眼睑恶性肿瘤中P16蛋白的表达

①目的 探讨Ｐ１６蛋白在眼睑恶性肿瘤中的表达情况及其与眼睑恶性肿瘤发生、发展的关系。②方法 应用免疫组化ＳＡＢＣ法检测９６例常见眼睑恶性肿瘤的Ｐ１６蛋白。③结果 眼睑恶性肿瘤Ｐ１６蛋白阳性者均为细胞核染色,其中２８例基底细胞癌（ＢＣＣ）,１８例鳞状细胞癌（ＳＣＣ）,１３例睑板腺癌Ｐ１６蛋白呈阳性表达,阳性率分别为７０．００％,５４．５５％,５６．５２％,随肿瘤分化程度的降低,Ｐ１６蛋白阳性表达,阳     

眼睑恶性肿瘤P53基因的表达

1目的　探讨 P5 3基因突变与眼睑恶性肿瘤发生的关系及临床病理学意义。 2方法　采用微波处理免疫组化 L SAB法 ,检测了 10 2例眼睑恶性肿瘤组织中 P5 3基因的表达。 3结果　原位癌及浸润癌 P5 3基因的表达强于正常上皮、轻度不典型增生及中度不典型增生组织 (H c=2 4.45 ,P<0 .0 5 )。鳞状细胞癌 (SCC)中低分化型癌的 P5 3基因表达强于高、中分化型 (H c=7.12 ,P<0 .0 5 )。眼睑 SCC,基底细胞癌及睑板腺癌的表达率分别为5 0 .0 % ,5 6 .6 % ,5 8.8% ,明显高于正常上皮组织及不典型增生组织 (χ2 =16 .73～ 2 5 .5 9,P均 <0 .0 1)。4结论　 P5 3基因突变与眼睑恶性肿瘤发生相关     

Expression of CD44V6 and PCNA in squamous cell carcinomas

Objective To investigate the expression of cluster of differentiation 44 variant 6 (CD(44)V6) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in ocular squamous cell carcinomas. Methods Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemistry was used to explore the expression of CD(44V6)and PCNA in 35 cases of ocular squamous cell carcinomas, 20 cases of papillomas, and 11 cases of normal eyelid tissue.Results The CD(44V6)positive rate was 62.9% (22/35) in ocular squamous cell carcinomas, 15.0% (3/20) in papillomas, but not detectable in the 11 cases of normal eyelid tissue. The positive expression rates of CD(44V6)in ocular squamous cell carcinomas were significantly higher than in benign tumors （χ[2=11.57, P&lt;0.01）or control tissue (P=0.001), and the positive expression rates of CD(44V6)in metastasis were significantly higher than without metastasis （P=0.049）. PCNA labeling indexes (PI) in tumors with CD(44V6)expression were significantly higher than those without (t=20.21, P&lt;0.01). Conclusions Overexpression of CD(44V6)is correlated with the progress and metastasis of ocular squamous cell carcinomas. CD(44V6)protein positive staining is associated with high PI. CD(44V6)and PCNA are useful for evaluating prognosis.     

P16和Bcl-2蛋白在鼻咽部鳞状细胞癌的表达及相互关系

目的探讨多发性肿瘤拟制基因（P16）和B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病基因2（Bcl-2）在不同分期鼻咽部鳞状细胞癌组织及鼻咽部炎症组织中的表达情况。方法应用免疫组化SP二步法检测40例不同分期鼻咽部鳞状细胞癌组织和16例鼻咽部慢性炎症组织中P16及Bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果 P16蛋白在鼻咽部炎症组织中高表达,癌组织中低表达,P16的表达与鼻咽癌的临床分期无明显关系,有颈部淋巴结转移的鼻咽癌患者P16基因表达较无颈部淋巴结转移者低,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。Bcl-2蛋白在癌组织中高表达,炎症组织中低表达。结论 Bcl-2是在鼻咽部鳞状细胞癌组织中高表达的凋亡抑制基因,P16是鼻咽鳞状细胞癌中低表达的抑癌基因。     

