骚扰库蚊内蒙古新记录及其感染Wolbachia的检测

本研究对内蒙古满洲里地区采集到的尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫进行自育性实验和雄蚊阳茎鉴定,证实内蒙古满洲里地区发现的尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫是骚扰库蚊新记录,其自育率为72．5％,雄蚊阳茎DV／D的比值在-0．0648与0．0577之间。随后应用Wolbachia的wsp基因特异引物,通过PCR方法对其进行检测。实验结果表明,内蒙古满洲里地区骚扰库蚊的雌蚊和雄蚊体内均检测到Wolbachia感染,感染率为79．71％。     

上海市冬季尖音库蚊复合组现状初步研究

为研究上海市冬季尖音库蚊复合组生态学,2012年12月中旬至2013年3月中旬,在上海市7个区县（3个郊区,4个市区）,每旬开展一次冬季尖音库蚊复合组调查。结果发现郊区和市区地上建筑的尖音库蚊复合组进入越冬状态,而市区地下建筑的尖音库蚊属相当一部分没有进入越冬状态,且市区地下建筑的尖音库蚊复合组吸血率与郊区和市区地上建筑越冬的蚊虫没有显著差异。     

我国尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫核糖体DNA第2内转录间隔区序列测定与分析

通过对我国尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫及三带喙库蚊核糖体DNA第二内转录间隔区 (rDNA ITS2 )的序列测定 ,表明rDNA ITS2序列在我国尖音库蚊复合组种内亚种间和亚种内的变异存在有重叠现象。分子系统关系分析没有发现与形态学亚种阶元分类地位的一致性 ,但在种间差异明显。     

Wolbachia在我国蚊虫体内感染组织定位的透射电镜观察和PCR检测

通过透射电镜的超微形态观察和分组织的PCR检测发现 ,在我国尖音库蚊复合组和白纹伊蚊体内感染的Wolbachia株不仅局限于生殖组织内。在淡色库蚊 (Cx .pipienspallens)和骚扰库蚊 (Cx .pipiensmolestus)雌蚊卵巢、中肠和胸部肌肉组织中都有B大组Pip组Wolbachia株的感染 ,而头部没有检测到感染。在白纹伊蚊雌蚊卵巢、中肠组织中存在A大组和B大组Pip组的Wolbachia株双重感染 ,胸部肌肉组织中仅发现B大组Pip组Wolbachia株的单独感染 ,头部没有检测到感染     

我国尖音库景复合组的聚类分析

本文针地尖音库蚊复合组,选择了４个分类性状,包括雄蚊阳茎ＤＶ／Ｄ的比值、四龄幼虫呼吸管指数,四龄幼虫呼吸管１－Ｓ第１对毛的分枝数对第２对毛的分枝数。应用最小距离法对我国２２个地理株及尖音库蚊,淡色库蚊和致倦库蚊的实验室杂交后代分别进行聚类分析,发现尖音蚊乌鲁木齐株和骚扰库蚊北京株与其它株距离最远,在剩余的２０株蚊虫中,除思茅株外,聚为三类,分别代表分布在我国淡色库蚊、致倦库蚊,以及淡色库蚊和致蚊     

我国尖音库蚊复合组的聚类分析

本文针对尖音库蚊复合组,选择了４个分类性状,包括雄蚊阳茎ＤＶ／Ｄ的比值、四龄幼虫呼吸管指数、四龄幼虫呼吸管１－Ｓ第１对毛的分枝数和第２对毛的分枝数,应用最小距离法对我国２２个地理株及尖音库蚊、淡色库蚊和致倦库蚊的实验室杂交后代分别进行聚类分析,发现尖音库蚊乌鲁木齐株和骚扰库蚊北京株与其它株距离最远,在剩余的２０株蚊虫中,除思茅株外,聚为三类,分别代表分布在我国的淡色库蚊、致倦库蚊、以及淡色库蚊和致倦库蚊的中间型。在杂交后代的聚类中发现,尖音库蚊和致倦库蚊的杂交后代与淡色库蚊没有聚在一类。     

淡色库蚊与致倦库蚊三个地理株杂交的研究

本文针对我国重要的媒介蚊虫淡色库蚊和致倦库蚊，进行了３个地理株的实验室内杂交研究。结果发现淡色库蚊北京株与淡色库蚊南京株杂交，以及淡色库蚊南京株与致倦库蚊广州株杂交，都可以产生具有能育性的杂种子一代并且也得到了杂种子二代，但是杂种子二代成成蚊率很低，介于０％—５．５４％之间，提示这可能是尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫的分化在遗传学上的反映     

