长沙地区无偿献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染情况分析

目的 了解长沙地区无偿献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染(occult hepatitis B virus infection,OBI)流行情况,探讨HBV基因型分布特征和S区氨基酸突变的情况。方法 对长沙地区检测结果为HBsAg-/HBV DNA+的无偿献血血液样本进行HBV血清标志物检测,对其中的OBI样本进行HBV病毒载量检测和S区基因扩增,分析血清学标志物抗HBs与病毒载量检出与否的关系,并对扩增产物进行HBV基因分型和突变位点分析。结果 2019年1月—2020年1月长沙地区173 893份无偿献血标本共确认58例OBI样本,OBI流行率为0.033%;共发现7种血清学模式,抗HBc单独阳性最多,占38.98%,所有样本中抗HBc阳性率为89.83%;16例样本能检测出病毒载量,其中14例样本浓度小于100 IU/ml;抗HBs阳性组和阴性组间的病毒载量检出率无统计学差异;75.0%(12/16)样本扩增出S区序列,基因型均为B型,均发生突变,其中11例的HBsAg抗原决定簇及周边主要亲水区域(major hydrophilic region, MHR)发生氨基酸突变。结论 长沙地区无偿献血者中的OBI感染率在全国属于偏低水平;HBV基因型主要是B型,MHR区的氨基酸突变可能是造成OBI的原因,突变有本地特点。     

2372例慢性无症状HBV携带者血清HBVM模式的转变规律分析

目的 研究乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染血清标记物（HBVM）模式的转变规律。方法 对2372例无症状HBV携带进行了2－11年（平均4．14年）血清HBVM模式的随访，随访期内不用任何抗病毒药。结果 最初HBVM模式为HBsAg、HBeAg、抗－HBc均阳性（简称“大三阳”）和HBsAg、抗－HBe、抗－HBc均阳性（简称“小三阳”），随访终点时分别有62．1％和67．4％保持原模式不变；而最初模式为“大二阳”（HBsAg、HBeAg均阳性）、“小二阳”（HBsAg、抗－HBc均阳性）、“单抗－HBc阳性”（单项抗－HBc阳性，其余4项均阴性）、“单HBsAg阳性”（HBsAg阳性，其余4项均阴性），随访终点时保持原模式不变的比率较低（分别为39．3％、32．4％、8．7％、5．6％）。小三阳或小二阳随访期间仍可出现病毒复制（HBsAg阳转）。HBsAg、HBeAg平均每年阴转率分别为1．16％、7．1％，抗－HBs、抗－HBe平均每年阳转率分别为0．63％、4．8％；HBeAg阴转率明显高于HBsAg阴转率（P＜0．01）；抗－HBe阳转率明显高于抗－HBs转阳率（P＜0．01）。在随访期出现ALT升高468例（19．7％），其中160例（6．7％）表现为急性肝炎发作。结论 慢性无症状HBV携带长期随访中不同的血清HBVM模式可相互转换，并可出现肝炎活动。HBsAg自然阴转率和抗－HBs的自然阳转率均较低。     

乙型肝炎病毒核酸检测试剂临床应用的分析

目的 了解HBV/HCV/HIV联合核酸检测的临床应用.方法 使用Abbott Architecti2000化学发光检测盒对534份血浆样品进行血清学检测,Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqManHBV Test试剂定量检测分别与2种联合核酸检测结果 进行比较分析.结果 81份HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc 3项均阳性样品联合核酸检测均为HBV阳性,200份HBsAg阴性的样品中联合核酸检测试剂分别有11、19份检测为HBV阳性.HBV DNA定量检测>500 IU/ml的193份样品联合核酸检测试剂阳性符合率分别为96.9%、94.3%,117份样品<500 IU/ml阳性符合率分别为40.2%、45.3%,151份HBV DNA阴性样品联合试剂阴性符合率为99.3%、96.0%.结论 中国人群中存在一定比例低载量HBV携带者,联合核酸试剂作为献血员筛查的补充方法 在提高血液及其制品使用的安全性方面具有一定的临床使用意义.     

