的探讨珠子参总皂苷对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响。方法40只SD大鼠随机分为模型组、假手术组及珠子参总皂苷高、中和低剂量组5组,各8只。各组按剂量灌胃给药7d,末次给药后,结扎冠状动脉左前降支建立心肌缺血再灌注模型,假手术组只穿线不结扎。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定各组大鼠血清MCP-1、MIF、TNF-α水平。结果珠子参总皂苷能够降低心肌缺血再灌注大鼠血清MCP-1、MIF、TNF-α水平(P<0.05)。结论珠子参总皂苷预处理能够减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤炎症反应,其作用机制可能与其抑制MCP-1、MIF和TNF-α表达有关。     

脑缺血对AD模型大鼠脑组织Aβ1-40表达的影响

目的 探讨脑缺血与阿尔茨海默病（AD）的相关性。方法 将40只大鼠随机分为假手术组、AD模型组（AD组）、脑缺血组（CI组）、AD脑缺血组（AD＋CI组），每组10只。AD组、AD＋CI组行AD造模，其后CI组、AD＋CI组行脑缺氧造模。分别于实验前、AD造模后14、21d（即脑缺血后1周）行学习记忆功能测试，采用免疫组化法检测大鼠脑组织β-淀粉样肽（Aβ1-40）阳性细胞数。结果 AD＋CI组在21d时学习记忆功能较假手术组、CI组、AD组明显下降；脑内Aβ1-40阳性细胞数明显增加。结论 脑缺血可加重AD病情，其可能机制为增加AB的神经毒性作用。     

烟碱对小鼠中枢神经炎症的改善作用及其机制

目的 探讨α7亚基N型乙酰胆碱受体（α7nAchRs）激动剂烟碱对小鼠中枢神经炎症和认知行为的改善作用及其机制。方法 取雌性C57BL/6J小鼠60只,采用随机数字表法分为正常组、模型组、烟碱组、甲基牛扁亭柠檬酸盐（MLA）组,每组各15只。模型组、烟碱组和MLA组腹腔注射多聚肌苷酸—多聚胞苷酸[Poly(I∶C)]12 mg/kg制备中枢神经炎症模型,正常组腹腔注射等量生理盐水。烟碱组于造模前30 min腹腔注射烟碱1 mg/kg;MLA组于造模前1 h腹腔注射α7nAchR拮抗剂MLA 5 mg/kg,造模前30 min腹腔注射烟碱1 mg/kg;模型组和正常对照组在同一时间点注射等量生理盐水。造模后3 h,采用水迷宫实验观察小鼠空间学习记忆能力,记录小鼠穿越原平台次数和逃避潜伏期;采用旷场实验观察小鼠自主运动能力,记录小鼠平均运动速度和运动距离;小鼠处死,取脑组织,采用免疫组化法观察海马及前额叶小胶质细胞激活度,评价中枢神经炎症改变程度;采用qPCR法检测脑组织炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α、INF-β、INF-α、IL-1β mRNA,Western blotting法检测脑组织...     

Colonic carcinogenesis in vagotomyzed rats.

INTRODUCTION: An increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported in patients with peptic ulcer disease treated with truncal vagotomy. Inhibition of gastric acid output and its hormonal consequence, hypergastrinemia, have been considered risk factors for the development of CRC. The aim of the present study was to determine whether truncal vagotomy increases, in the short (7 days) and long term (120 days), the incidence of CRC in a model of carcinogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We used 86 Wistar rats distributed in 7 groups to which DMH (1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride) was administered for the induction of colon tumors, at doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg of weight. The first three groups were used as control groups; the rats of the four other groups underwent a truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty and Heller myotomy prior to the administration of DMH. Finally, we compared the incidence of colonic tumors in vagotomized vs non-vagotomized groups receiving the same dose of DMH. RESULTS: In the non-vagotomized rats that received low doses of DMH (5 mg/kg of weight), mortality was 0% and 0% developed cancer as compared to 40% and 0%, respectively, of rats vagotomized 7 days before the administration of DMH and 20% and 0%, respectively, of rats vagotomized 120 days before the administration of DMH. After the administration of high doses of DMH, mortality was 50% and 80% developed cancer as compared to 100% and 0%, respectively, of rats vagotomized 7 days before the administration of DMH and 61.11% and 42.8%, respectively, of rats vagotomized 120 days before the administration of DMH. CONCLUSION: Truncal vagotomy does not increase the incidence of CRC induced by DMH in the rat.     

