冠状动脉心肌桥造影特点及临床意义

目的　分析心肌桥在冠状动脉造影中的表现特征并探讨其临床意义。方法　对 870例选择性冠状动脉造影检出的冠状动脉心肌桥的患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 870例中共检出冠状动脉心肌桥 10例 ,发生率为 1.15 % ,其中 9例为左前降支心肌桥 ,1例在左回旋支 ,收缩期狭窄程度 >5 0 %的有 7例 ,均有心绞痛症状 ,心电图提示有 ST段下移及 T波改变等心肌缺血表现 ,2例合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 ,1例合并有心室壁肥厚 ,6例为单纯性心肌桥。结论　冠状动脉造影中心肌桥的检出率较低 ,冠状动脉心肌桥的存在可能导致缺血性心脏病 ,引起心肌缺血及相应心电图改变 ,临床上对有症状的心肌桥患者应当给予积极治疗。     

冠状动脉心肌桥及其临床意义

目的　探讨冠状动脉造影的病人中心肌桥的发生率及其临床意义。方法和结果　 2 557例行冠状动脉造影术的人群中 ,共检出心肌桥 1 7例 ,发生率为 0 665% ,均为左前降支心肌桥。收缩期狭窄程度 >50 %的有 1 4例 ,均有心绞痛症状 ,心电图提示有ST段移位、T波改变等心肌缺血表现 ;5例行心肌核素显像的病人提示有前壁心肌缺血。有 1例患者为陈旧前壁心肌梗塞 ,心肌桥于收缩期致 1 0 0 %血流阻断。 1 7例病人中有 3例左心室造影提示有室壁肥厚。结论　冠状动脉造影中的心肌桥现象并非罕见。心肌桥的存在可引起心肌缺血及相应的心电图、核素心肌显像缺血改变 ,严重的心肌桥压迫可引起心肌梗塞。     

冠状动脉心肌桥与缺血性心脏病

目的　探讨冠状动脉心肌桥 (心肌桥 )的特征和心肌桥与缺血性心脏病 (IHD)的关系。方法　回顾性分析接受冠状动脉造影的 2 398例患者 ,其中共检出心肌桥 2 2例。结果　心肌桥检出率为 0 92 % ;心肌桥最常出现在左前降支 ;心肌桥段冠状动脉收缩期狭窄是最主要征象 :心肌桥近段冠状动脉粥样硬化检出率为 5 4 5 % ;有心肌桥患者临床均表现出不同程度心绞痛和心肌梗死。结论　冠状动脉收缩期狭窄是心肌桥最主要征象 ;冠状动脉心肌桥可导致缺血性心脏病。     

35例心肌桥心电图的临床分析

目的探讨心肌桥的冠状动脉造影特点和心电图的变化。方法回顾性分析冠状动脉造影中35例心肌桥的临床表现及冠状动脉造影和心电图的特点。结果冠状动脉造影心肌桥的检出率为1％，均位于左前降支，其中1级狭窄5例，2级狭窄12例，3级狭窄18例，16例病人伴有冠状动脉粥样硬化样改变。金部病例均有临床症状，23例有心电图ST-T改变，运动试验阳性8例，可疑阳性5例，3例病人出现与相关心肌桥无关的下壁心肌梗死。16例病人随访0．5～3年，无1例发生与相关血管有关的急性心肌梗死、心源性猝死和急性心衰。结论冠状动脉心肌桥可能导致心肌缺血，引起心绞痛，但预后良好。     

冠状动脉造影时心肌桥的检出率及其临床意义

目的探讨冠状动脉造影时心肌桥的检出率及其临床意义。方法2655例接受冠状动脉造影的患者,根据造影显示冠状动脉管腔收缩期狭窄程度判定心肌桥,并根据收缩期狭窄程度分为3级。结果共检出69例心肌桥,检出率2.6%,部位均位于左前降支。其中1级狭窄59例(85.5%),2级狭窄9例(13.0%),3级狭窄1例(1.4%)。21例(30.4%)在心肌桥近端有粥样硬化病变,28例(40.6%)有不同程度的心绞痛。1例95%收缩期狭窄病例置入冠脉内支架,其他病例经药物治疗,临床症状消失。结论冠状动脉造影时收缩期狭窄是临床判定心肌桥的唯一依据。心肌桥可导致缺血性心脏事件,对于有缺血症状者应予适当治疗。     

