医院感染控制系统化管理

目的 探讨医院感染控制的系统化管理方法，提高管理质量。方法 将医院感染控制纳入医院全面质量管理，实施持续质量改进活动。结果 增强了全体医务人员的感染控制意识，各项质量管理措施得以落实。结论 医院感染控制是保障患者安全，提高医疗质量的重要方面，管理人员应以医院感染的重点环节作为控制与管理的关键，实施全员参与，全员培训，以零缺陷为目标，不断降低感染发生率。     

医院感染系统化管理

为探讨医院感染控制与全面质量管理，本阐述了将医院感染控制纳入医院全面质量管理，不断的改进医院感染控制质量，以医院感染的重点环节作为控制与管理的关键，实施全员参与，全员培训，加强医德育教育，以零缺陷为目标，降低医院感染发病率。     

医疗消毒用品监控管理与展望

目的：探讨医疗消毒用品监控管理的有效方法，控制和减少医院感染的发生。方法：将医疗消毒用品纳入索证、备案、检验、认可、网络的管理模式，对医院使用的消毒用品质量管理实施有效监控。结果：医疗消毒用品质量的优劣是评价医疗服务质量、控制医源性感染能力的尺度。结论：通过对医疗消毒用品实行监控管理，以零缺陷为目标，是预防医院感染和医疗事故发生的关键所在。     

医疗质量"零缺陷"管理与病历质量管理

本文主要探讨医疗质量"零缺陷"管理模式下病历质量管理.实行医疗质量"零缺陷"管理模式,转变传统的病历质量管理,使每一个影响病历质量环节中的主体以最大的"诚信"来预防"缺陷",不断提高病历质量且追求病历管理的终极目标"零缺陷".     

质量保证管理对护理质量零缺陷的促进作用

<正>护理质量的零缺陷是21世纪医院质量管理的目标,也是医院发展的生命线。其中质量保证是管理的基础,质量控制是管理的手段。现代管理学家克劳斯比提出:"质量管理的标准就是零缺陷,是要求每一个人第一次把事情做对,提高质量的良方是     

科主任在医疗质量零缺陷管理中的作用

医疗质量零缺陷管理是医院质量管理的重要环节。其目的是减少医疗缺陷,最大限度地保障医疗安全。重点阐述了”零缺陷”管理在监控和处理医疗缺陷上的作用,分析了管理上存在的不足,并提出了今后的工作设想。     

医疗质量"零缺陷"管理与缺陷医疗管理

本文重点探讨了“零缺陷“管理在医院实际应用的每一个接触点上实施“零缺陷“的办法,重点对医护、医技、后勤与临床等的接触要点和如何质量控制进行了探讨,通过进行质量教育和各种规范的建立,以及对接触点质量的控制,使医院的服务质量管理取得了明显的成绩.     

医院感染管理

通过开展"医院管理年"和"医院等级评审"的活动,提高了医院感染管理质量,现报道如下. 1成立三级医院感染管理机构 由业务院长领导下的感染管理科,成立医院感染管理委员会,各科室成立了医院感染管理小组,形成医院感染管理三级机构.     

ISO导入下的疗养质量"零缺陷"管理

在疗养院推行ISO 9000族标准,同时结合疗养院行业特点,实施疗养质量"零缺陷"管理,明确其(疗养质量"零缺陷")认识定位和管理模式,确立其管理方针、目标、原则、方式及与疗养相关的各类服务过程.初步实践证明实施"零缺陷"管理是提升疗养"品质"的有效办法.     

医院感染的管理与控制

目的 探讨医院感染管理与控制的有效方法,以适应现代化医院医疗质量管理需求.方法 转变观念,提高防范技能,优化工作流程,制定切实可行的规章制度,保障信息畅通,不断改进工作方法,从各个层面提高医院感染管理水平.结果 各项医院感染管理制度与措施得以落实,有效地控制了医院感染.结论 采用现代化的管理手段,注重"过程管理"和质量持续改进,对提高医院感染管理水平,保障医疗安全具有重要意义.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.