尖音库蚊复合组（CulexpipiensComplex）生物分类学的研究：表皮碳氢化合物的气相色谱分析

本文报告了我国尖音库蚊复合组尖音库蚊、淡色库蚊和致倦库蚊表皮碳氢化合物的气相色谱分析，并与本复合组分布于日本的骚扰库蚊以及亲缘种迷走库蚊进行了比较。结果表明，尖音库蚊、淡色库蚊、致倦库蚊和骚扰库蚊表皮碳氢化合物的主要组分相同，含量存在着某些差异，与迷走库蚊相比则有较大的差异，而在一定程度上表现出复合组的特征。     

尖音库蚊复合组生物分类学的研究：表皮碳氢化合物的气相色…

本文报告了我国尖音库蚊复合组尖音库蚊，淡色库蚊和致倦库蚊表皮碳氢化合物的气相色谱分析，并与本复合组分布于日本的骚扰库蚊以及亲缘种迷走库蚊进行了比较，结果表明，尖音库蚊，淡色库蚊，致倦库蚊和骚扰库蚊表皮碳氢化合物的主要组分相同，含量存在着某些差异，与迷走库蚊相比则有较大的差异，而在一定程度上表现出复合组的特征。     

尖音库蚊复合组（Culex pipiens Complex）蚊虫体内脂肪酸组分和含量的气相色谱分析

本文报告了我国尖音库蚊复合组尖音库蚊、致倦库蚊和淡色库蚊体内脂肪酸组分和含量的气相色谱分析结果。发现三者主要脂肪酸组分均为棕榈油酸（Ｃ１６：１）、棕榈酸（Ｃ１６：０）、亚油酸（Ｃ１８：２）、油酸（Ｃ１８：１）、硬脂酸（Ｃ１８：０）、肉豆蔻酸（Ｃ１４：０）和两种未知酸（保留时间分别为２１．０９和２１．３４）。而各组分含量在上述蚊虫之间有一定的差异。     

淡色库蚊(Culex pipiens pallens)抗性酯酶B_2基因类群的抗性变异分析

淡色库蚊对毒死蜱抗性品系表现为酯酶Ｂ２基因扩增。本文对由酯酶Ｂ２基因扩增所导致的ＯＰ抗性在无杀虫剂压力下的变异性进行了研究。研究结果表明,当抗性种群中混有非酯酶基因扩增个体时,其抗性水平逐渐下降,酯酶扩增的概率逐渐减少,这可能与抗性基因在生物学上的不适应性有关;在均一的抗性酯酶基因种群中,抗性水平始终较稳定,酯酶的活性也一直较高,这表明在均一的抗性酯酶基因种群的遗传中,酯酶等位基因拷贝几乎是不会丢失的。根据研究结果,对蚊虫有机磷杀虫剂抗性的演变进行讨论     

Host-seeking heights, host-seeking activity patterns, and West Nile virus infection rates for members of the Culex pipiens complex at different habitat types within the hybrid zone, Shelby County, TN, 2002 (Diptera: Culicidae)

Host-seeking heights, host-seeking activity patterns, and West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) infection rates were assessed for members of the Culex pipiens complex from July to December 2002, by using chicken-baited can traps (CT) at four ecologically different sites in Shelby County, TN. Host-seeking height was assessed by CT placed at elevations of 3.1, 4.6, and 7.6 m during one 24-h period per month. Host-seeking activity was assessed by paired CT placed at an elevation of 4.6 m. Can traps were sampled at one 10-h daytime interval and at seven 2-h intervals during the evening, night, and morning. Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes accounted for 87.1% of collected mosquitoes. Culex (Melanoconion) erraticus (Dyar & Knab) accounted for 11.9% of specimens. The average number of Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes collected per 24-h CT period from July to September was lowest at a rural middle income site (1.7), intermediate at an urban middle income site (11.3), and highest at an urban low income site (47.4). Can traps at the forested site failed to collect Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes. From July to September at urban sites, Culex pipiens pipiens L. was the rarest of the three complex members accounting for 11.1-25.6% of specimens. At the rural site, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say was the rarest member of the complex. Cx. p. pipiens was not collected after September. Mean abundance of Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes was higher in traps at 7.6 m than in traps at 4.6 m. Abundances at 3.1 m were intermediate and not significantly different from abundances at the other heights. Initiation of host-seeking activity was associated with the end of civil twilight and activity occurred over an extended nighttime period lasting 8-10 h. All 11 WNV-positive mosquitoes were Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes collected from urban sites in traps placed at elevations of 4.6 and 7.6 m. Infection rates were marginally nonsignificant by height. Infection rates, host-seeking heights, and activity patterns were not significantly different among members of the Cx. pipiens complex.     