奥曲肽对胰腺癌组织SST2R和SST2RmRNA表达的影响

目的：探索SD大鼠胰腺癌组织SST2R及SST2R mRNA的表达以及外源性生长抑素类似物善得定治疗后其表达量的变化。方法：采用二甲基苯丙蒽（DMBA）诱导鼠胰腺癌模型。将实验大鼠随机分为胰腺癌组（A组）、胰腺癌治疗组（B组）、模型制作后未形成胰腺癌的假阳性组（C组），以及正常大鼠组（D组）。在善得定（10μg/kg，每6h1次）治疗前和治疗后的3d、7d、14d，分别取各组胰腺组织标本。分别采用放射免疫法、逆转录聚合酶链法（RT－PCR）分析各组胰腺癌组织SST2R及SST2RmRNA的表达。结果：A、B组SST2R及SST2RmRNA的表达比C、D组显著减少（P＜0．05），尤以善得定治疗后的B组减少更为明显，其与A组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。B组在治疗后3d、7d、14d时相互比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05），但与其治疗前比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论；SD大鼠胰腺癌组织SST2RmRNA和SST2Rr 的表达量明显减少；在善得定治疗后其表达量下降量更为明显（P＜0．05）。我们认为，胰腺癌组织SST2R mRNA表达量明显减少可能是导致SSTR表达量显著减少和外源性生长抑素类似物治疗临床胰腺癌效果不佳的主要原因之一。     

Post-perfusion syndrome and disturbed microcirculation after cardiac surgery: the role of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors

BACKGROUND: The sympathoadrenal and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are involved in blood pressure regulation. They are known to be activated during cardiac surgery. We investigated the influence of preoperative RAS-blockade using angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) on hemodynamic variables and on the perioperative need for exogenous catecholamines. METHODS: 240 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or valve surgery were divided into three matched groups (group A: pre- and postoperative ACEI; group B: ACEI only pre-, not postoperatively; group C: no ACEI). In these three groups we analyzed hemodynamic variables, the need for catecholamines and the incidence of a "post-perfusion syndrome" or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) with impaired microcirculation. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the intra- and postoperative need for catecholamines in groups A and B compared to C (intraop. A: 35%, B: 35%, C: 15%; postop. A: 21.2%, B: 16.2%, C: 10%) (p < 0.05). In the ACEI groups (A and B) there were 9 patients with a postoperative SIRS, only 2 cases in group C. Furthermore 4 patients of group B suffered from disturbances of the intestinal microcirculation postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term ACEI treatment before cardiac surgery raises the perioperative need for catecholamines. Patients with preoperative long-term use of ACEI who do not receive ACEI postoperatively face an increased risk of impaired microcirculation. The inhibition of angiotensin-II (AT II) generation causes the vasodilatatory effects of ACEI, and could be one reason for a post-perfusion syndrome or a SIRS.     

Effect of WeiJia on carbon tetrachloride induced chronic liver injury

AIM:To study the effect of WeiJia on chronic liver injuryusing carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4)induced liver injuryanimal model.METHODS:Wistar rats weighing 180-220g were ran-domly divided into three groups:normal control group(Group A),CCl_4 induced liver injury control group(GroupB)and CCl_4 induction with WeiJia treatment group(GroupC).Each group consisted of 14 rats.Liver damage andfibrosis was induced by subcutaneous injection with 40?l_4 in olive oil at 3 mL/kg body weight twice a week foreight weeks for Groups B and C rats whereas olive oilwas used for Group A rats.Starting from the third week,Group C rats also received daily intraperitoneal injectionof WeiJia at a dose of 1.25 μg/kg body weight.Animalswere sacrificed at the fifth week(4 male,3 female),andeighth week(4 male,3 female)respectively.Degree offibrosis were measured and serological markers for liverfibrosis and function including hyaluronic acid(HA),typeIV collagen(CIV),γ-glutamyl transferase(γ-GT),alanineaminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were determined.Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)immunohistochemistry were also performed.RESULTS:CCl_4 induction led to the damage of liver anddevelopment of fibrosis in Group B and Group C ratswhen compared to Group A rats.The treatment of WeiJiain Group C rats could reduce the fibrosis condition sig-nificantly compared to Group B rats.The effect could beobserved after three weeks of treatment and was moreobvious after eight weeks of treatment.Serum HA,CIV,ALT,AST and γ-GT levels after eight weeks of treatmentfor Group C rats were 58±22 μg/L(P<0.01),57±21 μg/L(P<0.01),47±10 U/L(P<0.01),139±13 U/L(P<0.05)and 52±21 U/L(P>0.05)respectively,similar to normalcontrol group(Group A),but significantly different fromCCl_4 induced liver injury control group(Group B).An in-crease in PCNA and decrease in α-SMA expression levelwas also observed.CONCLUSION:WeiJia could improve liver function andreduce liver fibrosis which might be through the inhibi-tion of stellate cell activity.     

