胃炎灵胶囊对慢性萎缩性胃炎模型大鼠氧化-抗氧化平衡的影响

[目的]观察胃炎灵胶囊对慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)模型大鼠氧化-抗氧化平衡的影响。[方法]设立空白对照组,并采用综合法复制CAG动物模型32只,随机分为4组,即模型组、胃炎灵大剂量组、胃炎灵小剂量组、维酶素组,每组8只。治疗后分别对各组大鼠胃组织谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮(NO),胃组织及血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)水平进行检测。[结果]与空白组比较,模型组大鼠胃组织GSH-Px、SOD活性下降(P<0.01),MDA、NO水平升高(P<0.01);血清SOD活性下降(P<0.01),MDA水平升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,胃炎灵胶囊可提高胃组织GSH-Px、SOD活性(P<0.05,<0.01),降低MDA、NO水平(P<0.01,<0.05),提高血清SOD活性(P<0.05),降低MDA水平(P<0.05),且以胃炎灵胶囊大剂量组作用显著。[结论]胃炎灵胶囊具有提高抗氧化酶活性,减轻自由基损伤和抑制脂质过氧化物反应的作用。     

治萎防变胶囊对气虚血瘀型CAG大鼠PGE2、GAS和血浆/胃组织MOT水平的影响

目的 探讨治萎防变胶囊对气虚血瘀型萎缩性胃炎(CAG)大鼠胃组织PGE2、血清胃泌素(GAS)和血浆/胃组织胃动素(MOT)水平的影响.方法 采用综合法复制CAG动物模型.施药治疗后分别对各组大鼠血清胃组织PGE2、血清GAS和血浆/胃组织MOT含量进行检测.结果 与空白组比较,模型组大鼠胃组织PGE2、血清GAS水平显著下降(P<0.01,P<0.05),血浆/胃组织MOT水平显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,治萎防变胶囊可显著提高组织PGE2、血清GAS含量(P<0.05),显著降低血浆/胃组织MOT水平(P<0.05),且以治萎防变胶囊大剂量组作用显著.结论 治萎防变胶囊具有调节胃酸、胃黏膜黏液分泌,调整胃动力,增加胃黏膜血流量,改善微循环,营养和修复胃黏膜的作用.     

治萎防变胶囊对萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜NO/NOS和胃泌素、内皮素的影响

目的探讨治萎防变胶囊对慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)大鼠胃黏膜一氧化氮(NO)/一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和血清胃泌素(GAS)、血浆内皮素(ET-1)的影响。方法采用综合法成功复制CAG动物模型。施药治疗后分别对各组大鼠胃黏膜组织NO/NOS及GAS、ET-1含量进行检测。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠胃黏膜组织NO/NOS水平显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),血清GAS含量显著升高(P<0.05),血浆ET-1含量显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,治萎防变胶囊可显著降低胃黏膜组织NO/NOS和血浆ET-1含量(P<0.05),显著提高血清GAS含量(P<0.05),且以治萎防变胶囊大剂量组作用显著。结论治萎防变胶囊具有提高机体抗氧化能力,减轻自由基损伤;降低血浆ET-1含量,促进血清GAS分泌,增加胃动力,改善胃黏膜血流量的作用。     

L-精氨酸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏、大脑、睾丸氧自由基和抗氧化水平的影响

目的探讨L-精氨酸对糖尿病(DM)大鼠肾脏、大脑、睾丸氧自由基和抗氧化水平的影响.方法给大鼠腹腔注射四氧嘧啶制备DM模型,随机分为DM组、L-精氨酸治疗组及正常对照组;用药4 w末处死大鼠,测定肾脏、大脑及睾丸组织一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果 DM大鼠睾丸NOS活性(P＜0.01)及大脑、睾丸NO含量(P＜0.05,P＜0.001)、肾脏SOD(P＜0.001)、肾脏、大脑、睾丸GSH-Px活性(P＜0.01,P＜0.001,P＜0.05)均较正常对照组显著降低,而肾脏、大脑、睾丸MDA含量均较正常对照组明显升高(均P＜0.001);L-Arg可显著增加DM大鼠肾脏、大脑、睾丸NOS活性和NO含量(均P＜0.001)及大脑SOD(P＜0.01)、大脑、睾丸GSH-Px活性(P＜0.05,P＜0.001),并使肾脏、大脑、睾丸MDA含量显著降低(分别P＜0.01,P＜0.001,P＜0.001).结论 DM大鼠肾脏、大脑、睾丸组织存在脂质过氧化损伤;L-Arg通过提高NO含量,保护抗氧化酶活性,对DM大鼠肾脏、大脑、睾丸组织的氧化应激有一定的减轻作用.     

脑舒胶囊对Aβ_(25～35)诱导的AD大鼠海马神经元氧化应激的保护作用

目的研究脑舒胶囊对Aβ25～35诱导的阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠海马神经元氧化应激的保护作用。方法双侧脑室注射Aβ25～35复制大鼠AD模型;Morris水迷宫观察大鼠学习记忆能力;化学比色法检测海马组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;HE染色,光镜观察海马CA3区神经元损伤情况。结果与对照组比较,AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力明显下降(P0.05),海马组织GSH-Px、SOD活性明显下降(P0.05,P0.01),MDA含量明显增加(P0.05,P0.01);与模型组比较,脑舒胶囊治疗组大鼠学习记忆力明显改善,海马组织GSH-Px、SOD活性明显升高(P0.05,P0.01),MDA含量明显下降(P0.05,P0.01);光镜观察发现,模型组大鼠海马CA3区神经元排列紊乱,细胞数量减少;细胞体积变小,胞体形状不规则,胞浆浓缩,胞核固缩深染,结构不清,脑舒胶囊治疗组大鼠海马CA3区神经元上述情况明显改善。结论脑舒胶囊对Aβ25～35所致AD大鼠海马神经元氧化应激具有较好的保护作用。     

维生素C、E对氟中毒大鼠不同组织抗氧化酶活性影响的研究

目的探讨氟中毒大鼠肝、肾、脑组织抗氧化酶类及脂质过氧化物的变化以及维生素 C、E 单独和联合干预以及不同剂量干预对高氟状态下大鼠抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化物的影响。方法将120只 Wistar 大鼠随机分为9绀,饮水染氟建立氟中毒大鼠模型,并灌胃给予维生素 C 和/或维生素 E;9月后处死大鼠取肝、肾、腑组织测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氧酶(CAT)活性和脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果染氟组大鼠肝、肾、脑组织 MDA 含量显著增加,肝和腑绀织 SOD、GSH-Px 和 CAT 活性以及肾组织 GSH-Px 活性均显著降低(P<0.05),而肾组织 SOD、CAT 活性无明显变化;维生素 C、E 可不同程度地增强 SOD、GSH-Px 和 CAT 活性,降低 MDA 水平;联合干预维生素 C、E 可明显拮抗氟诱导的脂质过氧化作用,显著增强大鼠肝组织 SOD、GSH-Px 和 CAT活性;维生素 C 低制量干预对肾脏 SOD 和 CAT 以及脑 GSH-Px 和 CAT 具有明显的保护作用;维生素 E 高剂量干预显著增加脑 SOD 活性。结论维生素 C 和维生素 E 在一定剂量范围内可有效拮抗过量氟导敛的脂质过氧化作用,对氟中毒大鼠肝、肾、脑组织有明显的保护作用。     

萎蕤抗衰老作用的实验研究

本文对每只小鼠每日灌服萎蕤水煎液0.4ml(相当生药0.1g),能显著增高全血过氧化物歧化酶(SOD,P<0.05)和全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px,P<0.005)活性,并能显著抑制过氧化脂质(LPO)的形成(P<0.05)。结果表明萎蕤具有抗衰老作用。     

补肾止颤方联合埋针对帕金森病大鼠行为学及黑质区自由基清除的影响

目的观察补肾止颤方联合埋针对帕金森病(PD)大鼠行为学、中脑黑质区自由基清除的影响。方法将40只SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组(10只)和造模组(30只),造模组采用蛋白酶抑制因子皮下注射法制作PD模型后,随机分为模型组、多巴丝肼组、针药结合组,各10只。模型组、假手术组均予生理盐水1mL/(100g·d)灌胃;多巴丝肼组予多巴丝肼200mg/(kg·d)灌胃;针药结合组予补肾止颤方1mL/(100g·d)灌胃,并结合埋针。各组均予隔天(每周一、周三、周五)治疗,治疗3周后观察大鼠行为学及中脑黑质区谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化脂质(LPO)含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化。结果与假手术组比较,模型组GSH含量和GSH-Px、SOD活性均明显降低(P <0.01);LPO含量显著升高(P <0.01);且模型组大鼠的网格试验和平衡杆试验移动潜伏期及过杆时间均显著延长(P <0.01)。与模型组比较,多巴丝肼组和针药结合组GSH含量和GSH-Px、SOD活性均明显升高(P <0.01),针药结合组GSH含量和GSH-Px、SOD活性均高于多巴丝肼组(P <0.05);多巴丝肼组和针药结合组LPO含量均明显降低(P <0.01),针药结合组LPO含量低于多巴丝肼组(P <0.05);多巴丝肼组和针药结合组的网格试验及平衡杆试验移动潜伏期和过杆时间均明显缩短(P <0.01),针药结合组网格试验及平衡杆试验移动潜伏期及过杆时间均较多巴丝肼组显著缩短(P <0.05)。结论补肾止颤方联合埋针能使PD大鼠的行为学明显改善;并能显著增强中脑黑质区自由基清除能力,从而保护黑质区多巴胺能神经元细胞。     