冠状动脉心肌桥的临床表现及超声特点

目的　探讨冠状动脉心肌桥的临床意义及超声特点。方法和结果　对 32 16例冠状动脉造影中检出的 4 7例心肌桥患者进行回顾性分析。其中合并冠状动脉粥样硬化者 13例 ,瓣膜病 1例 ,肥厚性心肌病 3例 ,孤立性心肌桥 30例。孤立性心肌桥者中约 4 0 %临床表现为心肌缺血。与非缺血组相比 ,心肌缺血组收缩期狭窄程度更重 [(6 7 6± 15 4 ) %vs (4 9 9± 2 1 8) % ],左室重量亦更大[(2 15 6± 4 2 2 )gvs (178 7± 5 1 0 )g],E A比小于 1,P值均 <0 0 5。结论　冠状动脉心肌桥可引起心肌缺血 ,临床表现的不同与收缩期狭窄程度、左室重量、左室舒张功能有关。     

心肌桥心电图的临床分析（附35例报告）

目的　探讨心肌桥的冠状动脉造影特点和心电图的变化。方法　回顾性分析冠状动脉造中 35例心肌桥的临床表现及冠状动造影和心电图的特点。结果　冠状动脉造影心肌桥的检出率为 1% ,均位于左前降支 ,其中 1级狭窄 5例 ,2级狭窄 12例 ,3级狭窄 18例 ,16例病人伴有冠状动脉粥样硬化样改变。全部病例均有临床症状 ,11例伴有心电图ST -T改变 ,18例运动试验检查中阳性为 8例 ,可疑阳性 5例 ,3例病人出现与相关心肌桥无关的下壁心肌梗死。16例病人随访 6个月至 3年 ,无 1例发生与相关血管有关的急性心肌梗死 ,心源性猝死和急性心衰。结论　冠状动脉心肌桥可能导致心肌缺血 ,引起心绞痛 ,但预后良好。     

心肌桥患者~(99)Tc~m-MIBI运动负荷心肌血流灌注断层显像的特点

目的 总结和分析冠状动脉心肌桥患者99Tcm-MIBI运动负荷心肌血流灌注断层显像的特点.方法 回顾2003年至2009年经冠状动脉造影证实的冠状动脉心肌桥患者17例,分析其~(99)Tc~m-MIBI运动负荷心肌血流灌注断层显像放射性分布特点.结果 17例心肌桥患者中有12例患者出现异常心肌血流灌注断层影像.6例收缩期壁冠状动脉受压狭窄＜50%的患者中有2例患者出现异常心肌血流灌注断层影像,表现为可逆性缺损和反向再分布.4例收缩期壁冠状动脉受压狭窄50%～75%的患者中有3例患者出现异常心肌血流灌注断层影像,表现为可逆性缺损、部分可逆性缺损、固定缺损、反向再分布.7例收缩期壁冠状动脉受压狭窄75%～100%的患者心肌血流灌注断层影像异常率为100%,表现为可逆性缺损、部分可逆性缺损、固定缺损、反向再分布.结论 冠状动脉心肌桥患者可以导致心肌血流灌注断层显像异常.收缩期壁冠状动脉受压75%～100%心肌桥患者均出现异常心肌血流灌注断层显像.     

冠状动脉心肌桥的检出率及临床分析

目的:分析冠状动脉心肌桥的检出率及其临床特点。方法:回顾性分析冠状动脉造影检测出的53例心肌桥病例的临床资料。结果:冠状动脉造影发现心肌桥的检出率为3.29%(53/1610),心肌桥患者并发冠心病的发生率约为26.4%,孤立性心肌桥与心肌桥并发冠心病在传统的冠心病易患因素方面无统计学差异(P0.05),但在收缩期壁冠状动脉狭窄程度与心肌桥长度方面差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:经冠状动脉造影,心肌桥的检出率为3.29%,心肌桥患者心肌桥长度与收缩期壁冠状动脉狭窄程度可能是心肌桥并发冠心病的危险因素。     

