湖南省岳阳市癫痫流行病学调查

目的了解湖南岳阳癫痫患病率及治疗缺口,为开展防治工作提供依据。方法采用多级整群随机抽样方法确定调查人群,运用WHO建议的癫痫流行病学专项调查问卷,采用国际统一的癫痫诊断标准,由经过统一培训的调查员入户调查,调查确诊或可疑为癫痫者均经神经科医师再次访查确诊。结果共调查32059人,确诊癫痫患者143例,癫痫患病率为4.5‰。男性患病率高于女性(P<0.05)。年龄组患病率分布存在20岁年龄组(8.4‰)和60岁年龄组(5.4‰)两个高峰。农村患病率明显高于城市(P<0.05)。继发全面性强直-阵挛发作占大多数(63.4%)。活动性癫痫的治疗缺口93.4%。结论湖南岳阳癫痫患病率农村地区较高、城市较低,患者中约有90%以上没有得到正确的治疗,应尽快制定合理的干预对策。     

中国云南基诺族癫痫流行病学调查

目的 调查云南独有少数民族--基诺族的癫痫流行病学,癫痫发病的可能病因、危险因素.方法 以WHO在中国用过的问卷和ICBERG筛查问卷为基础,运用近期国际统一的癫痫诊断标准,采用多阶段分层整群抽样,入户面见调查.结果 基诺族癫痫发病率为22.39/10万,终身患病率为3.58‰,活动性癫痫患病率为2.69%.;患病人群中62.50%为全面性强直一阵挛发作,6.25%为复杂部分性发作,12.50%为复杂部分性发展为全面性一强直阵挛发作,1 8.75%为混合型发作,0.224‰可自然缓解;治疗缺口为75%.结论 基诺族癫痫发病率、活动性癫痫患病率较国内其他地Ⅸ低,终身患病率与国内报道一致,但较国内其他农村地区低,治疗缺口高于国内其他农村地区.     

上海农村地区癫痫流行病学抽样调查

目的了解上海农村地区癫癎患病率和治疗缺口,为开展癫癎治疗和管理工作提供依据.方法以二阶段整群抽样法抽取金山区吕巷镇的5个村作为调查点,实际调查10 777人.癫癎病例经初筛及神经科医生复查后确诊.结果确诊癫癎为65例,终生患病率6.03‰(95%CI5.58‰～6.48‰).活动性癫癎为41例,患病率为3.80‰(95%CI2.64‰～4.96‰).活动性癫癎的治疗缺口为70.73%(95%CI56.80%～84.66%).癫癎患者平均年龄为(44.66±18.73)岁,首次发病的平均年龄为(26.28±18.71)岁,首发年龄在30岁之前的患者占61.54%.癫癎的发作类型以全身强直-阵挛性发作为主,占58.46%.结论农村地区癫癎患病率高于以往的调查结果,应重视对农村儿童和青年期癫癎的治疗和管理.     

吉林省部分农村地区癫痫流行病学调查

目的通过对吉林省部分农村地区癫痫流行病学调查,掌握吉林省农村地区癫痫的发病率,患病率、死亡率以及治疗缺口情况。方法 (1)选择吉林省3个县为目标县,由吉林大学第一医院神经内科癫痫课题组对当地县级神经内科医生及乡镇医院内科医生进行培训;(2)由当地乡镇医院医生对管区内癫痫患者进行筛查,并由县级医院神经内科医生复查;(3)统计学处理。结果 (1)发病率与患病率:吉林省活动性癫痫患病率大约为3.94‰,总发病率约为每年每10万人口22.55人;(2)患者性别构成:男女比例大约为1.13∶1;(3)年龄构成:患者的年龄多集中在10~60岁之间,以20~50岁患者居多,发病年龄高峰在0~10岁之间;(4)发作类型:全面强直阵挛发作为主要的发作类型;(5)死亡率:死亡率约为0.89%;(6)治疗缺口62.7%。结论吉林省农村地区活动性癫痫发病率及患病率低于以往国内调查的结果,治疗缺口大,提示在农村地区加强癫痫宣教具有重要意义。     

河南焦作市武陟县农村人群癫痫流行病学调查

目的 :调查了解我国农村地区癫痫的患病率及治疗缺口 ,为开展防治工作提供依据。方法 :河南省焦作市武陟县作为调查点 ,采用随机整群抽样方法确定调查人群 ,由经过统一培训的医生入户调查。调查人数为 12 45 7人。凡初筛调查时确诊或可疑的癫痫患者 ,均经神经科医生再次访查确诊。结果 :调查确诊 5 9例癫痫患者 ,患病率为 4 7‰。活动性癫痫患病率为 3 5‰ ,年发病率32 1/ 10万人口。全部患者中有 2 5 4%未治疗 ,47 5 %患者治疗不正规。活动性癫痫的治疗缺口为 32 5 %。结论 :本次调查农村地区癫痫患病率与以往报道接近 ,约有 2 / 3患者没有得到正确治疗 ,应尽快制订合理的干预对策     

