IL-17 and infections

IL-17 immunity has been shown to be essential for mucocutaneous protection against Candida albicans in mice and humans. However, mice with defective IL-17 immunity display broader susceptibility, as they are also prone to infections with diverse infectious agents at various sites. Humans with genetic defects affecting their IL-17 immunity usually suffer from chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC): recurrent or persistent infections of the skin, nails, and mucosae with C. albicans, with or without other clinical signs. Most patients with autosomal dominant (AD) hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) due to STAT3 deficiency or AD STAT1 gain-of-function display impaired IL-17-producing T-cell development, and CMC is one of their principal clinical manifestations. Similarly, patients with autosomal recessive (AR) autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) caused by AIRE deficiency have high levels of neutralizing autoantibodies against IL-17A, IL-17F and/or IL-22 and present CMC as their only infectious disease. Finally, CMC is the main clinical phenotype observed in patients with inborn errors specifically affecting IL-17 immunity. Indeed, patients with AD IL-17F deficiency or AR IL-17RA or ACT1 deficiency display CMC and, to a lesser extent, superficial staphylococcal diseases. Candida infection was recently reported in psoriasis patients treated with anti-IL-17A antibodies. Careful monitoring for CMC is thus important during anti-IL-17 treatment.     

复发性念珠菌颈部淋巴结炎1例易感基因筛查及免疫学研究

【摘要】 目的 探究1例复发性念珠菌性颈部淋巴结炎患者的遗传学病因及抗真菌免疫功能。方法 采用二代测序技术筛查患者及父母真菌病易感基因,提取患者及6例健康对照者外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）以及中性粒细胞,与白念珠菌进行体外共培养,采用Western印迹检测患者PBMC中胱天蛋白募集域蛋白9（CARD9）表达水平,酶联免疫吸附试验检测肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-17A、IL-1β和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）的分泌水平,菌落计数法检测中性粒细胞处理后白念珠菌存活率。两组间均数比较采用t检验。结果 患者CARD9基因存在2号外显子c.68C>A（p.S23X）和6号外显子c.820dupG（p.D274Gfs*61）复合杂合突变,两突变分别来自其父母。Western印迹显示,健康对照组PBMC中CARD9蛋白相对表达水平为0.41 ± 0.07,而患者表达缺如。热灭活白念珠菌孢子刺激后,患者PBMC的TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17A、IL-1β和GM-CSF分泌水平均低于健康对照组（P < 0.001）。体外培养30、120 min时,与患者中性粒细胞共培养的白念珠菌存活率（78.00%、74.00%）均高于健康对照（70.91% ± 1.75%、34.55% ± 5.35%）,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为3.743、6.988,P <0.05）。结论 1例复发性念珠菌颈部淋巴结炎患者CARD9基因存在复合杂合突变,导致CARD9蛋白表达缺如,该患者存在抗白念珠菌免疫功能缺陷。     

Th17细胞与HIV感染的关系

来源于初始T细胞的Th17细胞是新发现的一类不同于Th1、Th2的CD4+T细胞,其分泌IL-17、IL-6、IL-22和肿瘤坏死因子等细胞因子,在介导慢性炎症反应、自身免疫性疾病等方面发挥着重要作用.研究表明,IL-17在HIV感染中发挥着抗感染作用,同时在抗HIV细胞因子调控网络中,IL-17也起着重要作用.在HIV感染早期,Th17细胞在外周血液及胃肠道中大量减少甚至衰竭,但是Th17能否发挥抗病毒功能还需要更深入探究.研究已证明,病毒首先攻击的靶点细胞是CCR5+CCR6+Th17.Th17作为HIV新的靶向细胞,有望为艾滋病提供新的治疗策略.

Abstract：

Th17 cells that derive from initial T cells are a newly discovered class of CD4+ T cells different from Th1 and Th2 cells. They secrete interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, IL-22, tumor necrosis factor and other cytokines, and play an important role in mediating chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, etc. Recent studies have evidenced that IL-17 posseses a potent anti-HIV activity and exerts a crucial role in anti-HIV cytokine regulatory networks. In early HIV infection, there is a significant reduction or depletion of Th17 cells in peripheral blood and gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, further exploration is required to clarify the antiviral function of Th17 cells. Studies have evidenced that the first target of HIV virus attacks is CCR5+CCR6+Th17 cells. As a new target of HIV, Th17 cells are expected to provide new therapeutic strategy for AIDS treatment.     

