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目的 了解杭州市区居民冬季流感样及急性上呼吸道疾病的发病与就诊等情况.方法 在杭州市区拥有家庭电话的家庭中随机抽取300户家庭,对其各个家庭成员近一个月来感冒发病情况进行电话调查.结果 流感佯病例发病率为0.60%,急性上呼吸道病例的发病率为12.39%.10岁以下年龄组流感或急性上呼吸道疾病的发病率最高,发病后大多选择自己服药,去医院就诊选择最多的为社区/乡镇级医院,感冒期间几乎无人戴口罩,2006年流感疫苗的接种率为9.42%,而60岁~年龄组和慢性病患者接种率分别仅为1.92%、3.03%.结论 该调查阶段杭州市区流感疫情尚未见明显上升. 相似文献
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2012年2月10日至3月1日,萍乡市某小学发生一起乙型流感暴发疫情。98例流感样病例分布在23个班级,学校罹患率4.3%。其中二年级(4)班罹患率55%,二年级(2)班罹患率30%。100%病例出现发热,咳嗽发生率79%,咽痛发生率77%。经回顾性队列分析,学生流感疫苗接种率为18%,接种流感疫苗学生流感罹患率为17%,未接种流感疫苗的学生流感罹患率为49%,流感疫苗保护率为66%(95%CI:2.0%~88.0%)。良好的洗手习惯可在一定程度上降低患流感的风险。 相似文献
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目的了解重庆市医疗机构就诊病例及健康人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,分析和预测流感的流行趋势,为制定针对性的防治措施提供依据。方法对238名门诊病例和171名健康人群进行流行病学调查并采集不同年龄组血清进行甲型H1N1流感血凝抑制试验。结果 HI总体阳性率为15.4%(95%CI:12.1%~9.4%),抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)高滴度者(≥1∶160)占阳性数的6.4%(95%CI:0.4%~19.5%);性别之间、2周前是否出现过流感样症状之间、5~岁年龄组与其余3个年龄组间和是否接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗之间阳性几何平均倒数滴度(GMRT)的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);抗体阳性率、滴度分布和logistic回归分析结果均显示2周前出现过流感样症状者为主要影响因素,但性别、年龄间差异无统计学意义。结论重庆市甲型H1N1流感免疫水平较低,易发生流行。 相似文献
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2009年3月18日至4月2日喀什地区第六中学暴发流行性感冒(流感)样疫情,共临床诊断流感样病例155例,其中2例用甲型+乙型流感快速定点检测诊断试剂做快速检测诊断,结果显示为乙型流感阳性,全校平均罹患率为4.18%(155/3710),男性罹患率为6.07%(98/1614),女性为2.72%(57/2096)。疫情于3月18日首发,3月21、22日出现暴发高峰。病例均为寄宿学生,以高中学生为主,占病例总数的99.36%;男生发病高于女生。 相似文献
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目的了解杭州市流行性感冒(流感)样病例疫情流行特点。 方法通过杭州市流感监测网络,收集整理流感样病例疫情资料;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应技术检测流感病毒。 结果2006-2007年共发生流感样病例疫情67起,流感样病例2703例,总罹患率为3.77%。各起疫情平均报告时间为5 d。2006年疫情平均持续时间为6 d,2007年为13 d, 差异有统计学意义(Iu/I=-4.37,IP/I<0.05)。2006-2007年疫情发生时共采样186份,其中阳性126份,阳性率为67.74%。2006年流行株为B型, 2007年为A型H3亚型。 结论2006年及2007年杭州市流感流行表现为散发及局部暴发,2年流行的毒株不同。 相似文献
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目的了解老年人群流感疫苗接种率、接种疫苗后对1年内全因急诊就诊率和全因住院率的影响,以及接种率的影响因素。方法调查了北京香河园社区60岁及以上老年人,对比研究3年内每年接种流感疫苗人群(疫苗接种组)与从未接种流感疫苗接种人群的相关事件(对照组)。结果 1043例受调查社区老年人年龄(75±7)岁;男性476例,女性567例。3年内流感疫苗连续接种者304例,占29.1%。疫苗接种组与对照组比较,过去1年内全因急诊就诊率分别为4.3%和12.0%(P=0.001),全因住院率分别为10.9%和21.9%(P0.001)。生活自理情况差(χ~2=23.317,P0.001)、独居(χ~2=8.790,P=0.003)和月收入水平较低(χ~2=11.363,P=0.003)影响流感疫苗接种率。结论社区老年人规律性接种流感疫苗,可以有效地减少住院率和急诊就诊率,应该加强普及教育,提高流感疫苗接种率。 相似文献
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目的 了解四川省医务人员流感疫苗接种情况及相关因素,为制定流感疫苗的接种策略提供依据。方法 2022年8月1日-6日,由四川省21个市州的医院感染质量控制中心在本市州选择不同级别医疗机构的医务人员开展流感疫苗接种情况的线上调查,使用χ2检验进行接种率单因素分析,采用二分类多因素logistic回归模型分析流感疫苗接种的相关因素。结果 共发放问卷3 264份,回收有效问卷3 244份,有效回收率为99.4%。四川省被调查的医务人员流感疫苗接种率为56.9%(1 846/3 244),不同性别、年龄、职称、岗位、所在科室、医院类型、医院性质、医院级别、流感知晓情况、流感疫苗接种意愿的医务人员流感疫苗接种率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二分类多因素logistic回归分析表明,年龄是否≥35岁[比值比(odds ratio, OR)=0.799,95%置信区间(confidence interval, CI)(0.681,0.937),P=0.006]、学历是否为本科及以上[OR=1.221,95%CI(1.036,1.439),P=0.017]、岗位[以医生... 相似文献
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Bruce Stuart Amy Davidoff Jennifer Lloyd Thomas Shaffer J. Samantha Shoemaker Jason Kemner 《The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy》2010,8(3):201-214
Background: Influenza accounts for a large proportion of hospitalizations and deaths among older adults, resulting in substantial health care expenses. Influenza vaccinations are effective in reducing respiratory infections in younger populations, but it is less certain whether they reduce costs associated with respiratory infections among older adults.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether influenza vaccination of older adult Medicare beneficiaries reduced costs associated with acute and chronic respiratory conditions during 3 recent influenza seasons.Methods: This study analyzed the relationship between influenza vaccination and costs for respiratory conditions among Medicare beneficiaries ≥55 years of age in influenza seasons (October–May) between 2002 and 2005 using data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. Two-part multiple regressions of vaccination status were estimated on the probability and cost of treating respiratory conditions in each influenza season controlling for influenza risk factors and other covariates. Various sensitivity tests were conducted by type of service, subgroup analysis for specific population risk segments, propensity score-matched comparisons, and difference equations.Results: The study sample included 13,402 Medicare beneficiaries for the 3 influenza seasons examined. Vaccination rates varied between 67.3% and 74.9% over the 3 influenza seasons. In unadjusted comparisons, no significant difference in the cost of treating respiratory conditions was found between vaccinated and unvaccinated beneficiaries in 2002/2003 (?