山东省癫流行病学调查研究

目的了解中国山东省的癫病流行现况及其危险因素。方法以调查问卷为基础,运用国际统一癫诊断标准,采用多级分层随机整群抽样方法,逐户进行调查。结果调查人数251 492名,癫患者335例,癫患病率为1.33‰;男性患病率为1.35‰,女性患病率为1.31‰;城市患病率为1.20‰,农村患病率为1.39‰,均差异无统计学意义。癫发病率为18.69/10万。发作类型以全面性发作为主为60.90%;部分性发作为34.33%;发作不能分类为4.78%。首次发病平均年龄为(15.37±15.77)岁。特发性癫为60.90%,症状性癫为39.10%。大部分患者未进行正规治疗,治疗缺口为54.33%。结论山东省癫患病率、发病率处于全国较低水平,治疗缺口与国内文献报道一致。癫发作类型以全面性发作为主;癫发病以特发性癫为主,症状性癫病因中以脑炎为主。     

河南焦作市武陟县农村人群癫痫流行病学调查

目的：调查了解我国农村地区癫痫的患病率及治疗缺口，为开展防治工作提供依据。方法：河南省焦作市武陟县作为调查点，采用随机整群抽样方法确定调查人群，由经过统一培训的医生入户调查。调查人数为12457人。凡初筛调查时确诊或可疑的癫痫患者，均经神经科医生再次访查确诊。结果：调查确诊59例癫痫患者，患病率为4．7‰。活动性癫痫患病率为3．5‰，年发病率32．1／10万人口。全部患者中有25．4％未治疗，47．5％患者治疗不正规。活动性癫痫的治疗缺口为32．5％。结论：本次调查农村地区癫痫患病率与以往报道接近，约有2／3患者没有得到正确治疗，应尽快制订合理的干预对策。     

中国癫痫流行病学调查研究进展

中国癫痫流行病学调查主要分布于华东和西南地区,调查显示我国癫痫患病率为5‰,首次发病年龄多在儿童、青少年时期,发作类型主要为全身强直阵挛性发作,性别分布主要以男性为主,农村地区癫痫患病率较城市高.我国各地区癫痫患病率差异较大,并且各地区治疗缺口多在60％以上.     

山东省癫癎流行病学调查研究

目的 了解中国山东省的癫癎）病流行现况及其危险因素.方法 以调查问卷为基础,运用国际统一癫癎诊断标准,采用多级分层随机整群抽样方法,逐户进行调查.结果 调查人数251 492名,癫癎患者335例,癫（痫）患病率为1.33‰;男性患病率为1.35‰o,女性患病率为1.31‰;城市患病率为1.20‰,农村患病率为1.39‰,均差异无统计学意义.癫癎发病率为18.69/10万.发作类型以全面性发作为主为60.90％;部分性发作为34.33％;发作不能分类为4.78％.首次发病平均年龄为（15.37±15.77）岁.特发性癫癎为60.90％,症状性癫（痫）为39.10％.大部分患者未进行正规治疗,治疗缺口为54.33％.结论 山东省癫癎患病率、发病率处于全国较低水平,治疗缺口与国内文献报道一致.癫癎发作类型以全面性发作为主;癫癎发病以特发性癫（痫）为主,症状性癫癎病因中以脑炎为主.     

扬州市头桥农村地区的癫癎流行病学调查

目的了解扬州市头桥农村地区的癫癎流行病学特征及状况.方法采用随机整群抽样方法,对扬州市头桥农村地区8个自然村人群进行入户见面表格癫癎普查.结果实际被调查的11 118人中,共查出各类型癫癎患者87例,患病率为7.83‰,年发病率为53.4/10万.76例(85.05%)未发现明确病因,仅3例(3.45%)有家族史.首次发病年龄<20岁者33例(37.93%);≥20岁者54例(62.07%);平均病程17.51年;发作类型以全面强直阵挛性发作为主(78.16%),年发作次数在10～29次;87例患者中从未进行抗癫癎治疗50例(57.47%).结论该地区癫癎患病率、发病率均高于国内其他农村地区;发作类型仍以全面强直阵挛性发作为主.癫癎治疗管理水平较低.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。