头顶一颗珠对岗田酸致阿尔茨海默病大鼠脑组织抗氧化酶和过氧化脂质的影响

目的 观察头顶一颗珠(TTM)对阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型大鼠海马、皮质抗氧化酶和过氧化脂质表达的影响.方法 用岗田酸(OA)大鼠侧脑室注射制备大鼠阿尔茨海默病大鼠模型,TTM注射液(750、500、250 mg/kg)腹腔注射,并用维生素C(Vit C)腹腔注射作阳性对照.测定正常组、模型组、阳性对照组、药物实验组海马、皮质超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量.结果 模型组与正常组比较,SOD、GSH-Px降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.001),MDA增高(P＜0.001).药物实验组与阳性对照组比较,SOD、GSH-Px和MDA在TTM高、中剂量组差异明显(P＜0.05),低剂量组差异不明显(P＞0.05).结论 TTM抗衰老作用与增强脑组织SOD、GSH-Px活性、减少MDA蓄积有关.     

VE、VC对大鼠肝、心组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化脂质的影响

本实验研究选用14个月龄Wistar大白鼠,研究了VE、VC单独摄入与二者联合摄入后对谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化脂质(LPO)的影响。结果表明,无论单独饲喂VE、VC或二者联合使用,肝LPO均低于对照组,差异非常显著。大剂量VC降低LPO的作用明显大于VE组。从GSH-Px和SOD的变化来看,VC具有明显提高GSH-Px和SOD活性的作用,与降低LPO的作用一致。     

Electrochemical Recovery and Behaviors of Rare Earth (La,Ce, Pr,Nd, Sm,Eu, Gd,Tb, Dy,Ho, Er,Tm, and Yb) Ions on Ni Sheets

The electrochemical behaviors of rare earth (RE) ions have extensively been studied because of their high potential applications to the reprocessing of used nuclear fuels and RE-containing materials. In the present study, we fully investigated the electrochemical behaviors of RE(III) (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) ions over a Ni sheet electrode in 0.1 M NaClO₄ electrolyte solution by cyclic voltammetry between +0.5 and −1.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Amperometry electrodeposition experiments were performed between −1.2 and −0.9 V to recover RE elements over the Ni sheet. The successfully RE-recovered Ni sheets were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The newly reported recovery data for RE(III) ions over a metal electrode provide valuable information on the development of the treatment methods of RE elements.     

Clinical trials update: highlights of the scientific sessions of The American College of Cardiology 2002: LIFE,DANAMI 2, MADIT-2, MIRACLE-ICD,OVERTURE, OCTAVE,ENABLE 1 & 2, CHRISTMAS,AFFIRM, RACE,WIZARD, AZACS,REMATCH, BNP trial and HARDBALL

This article continues a series of reports updating recent research developments of particular interest to personnel involved in the treatment and management of patients with heart failure. This is a summary of selected presentations made at the American College of Cardiology 51st Annual Scientific Session held in Atlanta on 17-20 March 2002. Reports of the following clinical studies are included: LIFE, DANAMI 2, MADIT-2, MIRACLE-ICD, OVERTURE, OCTAVE, ENABLE 1 & 2, CHRISTMAS, AFFIRM, RACE, WIZARD, AZACS, REMATCH, BNP trial and HARDBALL.     

Prevalence,Self-Awareness,Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Lhasa,Tibet

To investigate the prevalence, self-awareness, and treatment of hypertension in Lhasa, Tibet, a total of 1370 native Tibetan aged ≥18 years were selected, using stratified proportional sampling. The study showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 51.2%, significantly higher in men (56.0%) than in women (48.0%) (P = .004). The hypertension prevalence increased with increasing age (77.8% in 60–74 y and 82.5% in ≥75 y groups) and was higher in urban, suburban, or agricultural area than in pastoral area (P < .001). The self-awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension were 63.5%, 24.3% and 7.7%, respectively. In multivariable regression analysis, age, urban residence, amount of daily intake of fat and oil, and body mass index <18.5 kg/m² were independently associated with hypertension. In conclusion, hypertension was highly prevalent among native Tibetan people in Lhasa, and the rates of self-awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were low.     

Lack of effect of colesevelam HCl on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of aspirin,atenolol, enalapril,phenytoin, rosiglitazone,and sitagliptin

Aims

Drug interactions with bile acid sequestrants are primarily due to the potential of these agents to bind to concomitant drugs. Six clinical studies were performed to determine the effects of colesevelam on the pharmacokinetics of aspirin, atenolol, enalapril, phenytoin, rosiglitazone, and sitagliptin.

Methods

All six studies enrolled healthy subjects aged 18–45 years. The phenytoin study used a single-dose, three-period crossover design (phenytoin alone, phenytoin simultaneously with colesevelam, and phenytoin 4 h before colesevelam). The other studies used a two-period crossover design (test drug alone and test drug simultaneously with colesevelam). Colesevelam (3750 mg once daily) was dosed throughout the pharmacokinetic sampling period. After each single dose of the test drug, serial blood samples were collected for determination of plasma drug concentrations and calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters.

Results

For all six test drugs, 90% CIs for geometric least-squares mean ratios of AUC and C_max for the measured analytes were within specified limits, indicating no interaction between the test drug and colesevelam.

Conclusions

Aspirin, atenolol, enalapril, rosiglitazone, and sitagliptin may be taken with colesevelam. Although the phenytoin study indicated no pharmacokinetic interaction, phenytoin should continue to be taken ≥4 h before colesevelam in accordance with current prescribing information.     

Biliary microlithiasis,sludge,crystals,microcrystallization,and usefulness of assessment of nucleation time

BACKGROUND:The process of microcrystallization,its sequel and the assessment of nucleation time is ignored.This systematic review aimed to highlight the importance of biliary microlithiasis,sludge,and crystals,and their association with gallstones,unexplained biliary pain,idiopathic pancreatitis, and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.DATA SOURCES:Three reviewers performed a literature search of the PubMed database.Key words used were"biliary microlithiasis","biliary sludge","bile crystals","cholesterol crystallisation","bile microscopy","microcrystal formation of bile","cholesterol monohydrate crystals","nucleation time of cholesterol","gallstone formation","sphincter of Oddi dysfunction"and"idiopathic pancreatitis".Additional articles were sourced from references within the studies from the PubMed search.RESULTS:We found that biliary microcrystals account for almost all patients with gallstone disease,7%to 79%with idiopathic pancreatitis,83%with unexplained biliary pain, and 25%to 60%with altered biliary and pancreatic sphincter function.Overall,the detection of biliary microcrystals in gallstone disease has a sensitivity ranging from 55%to 87%and a specificity of 100%.In idiopathic pancreatitis,the presence of microcrystals ranges from 47%to 90%.A nucleation time less than 10 days in hepatic bile or ultra-filtered gallbladder bile has a specificity of 100%for cholesterol gallstone disease.CONCLUSIONS:Biliary crystals are associated with gallstone disease,idiopathic pancreatitis,sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, unexplained biliary pain,and post-cholecystectomy biliary pain.Pathways of cholesterol super-saturation,crystallisation, and gallstone formation have been described with scientificsupport.Bile microscopy is a useful method to detect microcrystals and the assessment of nucleation time is a good method of predicting the risk of cholesterol crystallisation.     

Clinical trials update from the American College of Cardiology 2008: CARISMA, TRENDS, meta-analysis of Cox-2 studies, HAT, ON-TARGET, HYVET, ACCOMPLISH, MOMENTUM, PROTECT, HORIZON-HF and REVERSE

This article provides information and a commentary on trials relevant to the pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of heart failure, presented at the American College of Cardiology. Unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as analyses may change in the final publication. CARISMA investigated the use of implantable loop recorders for detecting life-threatening arrhythmias in patients with LVSD after MI and found that brady- and ventricular tachy-arrhythmias predicted an adverse prognosis. The TRENDS study showed that the burden of atrial fibrillation detected by pacemakers or defibrillators predicted the risk of embolic events but not with sufficient precision to justify changes in anti-thrombotic management. A meta-analysis of six trials reported an increased cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib, particularly for heart failure, which was related to dose and baseline cardiovascular risk. The HAT study failed to show a benefit of providing post-MI patients with a home defibrillator. MOMENTUM, a study of a device designed to augment aortic blood flow, was stopped early due to increased bleeding risk. Results from PROTECT support the use of rolofylline 30 mg/day in acute heart failure, a definitive study is now underway. Istaroxime, an agent that appears to have both inotropic and lusitropic effects, improved haemodynamics when added to standard therapy in patients stabilised after admission with heart failure in HORIZON-HF. The REVERSE study suggested that CRT improves ventricular function and reduces morbidity even in patients with few or no symptoms of heart failure and may delay or prevent worsening heart failure.