Adolescent booster with hepatitis B virus vaccines decreases HBV infection in high-risk adults

BackgroundNeutralizing antibodies (anti-HBs) after immunization with hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines against HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) wane after 10–15 years. We analyzed the effect of an adolescent booster given to vaccination-protected children born to mothers with different HBsAg-carrying status against HBV infection in their mature adulthood.MethodsA total of 9793 individuals, who were HBsAg-negative at childhood (baseline) and donated blood samples, both during childhood and adulthood, from the vaccination group in “Qidong Hepatitis B Intervention Study”, were enrolled. Among them 7414 received a one-dose, 10 μg-recombinant HBV vaccine booster at 10–14 years of age. At endpoint (23–28 years of age), we determined the HBV serological markers and quantified their serum HBV-DNA in each of the chronic HBV-infected adults.ResultsFifty-seven adults were identified as chronic HBV infection, indicated by HBsAg(+)&anti-HBc(+) for more than 6 months. The individuals who were born to HBsAg-positive mothers (high-risk adults) had significantly increased risk of developing chronic HBV infections in adulthood compared with those who were born to HBsAg-negative mothers; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 12.56, 95%CI:7.14–22.08. The seronegative status of anti-HBs at 10–11 years of age significantly increased the risk of HBV infections among the high-risk adults. When HBsAg(−)&anti-HBc(+) children who were born to HBsAg-positive mothers 70% of them remained as the status and 10% of them developed HBsAg(+)&anti-HBc(+). While when they were born to HBsAg-negative mothers 1.05% HBsAg(−)&anti-HBc(+) children developed HBsAg(+)&anti-HBc(+) and 24.74% of them remained as the status in 12–18 years. One dose of adolescent booster showed significant protection on high-risk adults from chronic HBV infection; P for trend was 0.015.ConclusionsMaternal HBsAg-positive status was an independent risk factor for vaccination-protected children to develop HBV breakthrough infection in adulthood. Adolescent boosters might be appropriate for high-risk individuals who were born to HBsAg-positive mothers when their serum anti-HBs < 10 mIU/ml.     

Occult Hepatitis B Infection in the Immigrant Population of Sicily, Italy

In Italy, about 7 % of the resident population is represented by immigrants originating from geographic regions at high endemicity for hepatitis B virus infection. This study aims to assess the prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI) including the identification of HBV-genotypes in a population of immigrants serologically negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Between May 2006 and May 2010, 339 immigrants were tested for markers of HBV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. HBV-DNA was tested by using nested-PCR assays on three different genetic region. HBV-DNA was detected in plasma samples of 11/339 (3.2 %) patients. Most of them had no serological markers of HBV infection, 3/58 (5.2 %) were anti-HBc-alone, and 4/13 (30.8 %) were anti-HIV positive. HIV positivity was the only factor independently associated with the higher probability of observing OBI (OR = 16.5, p < 0.001). No HCV co-infected patients were found. Genotype D was detected in 9/11 (81.8 %) OBI cases, while the remaining two (18.2 %) were classified as genotype E. Although OBI was found at lower rate than expected among immigrants from highly endemic countries, anti-HBc alone positivity was confirmed as a sentinel marker of occult HBV infection. Nevertheless, a marked heterogeneity of HBV markers was found among HBV-DNA positive subjects. Our finding evidenced the predominance of HBV-genotype D viral strains among OBI cases, also in those from geographical areas where overt HBV infections are mainly sustained by viral genotypes other than D.     

对四种国产乙型肝炎酶联免疫试剂盒的灵敏度和特异度分析

目的 比较4种国产乙型肝炎(乙肝)ELISA试剂盒的灵敏度和特异度.方法 取慢性乙肝患者和不合格献血员血液样本594份,应用4种国产乙肝ELISA试剂盒检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc,并与1种国外乙肝化学发光试剂盒(Abbott公司Architect)比较,对结果不一致的样本再用各试剂盒做双孔重复检测,对HBsAg 临界值附近的样本用Abbott HBsAg确证试剂盒(Architect HBsAg confirm)验证;以Abbott试剂盒(Architect)的检测结果为标准,计算4种国产ELISA试剂盒的灵敏度、特异度、总符合率和约登指数.然后用上述试剂盒榆测HBV 5项标志物的灵敏度参比品,比较不同试剂盒的灵敏度.结果与Abbott公司Architect试剂盒相比,国产HBsAgELISA试剂盒的灵敏度低4～10倍;抗-HBs、HBeag、抗.HBe和抗-HBc ELISA试剂盒的灵敏度低4～16倍;且有假阳性.HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc的总符合率分别为96.46%～98.15%、94.28%～98.15%、98.15%～99.49%、90.07%～96.30%、92.09%～96.80%.结论国产乙肝ELISA试剂盒的灵敏度和特异度有待进一步提高.     