Increased frequencies of IL-31-producing T cells are found in chronic atopic dermatitis skin

Interleukin (IL)-31 has been associated with pruritus, a characteristic feature of atopic dermatitis (AD). Local T cell responses may be responsible for the increased level of IL-31 mRNA observed in AD. We investigated the frequency of IL-31-producing T cells in AD lesions, as well as their cytokine profile. T cells were isolated from chronic AD lesions, autologous blood and healthy donor skin. Intracellular expression of IL-31, IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-17 and IL-22 was measured using flow cytometry. T cells from AD lesions contained significantly higher percentages of IL-31-producing T cells compared to autologous blood and donor skin. Many IL-31-producing T cells co-produced IL-13 and to lesser extent IL-22, but rarely IFN-γ or IL-17. A substantial part of the IL-31-producing T cells did not co-produce any of the other cytokines and could therefore not be linked to any of the known functionally different T cell subsets. The T cell infiltrates were also relatively enriched for Th2/Tc2 and Th22/Tc22 cells, while frequencies of Th1/Tc1 and Th17 cells were decreased. This is the first report describing the detection of IL-31 at protein level in skin-infiltrating T cells. We show here that T cells in chronic AD skin produce IL-31 and that AD lesions contain increased levels of these IL-31-producing T cells. This suggests that a substantial part of previously reported increased IL-31 mRNA levels in AD skin is T cell derived and that these cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.     

Altered,but not diminished specific T cell response in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis patients

Patients suffering from chronic mucocutaneous infections with the yeast Candida albicans (CMC) are discussed to have an underlying primary cellular immunodeficiency. In order to characterise cellular immunity in CMC patients, we analysed chemotaxis and myeloperoxidase (MPO) releases of neutrophils and T cell proliferation and cytokine production to Candida albicans. Patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (n = 4) and healthy volunteers of same sex and similar age (n = 14) were enrolled into the study. Neutrophil chemotaxis was assessed by transwell migration assay, and MPO release by ELISA. T cell proliferation capacity was investigated by thymidine incorporation and cytokine secretion in supernatants by ELISA. Neither neutrophil migration nor MPO release differed between CMC patients and healthy controls. The relative lymphocyte stimulation index (SI Candida/SI PHA) was heterogenous, but overall it was higher in CMC patients compared to controls. However, Candida-specific IFN-γ production was significantly reduced in CMC patients. Notably, Candida-specific T cell IL-10 production was markedly higher in CMC patients. The inability to clear the yeast Candida albicans in our CMC patients does not seem to be due to an impaired neutrophil function or reduced antigen specific proliferation of lymphocytes. In fact, our patients tended to proliferate stronger to Candida antigen relative to PHA than healthy controls. However, the impaired Th1 cytokine production with an enhanced IL-10 production could play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic mucocutaneous Candida infections.     

CCL20、CCR6及IL-17A在寻常型银屑病患者血清中的表达及意义

目的观察趋化因子CCL20及其受体CCR6、白细胞介素(IL)-17A在银屑病患者血清中的变化,并探讨其在银屑病发病中的作用。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定26例斑块型、7例点滴型银屑病患者及8名健康人血清中CCL20、CCR6及IL-17A的浓度,并对银屑病皮损面积和严重程度指数(PASI)评分、病程进行相关性分析。结果斑块型银屑病患者血清CCL20、CCR6及IL-17A浓度(748.74±268.72,10.20±3.75,39.22±13.21)均显著高于健康对照组(578.45±204.93,6.79±4.61,25.54±13.04)(P分别0.05,0.01,0.01)。点滴型银屑病与对照组差异无统计学意义。CCL20、CCR6与PASI评分呈正相关(r=0.416,r=0.350)(P0.05)。CCL20、CCR6及IL-17A三者之间均存在显著正相关(r=0.852,r=0.801,r=0.825)(P0.001),与病程无明显相关性。结论 CCL20、CCR6及IL-17A参与斑块型银屑病的病理过程。     

