青年人急性心肌梗死的冠状动脉造影改变

目的：研究青年人急性心肌梗死（AMI）的冠状动脉造影（CAG）改变。并探讨其病因。方法：26例40岁以下青年人AMI患者，在发病后4小时-4周内行选择性冠状动脉造影术（CAG），分析CAG结果，及其与冠心病危险因素的关系。结果：26例患者中5例（19％）CAG正常，21例（81％）共有29处冠状动脉病变，左前降支病变15例，左回旋支病变6例，右冠状动脉病变8例；其中单支病变14例（67％），双支病变6例（29%），三支病变1例（5%），冠状动脉病变患者多危险因素阳性，特别是吸烟（100%），且与受累血管范围呈正相关结论：青年人AMI病因仍以冠状动脉粥样硬化为主，冠状动脉痉挛次之。冠状动脉病变多单支受累，且以左前降支病变为多。吸烟是青年人冠心病最常见的危险因素。     

冠状动脉造影正常的急性心肌梗塞的临床分析

目的研究无明显冠状动脉狭窄的急性心肌梗死（Acute Myocardial Infarction AMI）患者的临床特点,并进一步探讨其发生机制。方法将398例首次AMI患者按冠状动脉造影（CAG）结果分为冠状动脉造影狭窄纽（直径狭窄程度≥50％）和冠状动脉造影正常纽（直径狭窄程度〈50％）,比较分析二纽的冠心病相关危险因素及临床情况。结果398例AMI患者中冠状动脉造影正常者31例,占心肌梗死患者的7．79％（31／398）。二组在糖尿病、高脂血症、高血压等方面差异无统计学意义。与冠状动脉造影狭窄组比较,冠状动脉造影正常组的AMI患者在少于40岁的比例（71．0％对46．5％p〈0．005）、吸烟（71．0％对56．5％p〈0．005）和有诱发因素（67．7％对25．9％p〈0．005）等方面的差异有统计学意义;住院期间左室射血分数（LVEF）≥50％的比例较高（70．1％对45．2％,P〈0．05）,而梗塞后心绞痛发生率较低（20．1％对40．3％,P〈0．05）。结论冠状动脉无明显狭窄的AMI患者心功能较好,在年轻人及吸烟者相对多见,常伴有诱发因素。     

青年人与老年人急性心肌梗死冠脉病变与临床的对比研究

目的：研究青年人急性心肌梗死（AMI）的临床及冠脉病变特点,探讨导致青年人AMI的可能因素,方法：对比分析AMI的危险因素,诱发因素,左室射分数,冠状动脉造影（CAG）结果,结果：45岁以下者29例（A组）与60岁以上者31例（B组）吸烟指数＞100者分别为72．4％,41．9％,饮酒指数＞150者分别为44．8％,16．1％,有冠心病阳性家族史者分别为41．3％,12．9％,有高血压史分别为20．7％,51．6％,（均P＜0．05）,有明确诱因者分别为79．3％,33．3％（P＜0．01）,冠状动脉造影冠脉正常,1支病变,双支病变,3支病变A组分别为24．1％,44．8％,10．3％,6．9％,B组分别为3．2％,16．9％,35．5％,45．2％,冠脉内有血栓者A,B组分别为27．6％,6．5％,左室射血分数（EF）＜50％者分别为13．8％,48．3％,结论：45岁以下AMI与吸烟,大量饮酒密切相关,其次为阳性家族史,其发病多有明确诱因,冠状动脉正常和单支病变较多,病变程度较轻,冠脉痉挛和血栓形成可能成为其重要原因。     

398例急性心肌梗死的临床分析

目的：研究急性心肌梗死（ AMI）患者的临床特点,并进一步探讨其发生机制。方法：将398例首次AMI患者按冠状动脉造影（ CAG）分为冠状动脉造影狭窄组和冠状动脉造影正常组,比较分析2组的冠心病相关危险因素及临床情况。结果：398例AMI患者中冠状动脉造影正常者31例,占心肌梗死患者的7．79％。2组在糖尿病、高脂血症、高血压等方面差异无统计学意义。冠状动脉造影正常组的AMI患者在少于40岁的比例（65．4％对41．3％p＜0．05）、吸烟（74．2％对39．9％p＜0．05）等方面的差异有统计学意义。结论：冠状动脉无明显狭窄的AMI患者心功能较好,在年轻人及吸烟者相对多见,常伴有诱发因素。     

中青年冠心病患者冠脉造影结果分析

目的：探讨中青年冠心病（CHD）患者冠状动脉造影（CAG）特点。方法：选年龄≤45岁的59例CHD患者，分为不稳定心绞痛（21例）和心肌梗死（38例）两组，分析并对比其冠脉病变的范围和程度，分析心肌梗死的临床与冠脉病变的对应关系。结果：冠脉损伤以左前降支单支病变最多占66.7％，冠脉重度狭窄者多占76.3％，但两组间比较无显著差异；有7例CAG未见异常占11.9％，2例系变异型心绞痛，5例系急性心肌梗死；仅有7例存在侧支循环。结论：中青年CHD患者冠脉病变以左前降支单支受累为主，狭窄程度重，部分患者CAG正常。     

青年急性心肌梗死临床分析

目的：通过对青年人心肌梗死的危险因素、临床特征、冠状动脉造影结果等进行分析,探讨青年人心肌梗死的特点,以便早期控制危险因素、预防和延缓冠心病和急性心梗的发生。方法：1999年3月-2009年3月我院收治青年心肌梗死患者（年龄≤45岁）61例,记录其危险因素、临床表现和冠状动脉造影结果,并对其进行分析。结果：61例青年人心肌梗死占同期收住我院489例心肌梗死患者的12．5％。男59例,女2例;年龄28～45岁,平均40．1±3．8岁。青年人心肌梗死的危险因素依次为吸烟（67．2％）、血脂增高（49．2．2％）、高血压（19．7％）、糖尿病（4．9％）,梗死部位以前壁、下壁梗为多（68．9％）。结论：青年人心肌梗死前驱症状少而轻。但发病过程急骤。吸烟、高血压病、高血脂症、糖尿病是青年人急性心肌梗死不可忽视的危险因素,梗死部位从心电图上看以单纯前壁、下壁为多,并发症以心律失常为多,总体预后较好。     

心电图正常的冠心病心绞痛患者冠状动脉造影特征分析

【目的】分析心电图正常的冠心病心绞痛患者的冠状动脉造影特点,以提高临床诊断技术。【方法】对本院120例心电图检查正常的冠心病心绞痛患者行冠脉动脉造影检查,分析其特点。【结果】冠脉动脉造影检查示患者均有不同程度的冠脉狭窄,其中,10例为单纯左主干狭窄病变占8．4％（10/120）;43例为单支血管病变,占35．8％（43/120）,以前降支者多见,占15．8％（19/120）;67例为2～3支血管病变,占55．8％（67/120）,前降支和右冠脉者占28．3％（34/120）。【结论】冠状动脉造影有助于冠心病心绞痛患者早期诊断,对于指导早期治疗具有较大的临床意义。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的冠状动脉造影分析

目的：探讨冠心病（CHD）合并2型糖尿病（TZDM）患者的冠状动脉造影特点。方法：从冠状动脉造影住院病例中选取585例（其中冠心病合并糖尿病283例,单纯冠心病302例）比较糖尿病与非糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的特点,包括病变程度、累及的血管数目。结果：与非糖尿病组比较,糖尿病组左回旋支（LCX）、右冠状动脉（RCA）发生病变的比例高于非糖尿病组（均P〈0．05）,且血管狭窄的程度较重（狭窄程度≥75％的比例为61．1％比52．3％）,3支血管均发生病变的比例显著增高（49．1％比40．1％,P〈0．01）。而单支病变比例低（13．0％比21．5％,P〈0．01）。结论：合并2型糖尿病患者与非糖尿病患者的冠状动脉造影表现的差异有统计学意义,前者冠状动脉病变的程度较重、受累的血管数目较多。     

心电图正常的冠心病患者冠状动脉造影特点

目的：探讨心电图正常的冠心病患者冠状动脉造影特点。方法：对280例静息心电图正常的冠心病患者的冠状动脉造影结果进行分析。结果：冠脉造影显示，3支血管病变者94例，占33．6％；2支血管病变者132例，占47．1％；2～3支血管病变者226例，占80．7％；单支血管病变者54例，占19．3％。结论：冠心病心绞痛患者冠脉2～3支血管病变者心电图正常，与血管狭窄部位相互对应有关；单支血管病变与狭窄程度较轻有关。对有心前区不适的患者，不能仅凭心电图轻易否定冠心病诊断，应尽早行冠脉造影，以便早期诊治。     

选择性DSA冠状动脉造影68例分析

报道68例选择性DSA冠状动脉造影X线表现。其中右冠优势型50例（75．8％），左冠优势型10例（15．2％），均衡型7例（9％）。冠心病36例（53％），共累及61支冠脉分支：单支病变17例（47．3％），双支病变13例（36％），三支病变6例（16．7％）。25例左心室造影：左心室运动功能正常20例，异常者5例，室壁病8例，二尖瓣返流7例。左室射血分数LVEF与冠状动脉狭窄程度和室壁病有明显关系。着重对冠心病冠状动脉造影诊断及其误漏的原因进行分析。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.