子宫肉瘤和子宫肌瘤中bcl-2和bax蛋白的表达及意义

目的：研究凋亡调节蛋白bcl-2及bax在子宫肉瘤和子宫肌瘤中的表达及意义。方法：用免疫组织化学ABC法检测34份子宫平滑肌肉瘤标本（Ⅰ期18例,Ⅱ期1例,Ⅲ期8例,Ⅳ期7例）和34份子宫平滑肌瘤以及34份正常子宫肌层标本中的bcl-2及bax蛋白的表达。结果：子宫肌瘤中bcl-2表达强于子宫肉瘤和正常子宫肌层（P<0.01）,肉瘤中的表达强于正常子宫肌层（P<0.05）。正常子宫肌层中bax的表达强于子宫肌瘤和子宫肉瘤（P<0.01）,但bax在肌瘤和肉瘤之间的表达无显著性差异（P>0.05）。Ⅰ,Ⅱ期子宫肉瘤中bcl-2和bax蛋白表达均高于Ⅲ,Ⅳ期者（P<0.01）。bcl-2表达阳性的子宫肉瘤的预后好于bcl-2表达阴性者。结论：bcl-2和bax的表达失调在子宫肌瘤和子宫肉瘤的发病机制中起一定作用。bcl-2和bax主要在子宫肉瘤发生的早期起作用,bcl-2与肉瘤预后相关。     

The expression of P63 protein in some keratinocyte original tissues and cells

Objective： To examine the expression patterns of p63 in tissues of particular keratinocyte original hyperproliferate diseases and variety cell types for determining if P63 is the marker of proliferative potential keratinocytes. Methods： P63 protein was detected and analyzed by immunoreactivity method and Western blot in biopsy specimens of keratinocyte original disorders including squamous cell carcinomas SCC, basal cell carcinomas BCC, Bowen＇ s disease and other tissues or cells, such as psoriasis vulgaris, normal skin tissues, primary cultured keratinocytes, immortal HaCaT cells, and epidermoid carcinoma cells A431. Results： P63 protein was expressed in the nuclei of basal and suprabasal layer of the epidermis, germinative cells of sebaceous glands in normal epidermal. P63 was strongly and diffusely detected in the majority of tumor cells in BCC and poorly-differentiated SCC. In Bowen＇ s disease, p63 expresses are remarkable in all cell layers. In the psoriasis plaque epidermal, p63 expressed mainly in basal cells and part of spinous cells. P63 expressed more strongly in primary cultured keratinocytes than in A431 cells or HaCaT cells. Conclusion： P63 is a nuclei marker of undifferentiated keratinocytes with the proliferative potential and may disrupt the terminal differentiation. The overexpression of p63 reflects immaturity of the tumor cells. The immunohistochemical staining of p63 may be useful for investigating the origin and differentiation of tumor cells.[第一段]     

p16，Rb蛋白在子宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达

OBJECTIVE: To study the aberrant expression and coexpression of protein p16 and Rb in cervical squamous carcinomas, and to evaluate whether these alterations provide causative information. METHODS: The expressions of p16 and Rb protein were detected by treptavidin-peroxidase(S-P) immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: 1. The p16 protein expression was mainly found in cytoplasm. The positive rate in carcinoma, CIN and normal cervix were 43.1%(25/58), 62.5%(5/8) and 70%(14/20), respectively; the positive expression were decreased in lower grade and clinical advanced cases(P < 0.05). 2. The Rb protein expression was detected in nucleus. The positive rate of Rb protein were 37.9%(22/58), 75%(6/8) and 85(17/20) in tum. The difference of the expression of Rb protein between the cervical squamous carcinoma and the normal cervix was significant(P < 0.05). The positive expression were increased in lower grade cancers(P < 0.05), and decreased in advanced cases(P > 0.05). 3. The positive rates of p16 and Rb protein in cervical squamous carcinoma showed an inverse correlation (vs = -0.4301, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: 1. The abnormal p16 and Rbn expression might play an important role in the tumor genesis and the development of cervical squamous carcinoma. 2. Loss of function of both tumor suppressor genes may be an advanced event in cervical squamous carcinomas and might involve a bad prognosis.     

