自体血回收技术在腹主动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的　探讨自体血液回收机在腹主动脉瘤手术中的应用。　方法　 8例腹主动脉瘤手术患者均在全麻下行人造血管置换术 ,手术开始即启用自体血液回输机回收血液 ,进行浓缩 -洗涤后回输给患者。　结果　 8例患者平均回收血量 2 90 4± 6 4 0ml,洗涤红细胞 115 0± 4 8ml,平均输入血浆代用品 15 6 0ml。 3例患者术中平均输异体血 4 0 0ml和血浆 2 0 0ml。术中血流动力学稳定。　结论　腹主动脉瘤手术中应用自体血液回收机回收自体血 ,可节约用血并防止因大量输库血引起的并发症     

自体血液回收技术在宫外孕大出血抢救中的应用

目的探讨应用自体血液回输技术抢救宫外孕失血性休克的安全性和效果。方法观察组40例急症宫外孕大出血病人,术中应用Cell Saver 5型自体血液回收机,收集体腔内的出血、积血,处理后回输给患者自身。随机选取2008年未采用血液回收技术的40例宫外孕患者作为对照组。比较两组病人出血量及输血量,术前、术后血常规及部分血液生化指标。结果观察组每例回收血量(1278±356)ml,回输浓缩红细胞(662±282)ml,全部患者术中术后未再输库血;两组术后PLT、血浆总蛋白(TP)较术前明显降低(P<0.05),TBIL、IBIL均较术前明显增高(P<0.05);对照组术中及术后每例输库血(720±225)ml。结论采用术中自体血液回输可节约血源,安全有效,能迅速达到输血目的,是一项值得推广的输血方法。     

用心内血回收器自制简便自体血回收装置

我科从 1 999年开始采用体外循环心内血回收器自制简便自体血回收装置 ,经 40例临床应用证明此装置安全可靠 ,操作简单 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　一般资料本组患者 40例 ,男 6例 ,女 34例 ,年龄 1 8～ 40岁 ,病种包括宫外孕破裂出血 2 8例 ,脾脏破裂 1 2例 ,出血至手术时间为2～ 1 2 h,术中均用此装置进行自体血回输。记录患者出血量、回收血量、尿量及尿颜色并留取回收血和术毕 2 4 h患者血测定游离血红蛋白的含量及进行血液培养 ,3d内复查血、尿常规。1 .2　血液回收装置及方法1用物准备 :西京 2 0 0型心内血回收器 1套 ,一次性无…     

回收式自体输血的临床研究

目的 :探讨术中自体血回收的安全性和效果。方法 :选择 5 2例择期手术病人 ,估计术中出血量大于 6 0 0ml,采用美国产CellSaver 5自动血液回收机收集术中出血 ,处理后回输 ;失血前、失血后、回输后 3个时点采血测血色素 (Hb)、血球压积(Hct)、电解质和血气分析。结果 :平均回收量 2 196± 6 2 0ml,平均洗涤量 5 172± 6 15ml,平均回输量 12 6 4± 4 18ml,其中 82 .7%(42 / 5 2 )未输库血 ;失血后与失血前、回输后与失血后比较Hb和Hct有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;K+ 回输前后变化显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血气无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :术中回收式自体输血安全有效 ,可以节约大量血源。     

控制性降压联合自体血回收在脊柱侧弯矫正术中的应用

目的:观察控制性降压(CH)联合自体血回收回输技术应用于脊柱侧弯矫正术的临床效果与安全性。方法:40例脊柱侧弯矫正术病人,随机分成观察组(G组)和对照组(D组),G组手术开始时用硝普钠行CH,维持MAP(65±5)mmHg,并应用自体血液回收机回收回输术野出血。D组常规麻醉。两组术中连续监测HR、MAP、中心静脉压(CVP);记录出血量、异体血输入量及手术时间,并分别于术前、术毕测定Hb、血细胞比容(Hct)及凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化的部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)和纤维蛋白原(FG)。结果:G组失血量(2150±215)ml显著低于D组(2650±265)ml(P<0.05),G组回输洗涤红细胞量(855±83)ml;G组输血量(950±215)ml显著低于D组(2210±345)ml(P<0.05)。两组Hct、Hb术毕较术前降低(P<0.05),两组PT、APTT在术毕均长于术前(P<0.05),而FG低于术前(P<0.05),但均在正常范围。结论:控制性降压联合自体血回收可安全用于脊柱侧弯矫正术,并明显减少术中出血量,术中配合自体血回收回输技术可减少异体输血。     