Occupational risk of blood-borne viruses in healthcare workers: a 5-year surveillance program.

OBJECTIVE: This study presents the results of a 5-year surveillance program involving the prospective follow-up of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Veneto region of Italy exposed to blood-borne viruses. DESIGN: All HCWs who reported an occupational exposure to blood-borne infection joined the surveillance program. Both HCWs and patients were tested for viral markers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen [anti-HBs], antibody to hepatitis B core antigen [anti-HBc], antibody to hepatitis C virus [anti-HCV], HCV RNA, and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]) and had these markers plus transaminases assayed at 3, 6, and 12 months and then yearly thereafter. Moreover, a program of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prophylaxis was offered to those whose anti-HBs levels were less than 10 IU/mL. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred forty-five HCWs (156 women and 89 men) with a mean age of 37 (+/- 10) years who reported occupational exposure during the 5-year period. RESULTS: At the time of exposure, 1 HCW was positive for HBsAg (0.4%) and 2 were positive for HCV RNA (0.8%). Among the patients involved, 28 (11.4%) were positive for HBsAg, 68 (27.8%) were positive for HCV RNA, 6 (2.4%) were positive for HIV, and 147 (60.0%) were negative for all viral markers (4 patients were positive for both HCV and HIV). During the follow-up period after exposure (mean, 2.7 [+/- 1.6] years), there was no increase in transaminases or seroconversions to any of the viral markers. CONCLUSION: Our accurate postexposure follow-up revealed a lack of transmission of HBV, HCV, and HIV.     

Significance and anamnestic response in isolated hepatitis B core antibody-positive individuals 18 years after neonatal hepatitis B virus vaccination in Taiwan

Aim

To investigate the significance of isolated hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and to analyze the response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) booster vaccination in young adults with isolated anti-HBc who had been fully vaccinated with HBV vaccine as infants.

Materials and methods

We screened 1734 new university entrants who had been fully vaccinated against HBV in infancy for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and anti-HBc upon university entry. Results positive for isolated anti-HBc were reconfirmed by testing for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBc once more, and further evaluated for anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and HBV DNA status 6 months later. Students were also offered HBV booster vaccinations at that time. Geometric mean titers (GMT) of anti-HBs after one booster dose of HBV were compared between students with isolated anti-HBc and students with HBV naïve status.

Results

The overall prevalence of isolated anti-HBc in our student cohort was 1.2% (21 of 1734). No evidence of occult HBV infection was observed. A “booster” anamnestic response (anti-HBs titer ≥10 mIU/mL) was noted in 95% (20 of 21) of subjects with isolated anti-HBc. After re-measurement of anti-HBc, 13 (62%) of the 21 subjects with isolated anti-HBc were reclassified as having resolved HBV infection with a loss of anti-HBs. In the remaining 8 subjects (38%), isolated anti-HBc was determined to be false positive. The HBV status of these 8 subjects was HBV naïve due to the waning-off effect of anti-HBs of the neonatal HBV vaccination. There was no significant difference in anamnestic response to a single HBV booster dose of vaccine between students with isolated anti-HBc (n = 13) and those with HBV naïve (n = 323) status (GMT 50.6 vs 47.7 mIU/mL, P = 0.90).

Conclusion

The presence of isolated anti-HBc 18 years after HBV vaccination can be attributed to post-HBV infection with a loss of anti-HBs and to a decline in anti-HBs elicited by vaccine. A single HBV booster dose of vaccine is recommended for subjects with isolated anti-HBc who were fully vaccinated with HBV vaccine as infants. This finding needs to be replicated in further studies with larger cohorts.     