Hp感染与胃癌及癌前病变中Bcl-2、p16蛋白表达关系的研究

目的 :研究幽门螺杆菌 (Helicobacterpylori,Hp)感染 ,胃癌及癌前病变患者抑癌基因 p16和关键性凋亡调节基因Bcl- 2蛋白的表达 ,探讨Hp可能的致癌机制。方法 :应用免疫组化方法测定 86例Bcl- 2、p16蛋白表达情况 ,其中 2 0例胃癌组织、18例异型增生、12例肠上皮化生、2 4例萎缩性胃炎、12例浅表性胃炎 ,用快速尿素酶法和HE染色检测Hp感染情况。结果 :胃癌组Hp感染 12例 (12 / 2 0 ,6 0 % )。Bcl- 2在异型增生组织中的阳性表达率与胃癌、肠上皮化生相比无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。Hp阳性组肠上皮化生、异型增生组织中Bcl- 2的阳性表达率显著高于Hp阴性组 (P <0 0 5 )。p16在慢性胃炎中阳性表达率显著高于胃癌、肠上皮化生和异型增生 (P <0 0 5 )。Hp阳性萎缩性胃炎组织的p16阳性表达率低于Hp阴性组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :在胃癌发生的早期即存在p16基因表达低下 ,Bcl- 2蛋白表达增加 ,Hp可能作为促癌剂在胃癌的发生发展中起一定作用。     

p16,Rb蛋白在子宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达

目的 :研究抑癌基因在宫颈鳞癌中的作用。方法 :应用免疫组化SP法检测宫颈鳞癌中p16和Rb的蛋白表达。结果 :①p16蛋白的阳性反应主要在细胞浆 ,其阳性表达率随宫颈鳞癌的病理分级 (G1～G3 )和临床分期 (Ⅰ～Ⅲ )而递减 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;②Rb蛋白的阳性反应在细胞核 ,其阳性表达率随病理分级G1～G3 递增 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,随临床分期Ⅰ～Ⅲ递减 (P >0 .0 5 )。③p16和Rb蛋白的阳性表达率呈负相关 (r =- 0 .430 1,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :p16和Rb蛋白失活在宫颈鳞癌的发生发展中起重要作用 ,其共同失表达可能为晚期事件 ,与不良预后有关。     

食管癌和癌旁组织 P16 和 P53 的变化

采用免疫组织化学方法分析食管癌组织和癌旁组织中肿瘤抑制基因Ｐ１６的变化，并与肿瘤抑制基因Ｐ５３蛋白聚集的变化进行比较研究。结果：２２例食管鳞癌组织中，３例出现Ｐ１６蛋白的免疫阳性反应（１４％），此３例均为高分化鳞癌。在３例Ｐ１６免疫阳性组织中，２例同时出现Ｐ５３蛋白聚集的改变。２２例手术切除癌标本中的各级癌前病变均未出现Ｐ１６阳性反应。癌组织和癌旁上皮各级病变均出现较高的Ｐ５３蛋白改变。提示：肿瘤抑制基因Ｐ１６的变化可能主要发生在食管癌变的终末阶段，Ｐ１６与Ｐ５３有较高的一致性改变。     