Decreased IL-10 production by psoriatic peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with streptococcal superantigen

The strong association of acute guttate psoriasis and streptococcal throat infection has suggested a role for streptococcal antigens in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We have reported that psoriatic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed significantly lower responses to cytoplasmic membrane-associated protein (CAP) isolated from group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, a kind of streptococcal superantigen. The objectives were to evaluate the abnormal cytokine production by psoriatic PBMCs to streptococcal superantigen, CAP. We compared the production of four different cytokines, i.e. IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-gamma, by PBMCs between psoriatic patients and healthy controls after stimulation with CAP or two different staphylococcal superantigens, staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) or E (SEE). When PBMCs were stimulated with CAP, the production of IL-10 was significantly lower by psoriatic PBMCs than by those from healthy controls, whereas those of IL-4, IL-5, or IFN-gamma were not different between the two groups. Such a significant decrease in IL-10 production by psoriatic PBMCs was not observed when they were stimulated with staphylococcal superantigens. Flow cytometric analysis of intracytoplasmic IL-10 demonstrated defective IL-10 production by psoriatic PBMCs in both CD3+ T cells and CD14+ monocytes. There was a significant positive correlation between IFN-gamma production by PBMCs and the proliferation of Vbeta8+ T cells preferentially stimulated by CAP. These data demonstrating the defective IL-10 production by psoriatic PBMCs stimulated with streptococcal superantigen seem to explain why only psoriatic patients evolve sustained and Th-1 deviated skin lesions after streptococcal upper respiratory infection.     

IL-17 and IL-17R: an auspicious therapeutic target for psoriatic disease

The continuous discovery of new T cell subpopulations in human autoimmune diseases is making the immunopathological network more complex. Th17 cells are one such newly identified subset of T cells, characterized by the production of signature cytokine IL-17. In last few years, several studies have strongly established the regulatory role of Th17 cells and its signature cytokine IL-17 in autoimmune diseases including psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. Psoriasis and PsA are immune mediated hyperproliferative diseases, affecting skin and joint respectively. Before the discovery of Th17 cells, psoriasis and psoriatic diseases were thought to be chiefly Th1 mediated diseases; later on IL-17 knockout animal studies as well as human experimental data indicate the crucial role of Th17 cells and its signature cytokine IL-17 in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In vitro human studies have shown the abundance of Th17 cells in the psoriatic plaques. Subsequently our research group has extended this observation in psoriatic arthritis and found the abundance of CD4+IL-17+ T cells in the synovial fluid and majority of these T cells are of memory phenotype (CD4RO+CD45RA-CD11a+). In addition, we showed the significant presence of functional IL-17 receptor in synovial fibroblast of psoriatic arthritis patients. Considering the strong association of IL-17 and psoriatic disease, IL-17 targeted therapy have shown promises in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review article, we have discussed the pathogenic role of IL-17 in psoriatic disease and summarized the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of different anti IL-17 therapy as an anti-psoriatic agent.     

系统性白念珠菌感染小鼠IL-12和IL-23的表达

目的了解系统性白念珠菌感染小鼠IL-12和IL-23的表达特征,探讨IL-23在抗白念珠菌系统感染中的作用,并重新认识和评价IL-12的作用。方法通过尾静脉接种白念珠菌建立小鼠白念珠菌系统感染模型,观察小鼠肾脏的病理变化,RT-PCR法检测小鼠肾脏IL-23及IL-12mRNA的相对表达水平,平皿稀释法检测肾脏内菌落形成单位(CFU)。结果IL-12mRNA表达水平在初次感染后第1、3天明显升高(P<0.05),感染后第7天基本正常。IL-23mRNA水平在初次感染后的第1天无明显改变(P>0.05),感染后第3、7天明显升高(P<0.05),而再次感染中其mRNA始终呈现高表达(P<0.05)。结论IL-12和IL-23均参与I型免疫反应,有效抵御白念珠菌系统感染,IL-12可能在炎症反应的早期发挥重要作用,而IL-23可能在炎症反应的后期发挥重要作用。     