Prevalence,risk factors and evaluation of a screening strategy for chronic hepatitis C and B virus infections in healthy company employees

A cross-sectional study was carried out in employees of 17 Greek companies with the aim of assessing the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus, identifying associated prognostic/risk factors and evaluating the effectiveness of a questionnaire as a pre-screening tool. All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire and a random sample of them was asked to provide a blood sample for hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to hepatitis C (anti-HCV) testing. Individual questions or combinations of them were evaluated in terms of their ability to detect HBV or HCV(+) cases. Of 9085 eligible employees, 6074 (67%) completed the questionnaire. Of 990 samples obtained, 19.9% were anti-HBc(+), 2.6% HBsAg(+) and 0.5% anti-HCV(+). All anti-HCV(+) cases had multiple parenteral risk factors. Multiple logistic regression identified associations between anti-HBc and older age, family members with chronic hepatitis, job category and history of transfusion before 1992. HBsAg(+) was associated with older age and history of transfusion before 1992. None of the risk/prognostic factors had sufficient sensitivity and specificity for HBV but report of at least one risk factor identified all HCV(+) cases. Anti-HCV screening of those with at least two parenteral risk factors not only identified all anti-HCV(+) cases but also resulted in 86% decrease in the screening cost. Under the light of recent treatment advances, targeted questionnaire-based screening of asymptomatic people may prove to be a cost-effective way to face hepatitis C.     

Hepatitis-C and hepatitis-B co-infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus in Tehran, Iran

We carried out a study to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections in HIV positive patients at a main referral center for HIV/AIDS in Iran. Serum samples from 201 HIV positive patients referring to a referral center for HIV/AIDS were analyzed for the presence of some hepatitis B (HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs) and Hepatitis C (anti-HCV) markers, during 2004- 2005. HBsAg was positive in 27 patients (13.4%), anti-HBc was positive in 60 patients (29.8%) and anti-HBs in 23 patients (11.4%). Anti-HCV Ab was positive in 135 of 201 (67.2%). HBV and HCV coinfection was observed in 73 of 201 (36.3%). The maximum prevalence of HBV-HIV and HCV-HIV coinfections were seen in intravenous drug users; 61.2% and 85.1%, respectively (P<0.0001). The minimum prevalence of HBV-HIV and HCV-HIV were seen in HIV patients' wife (HIV(+) patients who were infected by monogamous sexual contact with their HIV positive husband) both of them were 8% (P<0.0001). This study showed that HBV-HIV and HCV-HIV coinfections are significant in patients with HIV/AIDS in Iran. A greater relevance was observed in the association between HCV and HIV. This study suggests that it is necessary to investigate risk factors and risk groups for these infections in Iran.     

HBeAg阴性的慢性HBV感染者乙肝病毒前C区G1896A变异分析

目的:了解HBeAg阴性的慢性HBV感染者乙肝病毒前C区G1896A变异情况,为临床乙肝诊治提供科学依据。方法:北京市海淀医院HBeAg阴性的慢性HBV感染者496例,其中HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者380例,非活动期HBV感染者196例,取血液及肝组织样本进行HBV血清学标志检测(HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc)、丙氨酸谷丙转移酶(ALT)、HBV DNA定量检测;HBV前C区G1896A变异检测;肝组织学检查;采用SPSS13.0软件进行数据分析。结果:两组患者血清中均检测到HBV DNA,其中HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者组检出率100%(296/296),平均值为4.90±1.49log10拷贝数/毫升,非活动期HBV感染者组检出率42.0%(84/200)平均值为3.22±0.59 log10拷贝数/毫升,两组比较HBV DNA载量差异有显著性;在HBV DNA载量>1000拷贝/ml的病例中HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎组的乙肝病毒存在前C区G1896A变异,发生率为83.8%(248/296),非活动期HBV感染组乙肝病毒前C区G1896A也存在变异,发生率为33.3%...     