Survivin基因在膀胱肿瘤中的表达及与bcl-2蛋白表达的关系

目的探讨Survivin基因和bcl-2蛋白在膀胱TCC中的表达及其与膀胱肿瘤生物学行为关系。方法采用逆转录PCR方法检测了16例正常膀胱组织、12例膀胱移行细胞乳头状瘤和59例膀胱TCC组织Survivin基因的表达,同时用免疫组化学方法(SABC)检测以上组织中bcl-2蛋白的表达,并将结果进行相关分析。结果59例膀胱TCC呈Survivin基因高表达,其表达阳性率为76.27%,而膀胱移行细胞乳头状瘤和正常组织则有16.67%(2/12)和0(0/16)的表达,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。bcl-2在膀胱肿瘤组织中表达偏低膀胱TCC中bcl-2的表达率为25.42%(15/59),膀胱移行细胞乳头状瘤和正常膀胱黏膜的表达率分别为8.33%(1/12)和0(0/16)。统计学显示,bcl-2蛋白的表达与Survivin基因的表达有相关性(χ2=6.3588;P<0.05)。Survivin基因和bcl-2蛋白的表达随肿瘤分化程度的降低和TNM分期的增加而增多,但无显著性差异。两种物质的表达与膀胱肿瘤其他生物学行为如发病情况和年龄因素无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论Survivin基因与膀胱TCC的发生有关,bcl-2和Survivn在抗细胞凋亡中关系密切。Survivin基因对膀胱TCC的早期诊断和靶向治疗有重要意义。     

The expression of P63 protein in some keratinocyte original tissues and cells

ObjectiveTo examine the expression patterns of p63 in tissues of particular keratinocyte original hyperproliferate diseases and variety cell types for determining if P63 is the marker of proliferative potential keratinocytes.MethodsP63 protein was detected and analyzed by immunoreactivity method and Western blot in biopsy specimens of keratinocyte original disorders including squamous cell carcinomas SCC, basal cell carcinomas BCC, Bowen's disease and other tissues or cells, such as psoriasis vulgaris, normal skin tissues, primary cultured keratinocytes, immortal HaCaT cells, and epidermoid carcinoma cells A431.ResultsP63 protein was expressed in the nuclei of basal and suprabasal layer of the epidermis, germinative cells of sebaceous glands in normal epidermal. P63 was strongly and diffusely detected in the majority of tumor cells in BCC and poorly-differentiated SCC. In Bowen's disease, p63 expresses are remarkable in all cell layers. In the psoriasis plaque epidermal, p63 expressed mainly in basal cells and part of spinous cells. P63 expressed more strongly in primary cultured keratinocytes than in A431 cells or HaCaT cells.ConclusionP63 is a nuclei marker of undifferentiated keratinocytes with the proliferative potential and may disrupt the terminal differentiation. The overexpression of p63 reflects immaturity of the tumor cells. The immunohistochemical staining of p63 may be useful for investigating the origin and differentiation of tumor cells.     

Telomerase expression in sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid

Background In humans telomerase is expressed in most cancers and immortal cell lines, and astivation of telomerase may play important roles in tumorigenesis and immortalization. This study was to investigate the roles of telomerase activity (TA) and human telomerase RNA (hTR) in sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.Methods The telomerase repeated amplification protocal (TRAP) was used to demonstrate telomerase activity in 12 cases of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid. In situ hybridization (ISH) was used to demonstrate the expression of hTR in 55 cases of paraffin-embedded sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid, and the results were compared with the proliferative index determined by Mib-1 immuno-labeling, histological patterns and recurrence of the tumor.Results Different telomerase activity was shown in the 12 cases of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid. The positive expression of hTR was 85.5% (47/55) in tumor cells, but not in the adjacent tissues. The positive expression of hTR was correlated with the proliferative activity (as assessed by Mib-1 immunolabelling, r=0.942, P&lt;0.001) and the differentiation of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid (χ2=17.621, P&lt;0.001), but not significantly related to tumor recurrence. The level of hTR expression increased with the decrease of differentiation of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.Conclusions The results suggest that the up-regulation of telomerase expression plays some roles in tarsal gland carcinogenesis, and the expression of hTR is a useful marker for malignant degree of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.     