Tobacco smoke is related to Th17 generation with clinical implications for psoriasis patients

Environmental factors contribute to the increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases via T helper type-17 cell (Th17) activation. Tobacco smoking increases the risk of psoriasis, but the mechanisms are not clear. We evaluated the percentage of circulating Th17 among CD3(+) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from 27 healthy volunteers (2.58±0.80%), 33 smoker (3.55±1.33%) and 21 non-smoker (3.10±1.14%) patients with psoriasis to elucidate the relation between smoking and psoriasis. More smokers (19/33) than non-smokers (6/21) had high Th17 levels (Th17/CD3>3.38%, mean+1 SD of healthy volunteers). Tobacco smoke extract (TSE, 7μl/ml) induced Th17 generation from central memory T cells in vitro. TSE increased interleukin 17 and 22 expression. These findings demonstrate the relation between tobacco smoke and IL-17 and IL-22, which exacerbate psoriasis.     

Th17细胞相关因子与寻常性进行期银屑病的相关性研究

目的探讨Th17细胞相关因子白细胞介素(IL)-17A、IL-17F、IL-21、IL-22与寻常性进行期银屑病发病的相关性。方法通过实时定量反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)分别检测30例患者和20名正常人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)、12例患者皮损、12名正常皮肤组织中上述4种细胞因子的mRNA表达水平。结果患者组PBMC中IL-17A、IL-17F、IL-21和IL-22的mRNA表达水平较正常组显著升高(P均0.05),患者组皮损中4种细胞因子的mRNA表达明显高于正常组(P均0.05)。结论 Th17细胞因子IL-17A、IL-17F、IL-21和IL-22的mRNA水平在患者组PBMC及皮肤组织中明显升高,提示Th17细胞因子可能与寻常性银屑病的发病有一定相关性。     

他克莫司及金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B对特应性皮炎外周血Th17细胞的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨Th17细胞在急性期特应性皮炎（AD）患儿外周血单一核细胞（PBMC）中的表达,他克莫司和金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B（SEB）对AD患儿外周血Th17细胞的影响。 方法 分离急性期中、重度AD患儿及健康对照儿童PBMC,分别加入佛波酯和离子霉素、他克莫司、金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B培养,流式细胞仪检测Th17、Th1、Th2细胞比例,ELISA检测培养上清中IL-17、IFN-γ、IL-4表达,RT-PCR法检测Th17特异性核转录因子RORγt mRNA表达。 结果 佛波酯和离子霉素处理后,AD患儿外周血Th17、Th2细胞比例及相关细胞因子IL-17、IL-4水平明显高于健康对照组（P < 0.01）。Th1细胞比例及IFN-γ水平低于健康对照组（P < 0.01）,ROR γt mRNA高于健康对照组（P < 0.01）。他克莫司处理后,AD组和对照组IL-17、IFN-γ、IL-4及ROR γt mRNA水平均显著降低（P < 0.01）。SEB处理后,AD组 Th17细胞比例,IL-17和 RORγt mRNA水平显著高于对照组（P < 0.01）,Th1细胞比例及IFN-γ水平低于对照组（P < 0.01）,Th2细胞比例及IL-4水平高于对照组（P < 0.01）。 结论 他克莫司对AD患儿和健康对照PBMC分泌IL-17、IFN-γ、IL-4均有明显的抑制作用。SEB增强AD患儿外周血Th17细胞表达。     

IL-15 and IL-23 synergize to trigger Th17 response by CLA+ T cells in psoriasis

IL-15 has emerged as a potentially relevant target in the IL-17 response in psoriasis. However, its mechanism is poorly characterized in humans. IL-15 and IL-23 are constitutively expressed in the psoriatic lesion. Also, IL-15 is considered a susceptibility-associated gene in psoriasis, as are IL-23R, and HLACW6. Here, we studied the effect of IL-15 and IL-23 stimulation on the cytokine response of CLA+/CLA- T cells from 9 psoriasis patients and 3 healthy control subjects. To this end, CLA + and CLA- T cells from blood samples were cultured with epidermal cells from skin biopsies and treated with IL-15 and IL-23. After five days of culture, cytokines in supernatant were measured by ELISA or fluorescent bead-based immunoassay. There was a statistically significant increase in IL-17F and IL-17A production (P < .001) in cocultures of psoriasis skin-homing CLA + T cells with epidermal cells when stimulated with IL-15 and IL-23, but this effect was not observed in the cells of healthy controls. Interestingly, this response was reduced by around 50 to 80% by blocking HLA class I and II molecules. Our results point to the synergic action of IL-15 and IL-23 selectively for CLA + cells in psoriasis, leading to the induction of Th17 cell-related cytokines.     

银屑病患者外周血Th17/Th22细胞的表达

目的:检测寻常性银屑病(PV)患者外周血Th17、 Th22的水平及相关因子IL-17、IL-22 、IL-6的血清水平。方法: PASI评分评估患者病情,采用流式细胞术检测40例PV患者和30例健康对照者外周血Th17和Th22细胞,ELISA法检测血清中IL-17、IL-22和IL-6水平。结果: PV患者Th17细胞及Th22细胞,血清IL-17、IL-22及血清IL-6的水平明显高于健康对照组比较（P均<0.01）,且与PASI呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论:Th17和Th22可能参与银屑病的发病。     

Involvement of IL-17F via the induction of IL-6 in psoriasis

Recently, the important role of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in psoriasis has been clarified; however, the role of IL-17F produced by Th17 cells is still not fully understood. IL-6 exhibits multiple biologic functions, such as regulation of immunological responses including those in psoriatic reactions. Therefore, we examined the production of IL-6 protein in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) stimulated by IL-17F, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-17A in combination with TNF-α, and PBS control. We then examined the expression of IL-6 mRNA in mouse skin after intradermal injection of IL-17F. Finally, IL-17F expression in skin biopsy specimens from psoriasis patients was examined by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that IL-17F induced production of IL-6 in NHEKs in a time-dependent manner. This could be attenuated by chimeric inhibitor blocking the IL-17 receptor. The amounts of IL-6 stimulated by IL-17F were much higher than those stimulated by TNF-α or IL-17A. IL-6 was also significantly upregulated via synergistic stimulation with IL-17A plus TNF-α. The expression of IL-6 mRNA 24 h after IL-17F injection in the mouse skin was 3.2-fold higher than that in the control group. Immunohistochemistry of inflammatory cells in the dermis demonstrated a large number of CD4⁺ T cells showing IL-17F positivity in psoriatic skin lesions, but few or none in non-lesional psoriatic skin. Our results indicate that IL-17F produced by CD4⁺ T cells causes the inflammation in psoriasis partly through induction of IL-6 in keratinocytes.     

玫瑰糠疹患者外周血IL-17和IL-22的表达

目的：检测外周血IL-17和IL-22在玫瑰糠疹患者中的水平。方法：采取酶联免疫(ELISA)双抗体夹心法,检测45例玫瑰糠疹急性期患者、45例恢复期患者和45名健康人外周血中IL-17和IL-22的水平。结果：玫瑰糠疹急性期、恢复期患者与正常对照组外周血IL-17浓度分别为45.08±14.34 pg/mL,29.34±11.88 pg/mL,15.51±8.79 pg/mL;IL-22浓度分别为85.43±20.01 pg/mL,61.26±10.37 pg/mL,50.54±13.28 pg/mL。三组IL-17和IL-22水平比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：玫瑰糠疹急性期及恢复期患者均存在IL-17和IL-22的表达异常,该疾病可能存在Th17细胞亚群失衡。     

Candida albicans-specific lymphoproliferative and cytokine (IL-4 and IFN-gamma) responses in atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome. Evidence of CD4/CD8 and CD3/CD16+CD56 ratio elevations in vitro