肝癌家庭成员HBV、HCV感染的调查分析

目的：通过调查HCC家庭成员HBV、HCV感染状况,探讨HCC的发生与HBV、HCV感染的关系。方法：应用ELISA法和PCR法,分别检测了HCC病例与对照家庭成员血清中HBsAg,抗－HBs,HBeAg,抗－HBe,抗－HBc,抗－HCV 及HBV DNA。结果：病例组子女的HBsAg,抗－HBe,抗－HBc和HBV总感染率均高于对照组,具有统计学意义（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）;且病例组子女HBV DNA检测高于对照组（P＜0．05）,HBeAg和HBV DNA密切相关,HBeAg阳性血清HBV DNA检测均为阳性,抗－HCV在病例与对照组间均无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。进入条件Logistic回归方程中的因素为HBsA抗－HBc,其OR值分别为27．96和4．77。结论：HCC家内有HBV感染的聚集性倾向,HBsAg和抗－HBc两项标记,在HCC家庭成员乙肝感染中更具代表性,密切生活接触也是HBV感染传播途径之一,丙肝感染不占主要地位。     

住院精神病患者HBV与HCV感染状况调查

[目的]了解住院精神病患者HBV与HCV感染状况，为制订减少HBV、HCV在医院的传播措施提供依据。[方法]对2003年6月至2005年6月住人山东省精神卫生中心的3896例精神病患者，检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc、抗-HCV，抗-HCV阳性结果者再进行HCVRNA定量测定，并以4191名体检者为对照。[结果3nBV阳性率，3896例住院精神病患者为60．99％，4191名健康体检者为44．35％（P〈0．01）；HCV感染率住院精神病患者为0．82％，健康体检者为0．45％（P〈0．05）；HBV阳性率和HCV感染率，3108名精神分裂症患者分别为60．55％、0．80％，其他精神病患者分别为61．43％、0．89％（P〉0．05）。3896例精神病患者中，HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc阳性的占4．96％，HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc阳性的占4．70％，HBsAg、抗-HBc阳性的占3．99％，抗-HBs、抗-HBc阳性的占22．23％，抗-HBc阳性的占12．73％，抗-HBs、抗-HBe、抗-HBc阳性的占9．03％，抗-HBe、抗-HBc阳性的占3．31％，抗-HCV阳性的占0．77％，抗-HBs、抗-HCV阳性的和抗-HBc、抗-HCV阳性的各占0．03％。[结论]精神病人HBV、HCV感染率较高。     

天津市初一学生乙型肝炎疫苗免疫现状及加强免疫后记忆反应研究

目的 了解初中一年级学生(12～14岁)对出生时接种的乙肝疫苗免疫现状、感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)现状以及进行乙肝疫苗加强免疫的效果.方法 按整群分层后单纯随机抽样方法,根据Epi Info3.3.2软件计算样本量,依抗-HBs阳性率最低可接受度53%,计算其95%的可信限样本量至少为218名,而免疫现状检测的实际样本量为250名,加强免疫的实际样本量为236名;HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc IgG均采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测,试剂分别由Abbott公司、Diasorin公司和北京万泰药业科技公司生产;HBV DNA用荧光定量PCR法检测.结果 加强免疫前免疫现状:抗-HBs阳性率为62.80%(157/250),几何平均滴度(GMT)为73.79 IU/L;现时期HBV自然感染(HBsAg和抗-HBc IgG阳性)率为2.80%(7/250).加强免疫效果:抗-HBs阳性率94.92%(224/236),较加强免疫前明显提高,差别有统计学意义(x=73.92,P=0.00),GMT为521.15 IU/L,较加强免疫前有显著提高,差别有统计学意义(t=15.98,P=0.00);在加强免疫前抗体消失的人群(86名)中加强免疫后的抗-HBs阳转率为91.86%(79/86);对加强免疫1针次的11名无应答者行第2针加强后,有8名产生了抗体.结论 对初中一年级学生实施乙肝疫苗加强免疫可有效提高机体免疫水平,防止免疫记忆丧失.     

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C markers in adolescents in Southern Brazil

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers among adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years old, who are elementary school students in the city of Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The study involved a cross-sectional survey that included 418 volunteers, from March to July, 2008. Serology comprised HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV. Tests were performed using automated Microparticle Enzyme Immunosorbant Assay (Abbott, AxSYM System, Wiesbaden, Germany). The prevalence of HBsAg was found to be 0.2% (95%CI: 0.0-1.3), and the prevalence of anti-HBc was found to be 1.4% (95%CI: 0.5-3.1). Regarding anti-HBs, 48.6% had titers greater than 10UI/L. None of the volunteers presented reactive results for anti-HCV. This study showed a low prevalence of HBV and HCV markers of infection and a great number of volunteers immunized against HBV. Finally this study shows the importance of proper health campaigns and policies in reducing those prevalences.     

The first five years of universal hepatitis B vaccination in South Africa: evidence for elimination of HBsAg carriage in under 5-year-olds.

South Africa implemented a vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) into the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) in April 1995. The HBV vaccine is given at 6, 10, and 14 weeks, in parallel with OPV, DTP and Hib vaccines. This study assessed the impact of universal childhood HBV vaccination programme in reducing HBsAg carriage, in the first five years (1995--1999) since its implementation. In parallel, we investigated the current burden of HBV infection in mothers of vaccinees and the adult general population. A total of 598 babies (mean age=23.3 months) who received 3 doses of 1.5 microg/0.5 ml Hepaccine-B (Cheil) were recruited from the Northern Province (one of the nine provinces in South Africa). HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, HBeAg and anti-HBe were tested using the IMx or Axsym kits (Abbott Laboratories). PCR assays were performed following established protocols. The overall seroprotection rate (i.e. anti-HBs titre> or =10 mIU/ml) was 86.8% (519/598) in vaccinated babies, while 13.2% had anti-HBs levels<10 mIU/ml. Seroprotection rates and geometric mean titres (GMT) decreased significantly with increasing age, possibly reflecting waning anti-HBs titre over time. Total HBV exposure (positive for either HBsAg, anti-HBs, or anti-HBc) was 31.0% (58/187) in mothers of vaccinees and 40% (72/180) in the adult general population. HBsAg carrier rate was virtually similar in both groups (3.2% in mothers of vaccinees vs. 3.3% in the general population). Against this background, no vaccine failures resulting in HBsAg and HBV DNA positivity were seen in vaccinated babies, including 6 babies born to HBsAg positive carrier mothers (one carrier mother was positive for HBeAg and HBV DNA). However, 0.9% (5/582) babies, aged between 8--11 months, tested positive for anti-HBc, all of whom had anti-HBs titres>10 mIU/ml and were negative for HBV DNA. Anti-HBc positivity was probably maternal in origin, or may represent sub-clinical averted HBV infections. It can be concluded that the HBV vaccine is highly effective within the framework of the South African EPI and already shows a positive impact in the elimination of HBsAg carrier rate in children<5 years.     

深圳市儿童乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查分析

目的探讨深圳市儿童乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)流行现状及乙肝疫苗应用效果。方法采用多阶段整群系统随机抽样方法抽取调查户,对深圳市1～14岁常住人口进行问卷调查并采血检测HBsAg、抗-HBs及抗-HBc。采用Epidata 3.2软件建立调查数据库,利用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据处理分析,两组之间率比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果调查1～14岁儿童1 653人,HBsAg阳性率2.06%,抗-HBs阳性率74.53%,抗-HBc阳性率5.32%,HBV感染率9.62%。有乙肝疫苗免疫史儿童1 349人,HBsAg阳性率1.85%、抗-HBs阳性率75.02%、抗-HBc阳性率4.60%及HBV感染率5.41%;无乙肝疫苗免疫史儿童92人,HBsAg阳性率4.35%、抗-HBs阳性率68.48%、抗-HBc阳性率10.87%及HBV感染率73.91%;有无乙肝疫苗免疫史儿童HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义,抗-HBc阳性率、HBV感染率差异有统计学意义,(χ2=7.14、457.83,P均<0.01)。乙肝疫苗免疫3年以内儿童601人,其中HBsAg阳性率为0、抗-HBs阳性率73.71%、抗-HBc阳性率2.0%、HBV感染率2.0%;免疫7～9年183人,其中HBsAg阳性率5.46%、抗-HBs阳性率79.23%、抗-HBc阳性率8.74%、HBV感染率11.48%。乙肝疫苗不同免疫年限儿童抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义,HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率、HBV感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.53、36.88、43.75,P均<0.01)。结论持续保持较高的乙肝疫苗接种率,可以有效降低乙肝流行率。研究和推行乙肝疫苗加强免疫策略也是乙肝防治工作重点之一。     

山西省原发性肝癌丙型肝炎病毒、乙型肝炎病毒感染状况分析

目的　探讨山西地区原发性肝癌（ＰＨＣ） 中丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ） 和乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ） 感染状况。方法　选择以山西省肿瘤医院为主的省级４ 所医院ＰＨＣ患者９８ 例,检测抗－ＨＣＶ、ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗－ ＨＢｓ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、抗－ ＨＢｅ、抗－ ＨＢｃ、抗－ ＨＢｃＩｇＭ 等指标,均采用ＥＬＩＳＡ 法进行测定。结果　ＰＨＣ 组抗－ ＨＣＶ 阳性率８．１６ ％ ,ＨＢＶ 感染率６８ ．３７％ ,均显著高于对照组的阳性率（ Ｐ＜０ ．０５） 。两者的病因分值（ＡＲＰ） 分别为９４％ 和９１ ％ 。经１∶２ 条件ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ 多元回归分析,抗－ ＨＣＶ、ＨＢｓＡｇ 和抗－ ＨＢｃ 均作为独立的危险因素进入了回归方程,其ＯＲ值分别为５５ ．０６、１０ ．１８ 和９．８５ 。叉生分析结果表明,抗－ ＨＣＶ和ＨＢｓＡｇ 双阳性的ＯＲ值为６１ ．３７,较两指标单一阳性的ＯＲ值明显为高,亦高于两者单独阳性的ＯＲ值之和。结论　ＨＣＶ 和ＨＢＶ 感染均是ＰＨＣ发生的主要病原学因素。ＨＣＶ感染在致肝癌作用中,是当地不可忽视的重要因素,ＨＢＶ 仍是肝癌发生的主要因素。ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ双重感染对肝癌的发生具有协同作用。     

Presence of immune memory and immunity to hepatitis B virus in adults after neonatal hepatitis B vaccination

Neonatal vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was launched in the 1980s in Qidong, China, where HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma were highly prevalent. Presence of immune memory and immunity against HBV in adults needs to be clarified. From a cohort of 806 who received plasma-derived Hep-B-Vax as neonates and were consecutively followed at ages 5, 10, and 20 years, 402 twenty-four-year-old adults were recruited for booster test. Among them 4 (1%) were found to be HBsAg(+), 27 (6.7%) were HBsAg(−)anti-HBc(+), 121 (30.2%) were HBsAg(−)anti-HBc(−)anti-HBs(+), and 252 (62.4%) were HBsAg(−)anti-HBc(−)anti-HBs(−). Of them, 141 subjects with HBsAg(−)anti-HBc(−) were boosted with 10-μg recombinant HBV vaccine on day-0 and 1-month. The conversion rates of anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/ml on D10-12 and 1-month post-booster were 71.4% and 87.3% respectively in the vaccinees who were anti-HBs(+) at age 5, higher than in those who were anti-HBs(−) at age 5, 57.5% and 80.0% respectively, but no statistically significant. After the second dose of booster, all subjects with anti-HBs(+) at age 5 had anti-HBs >500 mIU/ml. However, 6/40 subjects, with anti-HBs(−) at age 5, had anti-HBs <10 mIU/ml, geometric mean concentration was 3.6 (95% CI 2.0-7.7). Of the subjects received booster, 44 subjects were determined the presence of T cell immunity on D10-12, 41 had HBsAg-specific T cells detectable, including 7/10 subjects whose anti-HBs were <10 mIU/ml 10-12 days post-booster. Among 27 HBsAg(−)anti-HBc(+) subjects, 19 had detectable serum HBV-DNA, and an “a” epitope mutation was found in 1/5 HBV isolates. One subject who was anti-HBc(+) at age 20 converted into HBsAg(+) 4 years later. The adults received neonatal HBV vaccination had immune memory and immunity against HBV infection. However, 31.9% of neonatal HBV vaccinees who responded weakly at an early age might be susceptible to HBV infection after childhood.