COX-2、p53和c-myc在皮肤肿瘤中的表达及意义

目的利用组织芯片检测Cox-2、p53和c-myc在皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌和Bowen病中的表达,探讨它们在上述皮肤肿瘤发病中的意义。方法手工制作组织芯片,用免疫组织化学技术检测30例皮肤SCC,21例BCC,20例BD的石蜡包埋组织及10例正常皮肤组织中COX-2、p53和c-myc的表达。结果 COX-2蛋白在皮肤肿瘤组织中阳性率明显高于正常皮肤对照组,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;p53蛋白在皮肤肿瘤组织中阳性率高于正常皮肤对照组,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;c-myc蛋白在皮肤肿瘤组织中阳性率高于正常皮肤对照组,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;COX-2、p53和c-myc相互之间在所检测皮肤肿瘤中的表达无相关性（P均〉0.05）。结论组织芯片适合于样本量较大的研究。COX-2在皮肤SCC、BCC、BD中呈高表达,其与皮肤SCC、BCC、BD的发生关系密切。p53在皮肤SCC、BCC、BD中呈高表达,其与皮肤SCC、BCC、BD的发生关系密切。c-myc在皮肤SCC、BCC中呈高表达,与皮肤BD的发生无明显关系。三者均可作为判定上皮源性皮肤肿瘤恶性程度的一种标志。COX-2、p53和c-myc相互之间在所检测皮肤肿瘤中的表达水平无相关性,具体机制尚不清楚。     

Correlation and expression of COX-2 and P53 protein in basal cell carcinoma of eyelid

The correlation between the expression of COX-2 and p53 protein in basal cell carcinoma （BCC） of eyelid and apoptosis was investigated. Specimens of BCC were collected from 40 cases （aged 28-68 y） at the Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, and Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University during from 1999 to 2006. Five specimens of paracancerous tissues served as control group. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of COX-2 and p53 in the tissues. The average absorbance （A） and the average positive area rate of COX-2 and p53 protein were measured by image analysis. The positive area rate of COX-2 and p53 protein was analyzed by linear correlation analysis. It was found that COX-2 and p53 proteins were highly expressed in BCC of eyelid, and weakly expressed in paracancerous tissues. Image analysis revealed that the expression of COX-2 and p53 proteins in BCC of eyelid was sig- nificantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues （P〈0.01）. Spearman rank correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the expression of COX-2 and p53 （r=0.113, P=0.421）. It was concluded that COX-2 can increase the expression of p53 protein, therefore suppressing apoptosis.     

胃癌中COX-2基因的表达及其与Bcl-2和CyclinD1相关性研究

目的 研究胃癌中环氧合酶-2（cox-2）的表达情况和生物学意义，以及与Bcl-2和CyclinDl的相关性。方法 选择胃癌42例和浅表性胃炎24例，对COX-2、Bcl-2和Cyclin D1抗体行SP法免疫组化染色。结果42例胃癌标本中有31例COX-2阳性，24例中浅表性胃炎中5例弱阳性表达（P〈0．01）。CyclinD1和Bcl-2在胃癌中的阳性率分别为47．6％（20／42），50％（21／42）。COX-2和CyclinDl、Bcl-2表达呈正相关。Cox-2基因表达与年龄、性别、大小、组织学类型和浸润深度无关。但与肿瘤的淋巴结转移具有显著的相关性（P〈O．05）。结论 COX-2过表达可能通过对CyclinDl和Bcl-2表达的调控。抑制胃癌细胞凋亡，加速细胞增殖，促进胃癌的发生发展；COX-2过表达在肿瘤侵袭和转移过程中发挥着重要作用。     

Bcl-2蛋白表达与乳腺癌预后相关的病理参数的研究

目的：探讨Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在乳腺癌及良性乳腺病变中的表达,观察Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白与乳腺癌预后参数的关系。方法：采用免疫组化方法检测 ６９例浸润乳癌,４５例导管原位癌（ｄｕｃｔａｌｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕ,ＤＣＩＳ）,１５例正常乳腺组织,３８例乳腺良性增生病变中Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达。结果：Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在浸润乳癌,ＢＣＩＳ,乳腺良性增生病变以及正常乳腺组织阳性率分别为６５．２％,７５．６％,１００％,１００％。Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达与乳腺癌好的预后参数有关,如肿瘤体积小,低的组织学分级,ＥＲ、ＰＲ阳性,坏死出现少（Ｐ＜０．０１）,低ｐ５３蛋白表达（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与腋淋巴结浸润没有关系（Ｐ＞０．０５）。大部分乳腺癌表现 Ｂｃｌ－２＋／ｐ５３－表达表型,多属于高分化和中分化病例。而正常乳腺组织,良性增生病变中均为 Ｂｃｌ－２＋／ｐ５３－表达表型。结论：①Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在正常乳腺组织、良性增生病变的表达高于乳腺癌的表达。②Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达与好的乳腺癌预后因素有关。③Ｂｃｌ－２与ｐ５３两种基因蛋白负相关。     

喉癌及癌旁组织中P53蛋白的表达

应用枸橼酸－LSAB－微波免疫组化技术，用P53单克隆抗体检测了30例喉鳞癌、癌旁交界处及癌旁0．5、1．0、1．5、2．0cm处粘膜和4例正常喉粘膜中P53蛋白的表达。结果显示：①P53在喉癌组织中的阳性表达率为63．3％（19／30）；在癌旁交界处、癌旁0．5、1．0、1．5、2．0cm处的阳性表达率分别为60％（18／30）、36．7％（11／30）、10％（3／30）、0．0％（0／30）、0．0％（0／30）；4例正常喉粘膜中无阳性表达，其间差异显著（P＜0．01）。②P53蛋白阳性表达强度以喉癌组织中最强，随着远离肿瘤距离的增加，表达强度逐渐减弱。③P53蛋白的表达与喉癌部位、临床分期及肿瘤分级无关。结果提示：P53基因突变参与了喉癌的发生，P53过度表达是喉癌发生中的早期事件；距肿离0．5cm以内的癌旁组织，应视为危险区域。     

食管鳞状细胞癌癌旁异型增生组织多种抑癌基因表达的研究

为了研究食管癌前病变组织中多种抑癌基因表达状况，我们应用Ｐ５３，Ｐ１６和ｎｍ２３蛋白对７４例食管癌旁异型增生组织进行了检测。结果：Ｐ５３和Ｐ１６蛋白均随异型增生病理级别的升高而标记的阳性率升高，Ｉ级异型增生Ｐ１６阳性率与Ⅱ～Ⅲ级比较有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．００５），ｎｍ２３蛋白随异型增生病理级别的升高而标记阳性率下降，Ⅰ～Ⅱ级阳性率与Ⅲ级比较差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．００５）；Ｐ５３＋Ｐ１６＋ｎｍ２３阳性     

p16 gene expression in basal cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) develops predominantly in sun-exposed skin in fair-skinned individuals prone to sunburn. BCC typically occurs in adults. High exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases rate of developing BCC, a slowly growing tumor that occurs in hair-growing squamous epithelium and rarely metastasizes. In genetic studies, BCC patients have cell-cycle abnormalities of different parts of the signaling pathway. Retinoblastoma regulatory pathway is important in cell cycle arrest. In this pathway, p16INK4a, an inhibitor of Rb pathway, binds to CDK4 and CDK6 competitively with cyclin D1 to prevent phosphorylation of tumor suppressor pRB gene. Alteration of this pathway contributes to development of human cancers and also is effective in skin cancers. In this study, we analyzed mRNA expression using in situ RT-PCR and the role of immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4a in BCC. METHODS: Expression of p16 in ten samples of Iranian paraffin-embedded skin BCC were studied using in situ RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry on p16INK4a gene. RESULTS: Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining intensity of samples within tumor cells and normal skin tissue illustrates different mRNA and protein expression of p16 gene. mRNA of p16 gene and the expressed protein induce cell cycle proliferation and involve both tumor tissue as well as normal skin tissue. However, in this study it was found that there is significant protein and mRNA expression in BCC cells when compared to normal skin tissue (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: p16 gene is involved in the pathogenesis of human skin BCC in view of increased p16 mRNA and expressed protein within tumor cells.