BACKGROUND: Hypersensitivity to cross-reactive mannan polysaccharide allergens of saprophytic yeasts is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). Mannans induce elevated specific immunoglobulin E and lymphoproliferative responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). To gain more detailed data of the involvement of different subpopulations of PBMCs in AEDS after mannan stimulation, changes in the cell-surface marker distribution were analysed. METHODS: The Ficoll-isolated PBMCs of eight yeast hypersensitive AEDS patients and seven non-AEDS controls were stimulated in vitro by mannan (CAM) or whole extract antigen [In-House Reference (IHR)] of Candida albicans or tuberculin [purified protein derivative (PPD)] and after immunofluorescence staining analysed by flow cytometry. The expression of cytokine mRNA was measured by kinetic real-time polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan). RESULTS: After 7-day antigen stimulation, there were significant increases in the CD3/CD16(+)CD56 ratio (P = 0.028 with mannan and P = 0.006 with IHR), CD4/CD8 ratio (P = 0.049 with mannan) and interleukin-4/interferon-gamma (IL-4/IFN-gamma) mRNA ratio (P = 0.028 with IHR) and a decrease in the CD3/CD19 ratio (P = 0.035 with mannan) of AEDS patients' PBMCs as compared with healthy controls' cells. These changes were not seen in cultures with PPD. CONCLUSIONS: The observed CAM and IHR-induced elevations in T cell/natural killer cell, CD4/CD8 and IL-4/IFN-gamma ratios suggest that C. albicans-induced TH(2)-type responses can also play a role in AEDS.     

Psoriasis vulgaris lesions contain discrete populations of Th1 and Th17 T cells

The importance of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in inflammation and autoimmunity is now being appreciated. We analyzed psoriasis skin lesions and peripheral blood for the presence of IL-17-producing T cells. We localized Th17 cells predominantly to the dermis of psoriasis skin lesions, confirmed that IL-17 mRNA increased with disease activity, and demonstrated that IL-17 mRNA expression normalized with cyclosporine therapy. IL-22 mRNA expression mirrored IL-17 and both were downregulated in parallel with keratin 16. Th17 cells are a discrete population, separate from Th1 cells (which are also in psoriasis lesions), and Th2 cells. Our findings suggest that psoriasis is a mixed Th1 and Th17 inflammatory environment. Th17 cells may be proximal regulators of psoriatic skin inflammation, and warrant further attention as therapeutic targets.     

白念珠菌磷脂酶和患者血清可溶性IL-2受体测定分析

目的观察SIL-2R在白念珠菌感染免疫中的作用及磷脂酶对其影响。方法从7例系统性念珠菌感染患者痰或大小便分离培养念珠菌,经API生化鉴定为白念珠菌,采用新鲜蛋黄培养基半定量测定磷脂酶;并在感染后不同时间分别3次采血测定血清可溶性IL-2受体(SIL-2R)水平。结果7株白念珠菌磷脂酶阳性4株;所有患者在感染第1,2,3周血清SIL-2R水平逐渐升高,但磷脂酶阳性患者升高幅度低于磷脂酶阴性者。结论磷脂酶可能通过影响SIL-2R水平而干扰机体对白念珠菌的免疫。     

复发性生殖器疱疹患者外周血IL-12与Th1/Th2细胞因子的检测

目的检测复发性生殖器疱疹(RGH)患者不同病期外周血CD4+T细胞内IL-12,IFN-,γIL-4的水平,探讨IL-12,Th1与Th2亚群在疾病中的可能作用。方法应用流式细胞仪对20例发作期、15例恢复期RGH患者和15名健康人外周血CD4+T细胞IL-12,IFN-γ和IL-4进行检测。结果发作期患者外周血IFN-γ+-CD4+T细胞百分率显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05),IL-4+-CD4+T细胞百分率明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),Th1/Th2比值显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01),同时IL-12+-CD4+T细胞百分率显著降低(P<0.01)。恢复期患者外周血IL-12+-CD4+T细胞百分率仍显著低于正常(P<0.05)。结论RGH患者存在Th1/Th2比例失衡和IL-12水平低下,而后者可能是导致Th1/Th2比例失衡和病情反复发作的重要原因。