Postoperative metabolic and circulatory responses in patients that express SIRS after major digestive surgery

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) includes a number of pathologic states because of its loose definition. This study assessed differences in metabolic and circulatory host responses in various patients with SIRS perioperatively. METHODOLOGY: Fifty-four patients who underwent abdominal surgeries [gastric resection (n=20), colorectal resection (n=24), hepatic resection (n=8)] were divided into two groups: Group A; SIRS (+) on 1 postoperative day (POD), (n=29), B; SIRS (-) on 1 POD, (n=25). The other eight non-operated patients with SIRS caused by infection were enrolled in Group C, as common SIRS. Indirect calorimetry, body impedance measurement to assess water compartments and pulse dye-densitometry for hemodynamic examination were performed in subjects until 14 POD. RESULTS: The ratio of energy expenditure to basal energy expenditure (%REE) was significantly increased postoperatively, and there were significant differences on %REE from 3 POD to 14 POD between groups A and B. However, %REE in group C was 162+/-23%, which was significantly increased compared with that at 1 POD of groups A (130 +/- 17%) and B (125+/-18%). Cardiac output in group A showed a significant increase until 3 POD compared with that in group B but was significantly lower than that in group C. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with common SIRS caused by infection were significantly more hypermetabolic than subjects with postoperative SIRS. Adequate energy intake and circulatory management should be cautiously determined according to the severity of SIRS.     

Prospective study of a high-intensity interferon-alpha regimen for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate efficacy of high-intensity interferon administration for patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b, we administered interferon-alpha with different regimens according to viral load. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-eight patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b were treated with recombinant interferon alpha-2b. The 70 patients with pretreatment hepatitis C virus RNA concentration > or = 10(6) copies/mL were given 10(7) units of interferon daily for the first 8 weeks and then three times weekly for 16 weeks (group A). The 18 patients with smaller pretreatment hepatitis C virus RNA concentration received the same dose daily for the first 2 weeks and then three times weekly for 14 weeks (group B). We analyzed tolerance of therapy, responses, and long-term outcome in the two groups. RESULTS: Fifteen of 70 patients (21.4%) in group A could not continue treatment and dropped out, while all patients in group B completed the entire course of therapy. The rate of sustained response in group A was 10.0%, being significantly less than in group B (72.2%; p < 0.0001). However, 12 patients in group A showed a biochemical sustained response despite presence of viremia. Long-term outcome did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Many patients could not tolerate high-intensity therapy, which showed the limitation of tolerance of patients receiving interferon monotherapy. High-intensity therapy could not improve eradication of hepatitis C virus in patients with high pretreatment hepatitis C virus RNA concentration. However, this therapy may increase the rate of sustained biochemical response, improving long-term outcome.     

异丙酚、吗啡或普通镇静剂对重症监护病房患者全身炎症反应综合征影响的比较

目的 :比较异丙酚、吗啡或普通镇静药对于外科重症监护病房 (SICU)患者全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)、机械通气时间及住外科ICU时间的影响。方法 :采用前瞻性的研究方法。随机将 113例住SICU的常规非感染术后患者及急性创伤患者分为三组 ,A组使用异丙酚加芬太尼持续静脉泵入 ;B组使用吗啡持续静脉泵入 ;C组使用杜冷丁加安定间断肌肉注射。每 4h对患者进行Ram say镇静等级评分 ,每2 4h评价患者满足SIRS的项目。结果 :A组、B组分别与C组发生SIRS的情况有明显统计学差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,A组与B组发生SIRS的情况无明显统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,A组较B组和C组能够明显缩短机械通气时间 (P <0 .0 1) ,减少住SICU时间 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :使用异丙酚加芬太尼或使用吗啡进行有效的ICU长程镇静和镇痛 ,可以明显减低机体对打击的应激反应 ,减少SIRS发生率。但使用异丙酚可以较吗啡和普通镇静、镇痛治疗明显缩短患者上机时间 ,减少患者住SICU的时间 ,从而有望减少呼吸机相关肺炎及院内感染的发生。     