利用人工心肺机行自体血液回收的临床观察

目的探索自体血液回收的简便方法。方法利用人工心肺机单泵及贮血过滤配套装置将没有污染的胸、腹腔积血或手术切口渗血吸入贮血器,过滤并加入肝素后输入出血者体内。着重观察血液回收方法、抗凝、过滤及术后并发症等问题。结果观察组回收血量:550—6 200ml,平均(1 201.92±233.92)ml。观察组围术期输库存血量:0~800 ml,平均(292.3l±44.69)ml。而对照组使用库存血量600—3 000ml,平均(826.67±189.10)ml。观察组术后渗血量:50～680ml,平均(164.23±34.42)ml。与对照组无明显差别。观察组少数患者术后有一过性血红蛋白尿。观察组术后ACT均在正常范围。本组病例无术后脑栓塞并发症发生。结论 利用人工心肺机单泵及贮血过滤装置即可完成自体血液回收,该方法具有简单、经济、实用的优点,有一定推广应用价值。     

术中自体血回输对机体酸碱值、电解质及凝血的影响

目的观察术中自体血回输对患者血液酸碱值、电解质及凝血功能的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期手术病人26例,A组14例采用自体血回输技术,B组12例为对照组完全输注库血补充。结果A组回收原血(1488.4±392.7)ml,回输洗涤红细胞(746.2±21.6)ml,A组所有病例在术中均未输库血和血浆;节约用血19350ml,对照组出血量(1398.2±414.7)ml,输异体血(723.1±289.2)ml。两组输注后PH值均有下降趋势,但均在正常范围,对电解质、PT、APTT及ACT无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论术中自体血回输对患者血液酸碱值、电解质及凝血功能没有明显的影响。     

自体输血在妇科腹腔内大出血急诊手术中的应用

目的:探讨自体输血在妇科腹腔内大出血急诊手术中的应用价值。方法:在320例妇科腹腔内大出血急诊手术中采用国产血液回收机将腹腔内血液回收,经抗凝、滤过、清洗、红细胞浓缩后回输,测定术前、术后24小时静脉血,进行血常规、凝血功能、血液生化和血浆电解质检测。结果:320例腹腔失血量平均失血量1 450 ml;回收总量368 000 ml,平均每例回收1 150 ml,回收血量占出血量的79.31%;回输总量307 200 ml,平均每例回输960 ml,有58例输异体血,无输血反应、感染、血液回输良好;术后24小时Hb、RBC、HCT较术前比较(P<0.05),差异有显著意义;术后24小时凝血功能、血液生化和血浆电解质检测比较(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义。结论:妇科腹腔内大出血急诊手术中自体输血是安全有效的技术,可节约血源,减少异体输血量,避免并发症。     

血液稀释联合控制性降压对脑膜瘤手术中的血液保护作用

目的　探讨急性等容血液稀释法预先对脑膜瘤手术大出血进行血液保护的可行性。方法　患者在全麻诱导麻醉前 ,肘静脉采血 ( 10ml/kg) ,锁骨下静脉输液 ,术中微量泵输注硝普钠控制降压 ,桡动脉插管测压 (MAP) ,视手术出血量自体血回输及异体血输入。结果　稀降组患者 (n =3 0 )手术出血量 ( 12 3 1± 2 12 )ml,输自体血 ( 60 0± 2 0 0 )ml ,输异体血量 ( 890± 2 5 3 )ml ,术后Hb( 88± 2 .1)g/L ,Hct ( 3 0 1± 5 1) % ;对照组患者 (n =3 0 )手术出血量 ( 1695± 3 65 )ml,输异体血量( 13 5 8± 3 18)ml,术后Hb ( 90± 4 2 )g/L ,Hct ( 3 0 8± 6 9) %。两组手术出血量及输异体血量比较 ,差异均有非常显著性 (P<0 0 1)。两组术后Hb ,Hct比较 ,差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　血液稀释联合控制性降压对脑膜瘤手术大出血起到血液保护作用。     

急性等容血液稀释与术野血液回输用于颅脑血管手术的观察

目的 :了解急性等容血液稀释与术野血液回输用于颅脑血管手术时对血液动力学的影响及术后血红蛋白的变化。方法 :择期颅脑血管手术病人 36例 ,随机分成对照组 (1组 )、血液稀释降压组 (2组 )及术野血液回输组 (3组 ) ,比较三组病人血流动力学变化、出血量、输血量和术后血红蛋白。结果 :1、3组病人术中平均出血 (1180± 2 30 )ml,2组病人术中平均出血 (10 6 0± 115 )ml,比 1、3组出血量减少 11.3% ;2、3组病人自体血液回输后 ,平均输库血量 (30 5± 87)ml,与 1组平均输库血 (75 3± 186 )ml相比 ,减少了 130 %左右 ;2组血液稀释后 ,MAP虽有下降 ,但与 1、3组相比 ,血液动力学无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,术中实施控制性降压后 ,MAP比 1、3组下降 15～ 2 0mmHg ,组间比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。三组病人术后虽然仍有轻度贫血 ,但均在安全水平以上 ,组间比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :(1)急性等容血液稀释与术野血液回输可明显减少异体血的用量。 (2 )控制性降压能减少出血 ,并使术野清晰。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.