白纹伊蚊实验种群感染沃尔巴体Wolbachia的研究

为了了解白纹伊蚊实验种群沃尔巴体Wolbachia感染率、感染品系、组织分布及系统发育,运用引物PCR方法检测实验种群白纹伊蚊Wolbachia 的感染情况.解剖白纹伊蚊,提取头部、卵巢/睾丸、脂肪体、唾液腺/胸部、马氏管、中肠组织的基因组DNA,PCR法扩增Wolbachia表面膜蛋白（wsp）,扩增产物进行克隆及测序,并用BLAST软件对其进行系统发育分析.将随机抽取的白纹伊蚊雌雄各50只分别检测,均为阳性.卵巢/睾丸、脂肪体和唾液腺/胸部均存在着Wolbachia A、B组超感染;雌蚊头部、雄蚊马氏管和中肠为B组单感染;雄蚊头部则未检测到Wolbachia.将wsp基因克隆测序后进行系统发育分析显示白纹伊蚊体内Wolbachia与尖音库蚊、菜蛾、宽边黄粉蝶四者同源性较高达99%,这表明四者体内所感染的Wolbachia可能来源于同一个分支.     

An initial survey for Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) infections in selected California mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Knowledge of biogeographic variation in Wolbachia infection rates and inferred susceptibility to infection among different mosquito taxa has fundamental implications for the design and successful application of Wolbachia-based vector-borne disease control strategies. Using a Wolbachia-specific polymerase chain reaction assay, we tested 14 North American mosquito species in five genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Culiseta, Culex, and Ochlerotatus) for Wolbachia infection. Wolbachia infections were only detected in members of the Culex pipiens (L.) species complex.     

Oviposition activity patterns and West Nile virus infection rates for members of the Culex pipiens complex at different habitat types within the hybrid zone, Shelby County, TN, 2002 (Diptera: Culicidae)

Oviposition activity and West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) infection rates were assessed for members of the Culex pipiens complex from July through December 2002 by using gravid traps placed at four ecologically different sites in the southern portion of the hybrid zone in Shelby County, TN. Molecular assays identified three members of the Cx. pipiens complex: Cx. pipiens pipiens L., Cx. p. quinquefasciatus Say, and Cx. p. pipiens-Cx. p. quinquefasciatus hybrids (hybrids). The Cx. pipiens complex accounted for 90% of mosquitoes collected in gravid traps. All 285 WNV-positive mosquitoes were Culex mosquitoes, and 277 (97%) were Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes. Infection rates among members of the Cx. pipiens complex were not significantly different. Infection rates were significantly higher at two urban sites than at a rural site, and WNV was not detected at a forested site. At urban sites, abundances of members of the Cx. pipiens complex corresponded to a simple latitude model of the hybrid zone. Cx. p. quinquefasciatus was most abundant (46.4%), followed by hybrids (34.1%) and Cx. p. pipiens (19.5%). The relative abundances at a rural site were reversed with Cx. p. pipiens (48.4%) being most abundant. This demonstrates that spatial habitat variation may profoundly influence the distribution of members of the Cx. pipiens complex within the hybrid zone. Members of the Cx. pipiens complex did not display different oviposition patterns. However, oviposition patterns assessed hourly at urban and rural sites were significantly different. At urban sites, oviposition activity of Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes was bimodal with an evening peak associated with sunset and a morning peak associated with sunrise. At the rural site, the evening peak was pronounced and the morning peak weak and similar to nighttime activity.     

五十年来中国的蚊类生物系统学研究

新中国成立以来的５０年，我国蚊类的生物系统学研究有了重大的进展。在区系分类方面，《中国蚊科志》的编研和出版，标志着此项研究已达到了成熟阶段。在种团和复合组研究方面，赫坎按蚊种团和尖音库蚊复合组的研究，澄清了重要疟疾和淋巴丝虫病媒介的分类地位，具有重要流行病学意义。在系统发育研究方面，亚科、属以及伊蚊属亚属的数值分析，对它们的亲缘关系以及自然分类系统进行了有益探讨。过去的成就表明，我国蚊类生物系统学研究已建立了良好的基础，为在２１世纪的持续发展，创造了有利的条件。