凉血愈肠汤对急性放射性肠炎的治疗及作用机制

目的:初步探讨凉血愈肠汤对常规剂量及高剂量放射所致大鼠放射性肠炎模型的治疗作用及其机制.方法:随机将114只♂SD大鼠分为3组,A组即正常对照组(n=18)、B组即常规剂量照射组(n=48)、C组即高剂量照射组(n=48),B组、C组以高能X线直线加速器分别给予10Gy、15Gy大鼠全腹腔照射.造模成功后,B、C实验组再随机分为2组,B1、C1组为照射后不给药组,给予蒸馏水灌胃,B2、C2组为照射后给药组,予喂凉血愈肠汤,从照射后第1天开始,各组连续灌胃7d.每日观察大鼠一般状况和排便情况.各组分别于照射后第2、4、7天取空肠、直肠上段组织及肠系膜淋巴结,光镜下观察肠壁各层形态学变化并计算单位面积空肠肠腺存活率,并采用Hovdenak评分系统对直肠量化评分以及测定肠系膜淋巴结细菌移位率.结果:照射后给药组一般状况及排便情况较不给药组好,5-7d对比明显;照射后给药组空肠、直肠黏膜基本完整,炎症较轻,而照射后不给药组出现黏膜坏死、脱落,腺体萎缩,炎症反应重等情况;给药组在第4、7天均可以不同程度地提高肠腺存活率(Fd=28.42,Ff=32.58,P<0.01);直肠Hovdenak评分中,C组分值高于B组高于A组,给药组在第4天分值低于不给药组(F=5.26,P<0.05;F=14.12,P<0.01);照射后各组均出现细菌移位,而给药组在第4天细菌移位率显著低于不给药组(F=6.48,P<0.05;F=12.24,P<0.01).结论:凉血愈肠汤对急性放射性肠炎疗效确切,其疗效与核幅射剂量及用药时间有相关性,其机制可能与加速急性放射性肠炎受损肠黏膜的修复,减少细菌移位以及维持肠道黏膜结构和功能的稳定性有关.     

Transarterial administration of integrin inhibitor loaded nanoparticles combined with transarterial chemoembolization for treating hepatocellular carcinoma in a rat model

AIM: To compare the effect of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) plus GRGDSP(Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-SerPro, integrin-inhibitor) loaded nanoparticles with TACE alone or TACE + GRGDSP in a rat model of liver tumor. METHODS: Morris hepatoma 3924 A tumors were implanted in the livers of 30 ACI rats. The ACI rats were divided randomly into three groups(10 animals each). Tumor volume before treatment(V1) was examined by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), and then, after laparotomy and placement of a PE-10 catheter into the hepatic artery, the following interventional protocols were performed: TACE(mitomycin C + lipiodol + degradable starch microspheres) + GRGDSP loaded nanoparticles for group A; TACE + GRGDSP for group B(control group 1); TACE alone for group C(control group 2). Tumor volume(V2) was assessed by MRI and the mean ratio of the post-treatment to pretreatment tumor volumes(V2/V1) was calculated. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess the quantification of matrix metalloprotein 9(MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) positive tumor cells in each treatment group.RESULTS: The mean tumor growth ratios(V2/V1) were 1.3649 ± 0.1194 in group A, 2.0770 ± 0.1595 in group B, and 3.2148 ± 0.1075 in group C. Compared with groups B and C, group A showed a significant reduction in tumor volume. Lower expression of MMP-9 and VEGF in hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in group A than in groups B and C. The angiogenesis of tumor was evaluated using anti-VEGF antibodies, and the metastasis of tumor was assessed using antiMMP-9 antibody. MMP-9 and VEGF were expressed in all specimens. The immunoexpression of these proteins was confirmed by the presence of red cytoplasmic staining in tumor cells. Lower expression of MMP-9 and VEGF in hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in group A than in groups B and C.CONCLUSION: Transarterial administration of integrin inhibitor loaded nanoparticles combined with TACE evidently retards tumor growth and intrahepatic metastases compared with TACE alone or TACE plus integrin inhibitor in an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma.