原发于涎腺的非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床分析

目的探讨原发于涎腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）的临床、病理特点,治疗方法和预后。方法18例原发于涎腺的非霍奇金淋巴瘤经术后病理证实。术后放射治疗15例,单纯放疗10例,放疗加化疗5例,单纯化疗2例,未治疗1例。放射治疗剂量为40-55Gy（1．8—2．0Gy／次,5次／周）,化疗采用CHOP方案1—4周期。结果5年生存率76．0％,10年生存率60．2％,2例患者死于远处转移。结论涎腺NHL以低度恶性淋巴瘤多见,术后放射治疗为主的局部治疗有较好效果。早、中期患者宜采用放射治疗,晚期患者以放疗加化疗为宜。     

30例原发于眼眶恶性淋巴瘤的放疗疗效

目的:分析原发于眼眶恶性淋巴瘤的放射治疗方法.方法:30例原发于眼眶恶性淋巴瘤均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤.Ann-Arbor分期:Ⅰ a期21例,Ⅱa期9例.放射治疗剂量30～58Gy,3～6周.结果:1、3、5年局部控制率分别为96.7%、93.3%和90.0%.随诊3、5、10年生存率分别为100%、93.30%和76.7%,5例疾病进展.结论:局部放射治疗是原发于眼眶恶性淋巴瘤有效的治疗方法,放射治疗剂量为34～45Gy,3.5～4.5周;低度恶性放射剂量为30～35Gy,不需行淋巴引流区预防照射.对恶性程度高及有外侵犯者应辅加化疗.     

脑原发淋巴瘤8例综合治疗分析

目的分析脑原发淋巴瘤的临床特点,探讨其治疗方式。方法8例脑原发淋巴瘤中7例行手术切除,1例行立体定向活检。8例均行放射治疗,1例接受γ刀治疗,7例6MV X线常规分割照射,全脑照射30～46 Gy,病灶区剂量40～56 Gy。6例接受了化疗,行CHOP方案4例,大剂量甲氨蝶呤(MTX)为主的化疗2例,鞘注MTX 3例。结果患者近期疗效好,全组生存时间为8～47个月,中位生存期19个月。1、3年生存率分别为75.0%和31.3%。加化疗未延长生存期,予MTX化疗者生存时间较长。结论脑原发淋巴瘤预后差,全脑放疗为主要治疗方式之一,放疗与MTX为主的化疗方案的综合治疗有可能提高疗效。     

原发眶内恶性淋巴瘤的临床治疗分析

目的分析眶内原发的恶性淋巴瘤的临床治疗方法.方法 30例原发眶内的非何杰金氏淋巴瘤,Ann-Arbor分期,ⅠA22例,Ⅱ A8例,放疗剂量40～60Gy/4～6周.放疗前均经手术病理证实.结果 1、3、5年局部控制率100%、100%和93%;3、5、10年生存率分别为100%、93%和70%.结论原发眶内的恶性淋巴瘤(主要是非何杰金氏淋巴瘤)主要是以放射治疗为主,推荐剂量为40～60Gy/4～6周对恶性程度较高者,配合以化疗.     

原发乳腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤6例临床分析

目的 分析原发乳腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床特点,探讨诊断、分期和治疗方法及其预后的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析6例原发乳腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床资料。6例病例均获随访,均于手术局部切除后辅助化疗和（或）放疗。结果 6例的中位生存期为53．5个月,均无瘤生存。结论 与原发乳腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后密切相关的因素依次是临床分期、病理类型和原发肿瘤大小、对原发乳腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤行综合治疗,可取得满意疗效。     

鼻腔非霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗与预后分析

目的：分析鼻腔非霍奇金淋巴瘤的预后因素。方法：自1991年11月至2001年4月该院治疗90例I，Ⅱ期鼻腔非霍奇金淋巴瘤，LDH异常10例，正常89例，有全身症状32例；12例行颈部预防照射。鼻腔靶区中位剂量54.4Gy(20.0Gy-69.5Gy)。全组1例手术后行放，化疗，1例行单纯化疗，6例单纯放疗，其余行放，化疗。放疗前，中，后行COP，COMP，CHOP，BACOP方案化疗2－8个疗程。结果：该组病例中位生存期为70个月，5个生存率为66．2％。单因素及多因素分析结果显示肿瘤局部侵犯范围，LDH异常，有全身症状及分期对生存率和远处侵犯率有显著影响（P＜0．01）。结论：肿瘤局部分犯范围，LDH异常，有全身症状及分期是影响鼻腔非霍奇金淋巴瘤生产率及远处侵犯的主要因素。I期不必行颈部预防照射。     

Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期原发于头颈部非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后因素分析

目的:分析影响Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期原发于头颈部非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后因素,寻求合理的治疗方案.方法:1994年6月至2000年6月共收治Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期原发于头颈部非霍奇金淋巴瘤54例,分别采用单纯放疗,放疗+化疗和单纯化疗.放疗多采用局部野或局部扩大野照射,原发部位DT50Gy～55Gy,邻近一站淋巴结区预防剂量DT45Gy.化疗用CHOP方案,化疗4～6周期.结果:全组5年生存率为64%,其中Ⅰ期为75%,Ⅱ期为47%(P＜0.05).低度恶性、中度恶性、高度恶性患者5年生存率分别为70%、54%、39%,其中低度恶性组5年生存率明显高于高度恶性组(P＜0.05).放疗+化疗组5年生存率69%,明显高于其它二组(P＜0.05).单纯放疗及放疗+化疗治疗后局部控制率达92%,明显高于单纯化疗组(P＜0.05).单纯化疗组治疗后局部复发率较高,达37.5%.结论:临床分期、病理类型及治疗方法是影响其预后的主要因素.单纯化疗组治疗后局部复发率较高,提示放疗在早期非霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗中还是占有比较重要的地位,不能用单纯化疗取代放疗,有计划的放疗+化疗是提高局部控制率和生存率的关键.     

Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期原发于头颈部非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后因素分析

目的:分析影响Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期原发于头颈部非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后因素,寻求合理的治疗方案。方法:1994年6月至2000年6月共收治Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期原发于头颈部非霍奇金淋巴瘤54例,分别采用单纯放疗,放疗 化疗和单纯化疗。放疗多采用局部野或局部扩大野照射,原发部位DT50Gy~55Gy,邻近一站淋巴结区预防剂量DT45Gy。化疗用CHOP方案,化疗4~6周期。结果:全组5年生存率为64%,其中Ⅰ期为75%,Ⅱ期为47%(P<0.05)。低度恶性、中度恶性、高度恶性患者5年生存率分别为70%、54%、39%,其中低度恶性组5年生存率明显高于高度恶性组(P<0.05)。放疗 化疗组5年生存率69%,明显高于其它二组(P<0.05)。单纯放疗及放疗 化疗治疗后局部控制率达92%,明显高于单纯化疗组(P<0.05)。单纯化疗组治疗后局部复发率较高,达37.5%。结论:临床分期、病理类型及治疗方法是影响其预后的主要因素。单纯化疗组治疗后局部复发率较高,提示放疗在早期非霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗中还是占有比较重要的地位,不能用单纯化疗取代放疗,有计划的放疗 化疗是提高局部控制率和生存率的关键。     

四种方法治疗鼻腔非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效比较

 目的 评价化疗、放疗、放疗加化疗及自体外周血干细胞移植（APBSCT）联合全身照射（TBI）4种治疗方法对原发鼻腔的非霍奇金淋巴瘤（N-NHL）的疗效。方法 1980年至2000年间我院收治的原发鼻腔非霍奇金淋巴瘤（N-NHL）138例进行回顾分析。放射治疗：主野鼻前"凸"字野,辅单或双侧耳前野,累及口咽者先用面颈联合野。鼻腔靶区中位剂量56.0（35.2～75.5）Gy。化疗：放射治疗前、中、后或单纯化疗,方案为COP,COPP,COMP,CHOP,COBDP。6例为APBST联合 TBI 。TBI组剂量为6MV X 线8 Gy,有两例原发灶加量30 Gy。结果 单化组、单放组、放疗加化疗组及APBST联合 TBI组局部控制率分别为12 %,69 %,76 %,83 %;5年总生存率分别为9 %,52 %,63 %,83 %。APBSCT联合TBI组生存率优于放疗加化疗组,而放疗加化疗组优于单放组,单放组优于单化组（P＜0.05）。结论 放化疗结合的治疗应成为N-NHL的主要治疗方法,而APBSCT联合TBI取得了更好的疗效。     

原发骨非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床分析

目的:探讨原发骨非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后.方法:选择1970年11月～2003年2月我院收治的21例原发于骨的非霍奇金淋巴瘤,其中Ⅰ期14例(66.7%),Ⅱ期2例(9.5%),Ⅳ期5例(23.8%).弥漫性大B细胞型12例(57.1%),混合细胞型4例(19.0%),小淋巴细胞型1例(4.8%),T细胞型1例(4.8%),未分型3例(14.3%).采用单纯放疗6例(28.6%),放疗和化疗综合治疗15例(71.4%).结果:中位随访86个月,2例(95%)局部复发,9例(42.9%)出现远处受侵,3年、5年、10年无进展生存率分别为56.7%、38.9%、29.1%;3年、5年、10年总生存率分别为69.1%、42.2%、42.2%.结论:原发于骨的非霍奇金淋巴瘤首选放疗和化疗的综合治疗;放疗剂量推荐45Gy～46Gy.     

14例原发性鼻窦非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床分析

背景与目的:原发性鼻窦非霍奇金淋巴瘤(primary paranasal sinus lymphoma,PPSL)临床上较罕见,其生物学行为较独特.本文总结和分析PPSL的临床病理特点和治疗情况,以期增加对此病的认识.方法:回顾性分析1994～2006年中山大学肿瘤防治中心收治的14例PPSL,分析其临床和病理特点、治疗经过和随访结果.结果:14例中原发于上颌窦者11例,筛窦2例,蝶窦1例.根据淋巴瘤Ann Arbor分期,所有患者均为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期.根据美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)的鼻窦实体瘤TNM分期标准,大部分患者(11/14)属于局部晚期T3～T4.病理类型:B细胞性12例(85.7%),其中弥漫大B细胞性占42.9%(6例);T细胞性1例,非B非T细胞性1例.2例接受上颌窦根治术,12例为肿物切除或活检;14例全部接受化疗,6例化疗后接受局部放疗.中位生存期59.5个月,全组5年总生存率和无事件生存率均为78.6%.结论:PPSL发病部位以上颌窦多见,病理类型以B细胞性为主,其中弥漫大B细胞性最常见,肿瘤局部侵犯广泛为其重要特征;采用全身化疗和局部放疗联合治疗,患者总体预后相对较好.     

Primary gastric malignant lymphoma--analysis of 40 patients

This paper reports 40 patients with primary gastric malignant lymphoma as proved by pathology and treated in our hospital from October 1958 to December 1984. There were 20 males and 20 females, including 3 Hodgkin's disease and 37 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The patients were treated by surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy separately or combined. In this series, the 5 and 10 year survival rates were 48.6% and 47.6%. The combination of surgery with postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy gave better results. In postoperative radiation to the whole abdomen, the tissue dose should not be less than 30-35 Gy. The incidence, diagnosis, clinical staging and the indication of primary gastric malignant lymphoma are discussed with a review of literature.     

Stage III-IV sinonasal and nasal cavity carcinoma treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To report the dosimetric data and clinical outcomes of patients with advanced neoplasm of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, treated by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2005, 31 consecutive patients were treated for locally advanced tumors of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. The primary tumor was located as follows: maxillary sinus 15 (48.4%); ethmoid sinus 10 (32.3%); nasal cavity 6 (19.3%). The patients were separated in two groups according to the modality of treatment: group A included 21 patients treated with postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy; group B included 10 patients treated with radical three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. The median radiation dose to the planning target volume was 60 Gy (range, 56-63) for patients who underwent complete surgical resection and 68 Gy (range, 64-70) for those who did not have tumor resection or patients with residual disease. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 42 months. Five-year local tumor control and overall survival actuarial rates were 74% and 72%, respectively, in the postoperative setting, 20% and 25%, respectively, with the primary radiotherapy. Local recurrence was the most common site of failure. No patient developed radio-induced blindness; 4 patients underwent enucleation as part of radical surgery. Dosimetric data are reported. CONCLUSIONS: The local control rate for these tumors remains low. The prognosis depends on localization, tumor stage and treatment modality. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy reduces the risk on optical pathways but does not modify outcome.     

20例晚期上颌窦癌同期加量放疗的临床研究

目的：分析晚期上颌窦癌同期加量照射与综合治疗的结果。方法：1995年以来本院行同期加量照射的20例晚期上颌窦癌病人，T3 4例，T4 16例，剂量DT60-85Gy／5—6周，其中4例行挽救手术。结果：三年生存率37．7％，五年生存率22．7％，全组二年局控率37．4％，五年局控率20．8％。75％疗终残留，其中80％为后上壁残留。结论：晚期上颌窦癌行同期加量照射能提高放疗疗效，但仍不及术前照射加手术的综合治疗；单纯放疗应采用缩野追量，使剂量达DT85Gy左右。     

植入永久心脏起搏器肿瘤患者的放射治疗:附4例报告

背景与目的：植入永久心脏起搏器的患者数量呈上升趋势,这其中有一部分是需要放射治疗的肿瘤患者。本文回顾性地总结了植入永久心脏起搏器的肿瘤患者接受放射治疗的经验,同时评价疗效。方法：植人永久心脏起搏器的肿瘤患者4例,其中男性2例,女性2例;年龄70～81岁。3例为Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,被植人心室起搏器(VVI),1例为冠心病,病窦综合征,被植入双腔起搏器(DDDR)。4例患者全部经病理证实,分别为食道癌、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌和鼻咽癌。用^60Co或6～8MVX直线加速器局部放疗40～70Gy,放疗期间心电监护起搏器的情况。结果：4例患者均完成了放疗,部分缓解(PR)3例,病情稳定(SD)1例;继续接受全身化疗3例,1例复发后行二程放疗。随访10个月以上,动态心电图复查示起搏器感知良好。结论：根据照射野包括起搏器及内容物与否,来选择射线和制定照射剂量,4例肿瘤患者均能耐受放射治疗,且起搏器功能正常。     

Radiation therapy for orbital lymphoma

PURPOSE: To describe radiation techniques and evaluate outcomes for orbital lymphoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-six patients (and 62 eyes) with orbital lymphoma treated with radiotherapy between 1987 and 2003 were included. The majority had mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (48%) or follicular (30%) lymphoma. Seventeen patients had prior lymphoma at other sites, and 29 had primary orbital lymphoma. Median follow-up was 46 months. RESULTS: The median dose was 30.6 Gy; one-third received <30 Gy. Electrons were used in 9 eyes with disease confined to the conjunctiva or eyelid, and photons in 53 eyes with involvement of intraorbital tissues to cover entire orbit. Local control rate was 98% for all patients and 100% for those with indolent lymphoma. Three of the 26 patients with localized primary lymphoma failed distantly, resulting in a 5-year freedom-from-distant-relapse rate of 89%. The 5-year disease-specific and overall survival rates were 95% and 88%, respectively. Late toxicity was mainly cataract formation in patients who received radiation without lens block. CONCLUSIONS: A dose of 30 Gy is sufficient for indolent orbital lymphoma. Distant relapse rate in patients with localized orbital lymphoma was lower than that reported for low-grade lymphoma presenting in other sites. Orbital radiotherapy can be used for salvage of recurrent indolent lymphoma.     

CVP-remission-maintenance in stage I or II non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: preliminary results of a randomized study.

The effect of adjuvant combination chemotherapy when given to non-laparotomized patients in remission after radiotherapy in stage I or II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was studied in a prospective randomized multicenter study. Locally extended field radiotherapy was given to a target absorbed dose of 40 Gy in 20 fractions. Fifty-five patients who were in complete remission 6 weeks after conclusion of radiotherapy were randomized to either no further therapy or to 9 cycles of CVP (cyclophosphamide + vincristine + prednisolone). The relapse-free survival at 30 months was 41% for patients without and 86% for patients with adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.02). The survival was the same for both treatment arms, being 90% at 30 months. Fifteen patients have relapsed, 14 of them with extensions and 1 with a recurrence within the radiation target volume. Analysis of subgroups showed that adjuvant chemotherapy in the present series significantly prolonged the relapse-free survival in diffuse histiocytic lymphoma.     

Postoperative radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus: analysis of local control and late complications

This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the local control and late complications in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus treated with postoperative radiation therapy following surgery. Between 1979 and 1998, 41 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus were treated with postoperative irradiation following partial or total maxillectomy. Tumor classification according to the TNM classification of the International Union Against Cancer (1997) was T2 in 6 patients, T3 in 21 patients, and T4 in 14 patients. Fourteen patients had negative surgical margins, 23 had microscopically positive margins, and 4 had grossly positive margins. Sixteen patients received preoperative intraarterial chemotherapy. The total dose to the primary tumor bed was 40-70 Gy (median: 54 Gy) with a fraction size of 2 Gy. The median follow-up time of the surviving patients was 93 months (range: 25-179 months). Local recurrence was observed in 17 patients (41%), and the 5-year actuarial overall survival and local control rates were 48% and 55%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, surgical margin status and total dose each had a statistically significant impact on local recurrence. For the patients with negative surgical margins, 8 of 9 (89%) patients achieved local control with a dose of 50-54 Gy, while 7 of 10 (70%) patients with microscopically positive margins achieved local control with a dose of 60-64 Gy. There were 11 late complications found in 9 patients; bone necrosis in 2, soft tissue necrosis in 2, trisumus: 2, cellulitis in 1, retinopathy in 1, and vision impairment in 3 patients. A total dose of 60 Gy or more was administered in all patients who suffered late complications except for 2 patients with vision impairment. These results indicated that an optimal dose of postoperative irradiation according to the surgical margin status was necessary to achieve local control for squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus following surgery. For patients with negative surgical margins, a total dose of 50-54 Gy in conventional fractionation was appropriate to achieve local control as well as to reduce late complications. On the other hand, a dose of 60 Gy or more was required for the patients with microscopic positive margins.     

Role of radiotherapy for primary orbital lymphoma

To define the role of radiation therapy of primary orbital lymphoma, a retrospective analysis was undertaken for 18 patients with primary orbital lymphoma who were treated with curative radiotherapy between 1984 and 1995. The histology was found to be low grade lymphoma in 11 patients, intermediate grade in 7. All patients were of Ann Arbor stage IE, but bilateral involvement of the orbit was observed in 3 patients (16.6%). Anatomical subsites involved were the retrobulbar, eyelid, and conjunctiva in eight, five, and four patients, respectively. The median radiation dose was 30 Gy ranging from 20 Gy to 50 Gy. Twelve of 18 patients received a radiation dose of 30 Gy or less. To properly protect the lens during irradiation, the contact lens blocks were used for nine patients with conjunctival and eyelid tumor or the hanging eye bar blocks were applied for eight patients with retrobulbar tumor. Chemotherapy was given for seven patients with intermediate-grade malignant lymphoma. Two patients had been treated by surgery before referral.