冠状动脉造影检查对心肌桥的诊断价值

目的 探讨冠状动脉造影检查对心肌桥诊断的应用,研究心肌桥和冠状动脉粥样硬化的相关性.方法 收集1523例患者冠状动脉造影检查资料,分析心肌桥检出率,观察心肌桥的发生位置、壁冠状动脉收缩期狭窄程度、心肌桥血管合并粥样斑块的位置、斑块处管腔狭窄程度.结果 全部1523例患者中,201例患者检查结果正常,1225例患者检出粥样斑块,231例患者检出心肌桥.心肌桥检出率为15.2％,共检出心肌桥235处.心肌桥位置：右冠状动脉1处,左主干1处,旋支1处,对角支3处,左前降支229处,以左前降支中段多见,壁冠状动脉收缩期轻度狭窄为主.纯心肌桥97例.134例患者心肌桥血管合并粥样斑块144处,斑块位置：心肌桥近端111处,心肌桥段19处,心肌桥远端14处.心肌桥近端血管粥样硬化较心肌桥段、心肌桥远端发生率高,但粥样斑块的形成与壁冠状动脉收缩期的狭窄程度无显著相关（P＞0.05）.结论 心肌桥多见于左前降支中段血管,壁冠状动脉收缩期多为轻度狭窄,血管合并粥样硬化,多见于心肌桥前端,但粥样斑块的形成与壁冠状动脉收缩期狭窄程度无明显相关性.冠状动脉造影检查对心肌桥及心肌桥合并粥样硬化的诊断有重要价值.     

Clinical and angiographic profile and follow-up of myocardial bridges: a study of 21 cases

Myocardial bridging describes an angiographic entity, which is any degree of systolic narrowing of a coronary artery observed in at least one angiographic projection. Among the cineangiograms of 3200 patients reviewed, there were 21 cases (19 males) of myocardial bridges--incidence of 0.6 percent. Of these, seven had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, six had atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and remaining eight had no evidence of either. All 21 patients had myocardial bridges in proximal or mid left anterior descending coronary artery. In addition, one case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had whole posterior descending coronary artery under a myocardial bridge. Another case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had a short normal segment of 5 mm inside a long myocardial bridge of 35 mm (tandem myocardial bridges). The length of the bridges varied from 10 to 35 mm (mean 24.5 +/- 4.5 mm) and diameter stenosis during systole varied from 40-90 percent (mean 70 +/- 8%). Two patients had large saccular coronary aneurysms proximal to the muscle bridge. Four of the eight patients who had neither hypertrophic cardiomyopathy nor coronary artery disease presented with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction and three of them had regional wall motion abnormality of left descending territory. Of the six patients who had coronary artery disease, one had 60 percent left descending artery lesion and two had recanalized segments proximal to the bridge. Five of the above six patients had significant stenosis of other coronary vessels. Four patients were lost to follow-up (mean period 3.4 +/- 2 years). In the coronary artery disease group, one patient underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery for 3-vessel disease including graft to left descending artery and one developed inferior wall myocardial infarction. The patients in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group and "no hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-no coronary artery disease" group were free of events at last follow-up. Long-term prognosis of isolated myocardial bridges appears to be excellent. Degree of systolic narrowing or length of myocardial bridge does not correlate with event rates on follow-up.     

Myocardial bridge - congenital anomaly of coronary vasculature.

Coronary artery lumen compression during systole by a myocardial bridge can cause myocardial ischemia and even necrosis. Myocardial bridges represent a variant of norm or congenital anomaly of coronary vasculature. They belong to relatively frequent autopsy findings (5.4-85.7%) and are most often located over left anterior descending artery. Main angiographic sign of myocardial bridging is effect of contrast medium pushing out during narrowing of intramural part of a coronary artery during systole. In most cases systolic coronary artery narrowing not associated with any symptoms and bridging is just accidentally found at angiography. However some bridges produce clinical manifestations such as angina pectoris or myocardial infarction which require drug treatment. Therapy failures are managed by stenting or surgery. Under certain conditions systolic coronary artery narrowing can cause sudden death therefore all patients with clinically overt myocardial bridges should be under continuous medical surveillance. A case of clinically successful open heart supracoronary myotomy in a patient with myocardial ischemia due to a bridge causing 80% systolic narrowing of the left anterior descending coronary artery is presented.     

心肌桥临床特点分析

目的:观察分析心肌桥的临床特征,为临床上心肌桥的正确诊断与治疗提供参考。方法:采用选择性冠状动脉造影方法,检测心肌桥患者120例,男75例,女45例,年龄30~63岁。结果:120例具有胸闷,胸痛,心悸等症状。87例(72.5%)有不同程度的心电图异常;前降支肌桥114例(95%),回旋支肌桥6例(5%)。狭窄Ⅰ级:6例(5%),Ⅱ级:78例(65%),Ⅲ级:36例(30%)。120例中,药物治疗117例,置入支架3例。随访1年,大部分患者症状减轻,无恶化及死亡病例。结论:心肌桥并非罕见现象,随着年龄的增长可出现不同的临床症状,治疗应首选药物治疗。     

53例心肌桥的临床分析

目的:通过对53例心肌桥的临床资料进行分析,了解心肌桥的临床意义。方法:选择53例心肌桥患者以及50例冠脉造影阴性患者,对比分析两组病例的症状、体征、心电图、运动试验、冠脉造影资料。结果:与冠脉造影阴性组比较,心肌桥患者的胸闷、胸痛多见,心肌耗氧量增加时,症状加重(P均<0.05);心电图及运动试验阳性者更多(P<0.001),但心电图异常与桥血管狭窄程度没有明确关系;心肌桥多出现在左前降支(98.1%);心肌桥治疗方法目前主要以药物为主。结论:心肌桥是有病理意义的解剖异常,需要正确处理。     

211例冠状动脉心肌桥的血管造影特点及临床分析

目的：探讨冠状动脉造影人群中冠状动脉心肌桥的造影特点及治疗。方法：回顾性分析接受选择性冠状动脉造影1762例患者的临床资料。结果：在1762例行选择性冠状动脉造影人群中,发现心肌桥211例（12．0％）,其中202例（95．7％）发生于左前降支（LAD）,仅2例（0．9％）见于左回旋支（LCX）,7例（3．3％）见于右冠状动脉（RCA）;收缩期狭窄〈50％有79例（37．4％）,50％～75％的有106例（50．2％）,〉75％有26例（12．3％）;53例（25．1％）有典型心绞痛症状,29例（13．7％）为心肌梗死患者;所有患者均应用B受体阻滞剂或钙通道阻滞剂治疗,其中孤立性心肌桥患者140例（66．4％）患者症状明显改善;合并单支病变的35例（16．6％）,双支病变的13例（6．2％）患者,在行PCI术后给予口受体阻滞剂及钙通道阻滞剂治疗,患者症状明显改善。结论：心肌桥常见于于左前降支,部分有典型的心绞痛,无论是否对冠脉狭窄进行了PCI手术,钙离子拮抗剂及B受体阻滞剂均可缓解症状。     

Nonsymptomatic myocardial bridge causing systolic total narrowing of circumflex artery

Myocardial bridge is defined as the narrowing of any coronary artery segment in systole but a normal diameter in diastole. It is most frequently seen on left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Left circumflex artery (LCx) is very rare. A 62 year-old male patient presented with severe, squeezing chest pain. The electrocardiogram showed T wave inversion in V1–V4 and ST depression in DII, DIII, aVF. Coronary angiography showed complicated lesion on after S2 branches of LAD and myocardial bridge causing 100% systolic narrowing of fourth obtus marginal branch of LCx. Bare metal stent was placed to LAD lesions with no residual occlusion. The patient was discharged with beta-blocker therapy. He had no recurrent chest pain during six months of follow-up.     

Coronary myocardial bridge: an innocent bystander?

Myocardial bridge (MB) or tunneled coronary artery is an inborn abnormality, which implicates a systolic vessel compression with a persistent mid-late diastolic diameter reduction. Myocardial bridges are often observed during coronary angiography with an incidence of 0.5%-5.5%. The most involved coronary artery is the left anterior descending artery followed by the diagonal branches, the right coronary artery, and the left circumflex. The overall long-term prognosis is generally benign. However, several risk or precipitating factors (e.g., high heart rate, left ventricular hypertrophy, decreased peripheral vascular resistance) may trigger symptoms (most frequently angina). Herein, we describe two cases of symptomatic myocardial bridge, where medical treatment (i.e., inotropic negative drug) and coronary stenting were successfully utilized to treat this pathology. We also focus on the clinical presentation, and the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities to correctly manage this frequently observed congenital coronary abnormality, underlining the fact that in cases of typical angina symptoms without any significant coronary artery disease, MB should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis.