术前选择性髂内动脉栓塞治疗骨盆肿瘤

目的：探讨术前选择性髂内动脉栓塞在骨盆肿瘤手术治疗中的价值。资料与方法：对12例骨盆肿瘤患者，采用明胶海绵作选择性髂内动脉栓塞，栓塞后平均2．7天手术。结果：本组病例中7例骶尾部肿瘤施行了双侧选择性髂内动脉栓塞，5例髂骨部肿瘤施行了单侧选择性髂内动脉栓塞。12例中11例获得了术中明显减少出血的效果，肿瘤得以彻底切除，术中失血量平均为751ml。结论：术前选择性髂内动脉栓塞对骨盆部肿瘤能明显的减少术中出血，提高手术切除率，是一种安全有效的辅助治疗手段。     

骶髂骨肿瘤切除术前介入栓塞价值

目的 评估骶、髂骨肿瘤术前经导管超选择性动脉栓塞的价值和作用.方法对15 例骶、髂骨肿瘤用明胶海绵颗粒行超选择性动脉栓塞,栓塞后1～3 d行手术切除.疾病包括:骨巨细胞瘤5 例、动脉瘤样骨囊肿2例、转移瘤2 例、软骨肉瘤4例、脊索瘤3例.结果本组15 例栓塞后造影均显示肿瘤染色范围均较术前减少80 %以上.术中失血500～2600 ml 之间,平均为1100 ml .所有肿瘤均被顺利切除.结论 骶、髂骨肿瘤手术治疗前超选择性动脉栓塞能安全有效地减少术中出血, 提高肿瘤手术治疗效果并降低手术的风险.     

骶骨肿瘤术前超选择性动脉栓塞的意义

目的：研究和评估骶骨肿瘤术前经导管超选择性动脉栓塞的价值和作用。方法：对１６例骶骨肿瘤用明胶海绵或白芨粉行超选择性动脉栓塞,栓塞后平均３．５天行手术切除。疾病包括：骨巨细胞瘤３例、脊索瘤８例、动脉瘤样骨囊肿２例、转移瘤３例。结果：本组１６例栓塞后造影的显示肿瘤染色均较术前减少８５％以上。术中失血５００～１５００ｍｌ之间,平均为７８０ｍｌ。所有肿瘤均被顺利切除。结论：超选择性动脉栓塞手术治疗骶骨肿瘤     

双侧髂内动脉栓塞在骨盆肿瘤化疗栓塞中的临床应用

目的 :探讨双侧髂内动脉栓塞在骨盆肿瘤化疗栓塞中的临床应用价值。方法 :对 2 3例骨盆肿瘤患者采用Co bra或Yashiro导管进行超选择插管 ,找出肿瘤的所有供血动脉 ,然后根据血供进行超选择性灌注化疗 ,并用明胶海绵随机对其中 11例患者进行所有肿瘤供血动脉的选择性栓塞 (单纯栓塞组 ) ;对其中 12例患者除进行所有肿瘤供血动脉的选择性栓塞外 ,还对双侧髂内动脉主干进行栓塞 (双侧髂内动脉栓塞组 ) ,栓塞后 2 4～ 4 8h由同一组医生进行手术 ,计算术中出血量与手术时间。结果 :双侧髂内动脉栓塞组手术中暴露肿瘤的出血量为 80± 2 6 6 3ml,术中总出血量为 775± 2 35 97ml,手术时间为 16 4 17± 2 6 4 4min ;单纯栓塞组上述指标分别为 2 0 0± 4 8 5 8ml、176 3 6 4± 390 5 7ml、2 2 8 18± 37 37min。双侧髂内动脉栓塞组明显少于单纯栓塞组 (P <0 0 0 1)。手术中术野更清楚 ,易剥离 ,出血少 ,缩短手术时间。术后随访 6～ 18个月未见肿瘤复发和转移。结论 :双侧髂内动脉栓塞法能有效减少骨盆肿瘤的术中出血 ,利于肿瘤彻底切除 ,结合化疗能减少肿瘤复发或转移 ,是一种有价值的术前辅助性治疗方法     

选择性靶动脉栓塞在骶骨肿瘤切除术中的价值

目的 探讨和评估选择性靶动脉栓塞骶骨肿瘤后对外科切除肿瘤的价值和方法。方法 运用Seldinger技术，对9例骶骨肿瘤患者进行肿瘤供血动脉及肿瘤内血管全部彻底栓塞，栓塞材料应用明胶海绵，栓塞后1周内行手术切除术。结果 彻底的术前栓塞手术中失血量明显减少，9例骶骨肿瘤均得到彻底切除，平均失血量为1090ml。术后平均随访15个月，未见肿瘤局部复发。结论 骶骨肿瘤切除术前选择性靶动脉栓塞可有效减少术中出血，有利于肿瘤的彻底切除，为顺利切除骶骨肿瘤提供了有价值的方法。     

脊椎原发性骨肿瘤的介入治疗

目的研究脊椎原发性骨肿瘤术前化疗及选择性动脉栓塞的安全性、疗效评价标准及临床价值。方法对术前采用化疗及选择性动脉栓塞且术后经病理证实的16例资料完整的椎体肿瘤进行回顾性分析。采用Seldinger技术,将导管超选择性地插入所需栓塞的肿瘤供血动脉,进行化疗,再以明胶海绵颗粒为栓塞材料进行选择性动脉栓塞。结果化疗、栓塞后肿瘤供血动脉大部分阻断,肿瘤染色较栓塞前减少>75%,术中出血量为500～2000ml,平均为810ml,手术切除顺利;术后标本病检肿瘤细胞坏死率为91%～95%;疼痛症状缓解率为95%。本组均未发生严重并发症。结论脊椎肿瘤术前行化疗及选择性动脉栓塞,是一种操作简便,安全可靠的有效方法。     

脊柱肿瘤术前靶动脉栓塞

目的　探讨脊柱肿瘤术前栓塞的临床应用价值。方法　肿瘤分布为颈椎 13例 ,胸椎 17例 ,腰椎 15例 ,骶椎 9例。造影后选择性栓塞肿瘤供养动脉 ,栓塞物质为直径 1mm的明胶颗粒、PVA颗粒或钢圈。手术时机为栓塞后 1～ 7d。结果　共栓塞 4 3例患者的 79支血管 ,其中颈升动脉 1支 ,椎动脉 1支 ,肋间动脉 39支 ,腰动脉 19支 ,髂内动脉 15支 ,骶正中动脉 4支。栓塞后手术的 4 1例患者术中估计出血量 (EBL)为 30 0～ 30 0 0ml,平均 1312ml;同期 33例未行术前栓塞脊柱肿瘤术中EBL为 15 0 0～ 5 0 0 0ml,平均 2 375ml(P <0 .0 1)。本组全部栓塞病例均无并发症。结论　脊柱肿瘤术前栓塞能显著减少术中出血 ,可使肿瘤有更多的机会获得完全切除。     

骶骨肿瘤术前栓塞的临床应用研究

目的：探讨经导管行肿瘤供血动脉术前栓塞在手术切除骶骨肿瘤中的价值和作用。方法：11例骶骨肿瘤患者进行数字减影血管造影明确靶血管情况后,采用明胶海绵结合弹簧圈栓塞靶血管,并于栓塞后1-3天行骶骨肿瘤切除。结果：11例肿瘤靶血管栓塞后,肿瘤染色基本消失,手术切除顺利,术中出血明显减少,平均出血量为750ml。11例平均随访12个月,未见局部复发。结论：骶骨肿瘤的术前动脉栓塞能有效降低术中出血,减少并发症的发生。增加了肿瘤切除率和彻底切除的可能性,是十分安全有效的治疗方法。     

骨肿瘤的术前动脉栓塞治疗

研究和评估骨肿瘤手术前选择性动脉栓塞治疗的价值，作用，探讨影响骨肿瘤术前动脉栓塞疗效的因素。材料与方法：对２４例骨肿瘤进行选择性动脉栓塞，先用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞肿瘤区小血地以明胶海绵细条栓塞供血动脉主士，于栓塞后１－５天进行手术。结果：共栓塞肿瘤供血动脉４７支，２３例手术成功，手术过程顺利，其中２０例肿瘤被完全切除，３例被大部切除，术中平均失血为９６０ｍｌ，无１例发生术中死亡或术后严重并发症；１例在     

术前超选择性栓塞高血运脑膜瘤的临床意义

目的　探讨术前超选择性血管内栓塞对高血运脑膜瘤的疗效和临床意义。方法　在术前3～ 9d ,对 98例高血运脑膜瘤行DSA检查和微导管超选择栓塞肿瘤供血动脉 ,栓塞材料包括PVA颗粒、明胶海绵和真丝线段等。栓塞后行手术切除肿瘤。结果　高血运脑膜瘤主要由脑膜中动脉、咽升动脉、枕动脉、颌内动脉及副脑膜动脉供血。栓塞后 ,4 2例肿瘤染色在影像学上完全消失 ,5 6例肿瘤染色大部分或部分消失。绝大部分患者均在栓塞后的 3～ 9d进行了开颅手术切除肿瘤。全切除肿瘤 6 4例 ,术中平均出血 95 0ml;次全切除 34例 ,术中平均出血 15 0 0ml。结论　最佳手术时机是栓塞后 7～ 9d。高血运脑膜瘤的术前栓塞能明显减少术中出血 ,提高手术安全性及全切率 ,是一种安全、有效的微创方法。     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme     

改进的定位技术在胸部肿瘤穿刺活检中的应用

目的：探索CT-SIM三维定位系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引定位技术在胸部肿瘤经皮穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法：对380例胸部肿瘤患者行改进的CT定位技术下的经皮穿刺活检术。根据肿瘤的大小、深度、毗邻关系、活动度以及患者的心肺功能状态,综合运用CT-SIM系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,为患者进行穿刺前定位。统计穿刺定位时间长度、成功率、确诊率、并发症发生情况,并与210例采用传统铅栅定位下胸部肿瘤穿刺活检的相应资料进行比较。结果：采用改进的CT定位技术的380例患者穿刺定位精确,平均定位时间（9.5 min）较传统方法（16.8 min）缩短7.3 min,活检成功率和确诊率分别是98.7%和95.3%,高于传统定位方法的93.3%和83.3%,两者差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。穿刺并发症发生率相似,气胸发生率分别为2.8%和2.9%,咯血发生率分别为11%和12.8%。结论：根据患者状态及肿瘤特点,在CT-SIM系统快速精确定位技术的基础上,综合运用体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,能显著缩短经皮穿刺活检的定位时间,提高活检成功率。