$104), but vaccinated beneficiaries had significantly higher mean cost differentials in the more recent influenza seasons ($258 in 2003/2004, P = 0.012; $254 in 2004/2005, P = 0.003). Based on 2-part multiple regressions of vaccine status over the 3 seasons combined, costs of respiratory conditions were $142 dollars higher on average for vaccinated beneficiaries (P = 0.014). The base regression models showed no significant cost savings from vaccination in any year. Results of 2 of the 54 sensitivity tests that were conducted indicated significant savings from vaccination (inpatient costs for 2002/2003 and difference in total costs for persons unvaccinated in 2002/2003 but vaccinated in 2003/2004).Conclusion: In this study of older adults, no significant cost savings were found with influenza vaccines in the 3 influenza seasons examined (2002-2005) when the outcome was measured in terms of differential spending for acute and chronic respiratory conditions. 相似文献
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目的 调查2015年冬至2016年春在郑州大学第三附属医院儿科门诊急性呼吸道感染(ARI)患儿病毒病原学情况。方法 收集483例ARI患儿鼻咽部分泌物,采用多重媒介探针熔解曲线分析技术检测流感病毒A、B型,呼吸道合胞病毒A、B型,副流感病毒1~4型,鼻病毒,腺病毒,人偏肺病毒,冠状病毒,人博卡病毒和肠病毒。结果 病毒阳性检出率29.19%(141/483),前4位依次为流感病毒8.49%、副流感病毒5.38%、呼吸道合胞病毒3.93%、鼻病毒2.90%,双重感染1.86%。29 d至6月龄婴儿病毒总检出率高于3~5岁及 6岁组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(2=7.068,P=0.008;2=6.810,P=0.009),乙型流感病毒在1~2岁检出率最高,冠状病毒在29 d至6月龄者检出率最高,男性与女性病毒总检出率差异无统计学意义。呼吸道合胞病毒A型在急性下呼吸道感染阳性率为8.96%,与急性上呼吸道感染比较差异有统计学意义(2=9.042,P=0.003);鼻病毒春季阳性率高于冬季,乙型流感病毒阳性率冬季高于春季,差异有统计学意义(2=4.999,P=0.025;2=6.876,P=0.009),其他呼吸道病毒在冬、春季阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论 儿童ARI病毒阳性率与年龄、季节、感染状况有关,在调查期间流感病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和鼻病毒是儿童ARI的主要病毒病原。 相似文献
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Linda S. Elting Estella Whimbey William Lo Robert Couch Michael Andreeff Gerald P. Bodey 《Supportive care in cancer》1995,3(3):198-202
Influenze infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts, but its importance in adult cancer patients is largely undescribed. We therefore conducted a prospective study of the incidence and clinical features of influenza infection in patients with acute or chronic leukemia. The cohort, which consisted of all adult leukemia patients undergoing remission-induction chemotherapy during the 1991–1992 influenza epidemic, was followed prospectively for development of signs and symptoms of acute infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. Of these 294 patients, 111 received chemotherapy as inpatients and 183 as outpatients. Throat swabs and nasal washes for viral culture were obtained from all symptomatic patients, who were then followed until all signs and symptoms resolved. Symptoms of respiratory tract infection developed in 37 leukemia patients (13%). Among these, influenza (A/Beijing/H3N2) caused 3 (21%) of the 14 infections that developed during hospitalization but only 1 (4%) of the 23 that developed in the community (P=0.14). Influenza patients presented with fever, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, headache, and myalgia; those with other infections presented with signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection (productive cough, rales, or rhonchi). Development of pneumonia was common in influenza patients, 1 of whom died from a secondary fungal and gram-negative pneumonia. Influenza A virus infections accounted for a substantial protion of acute respiratory infections among adult leukemia patients during a community epidemic. Most infections appeared to be nosocomial and the most likely sources were visitors or hospital personnel. Immunization of house-hold contacts and hospital staff may reduce the risk of influenza infection and its pulmonary complications in leukemia patients.Presented in part at the 32nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Anaheim, Calif., USA, 11–14 October 1992 相似文献
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目的基于区域健康大数据平台,估算2018-2019年浙江省宁波市北仑区流行性感冒(流感)流行季的真实发病数和发病率,评估流感真实发病水平。方法采用回顾性分析,基于宁波市区域健康医疗大数据平台和流感监测网络平台,通过大数据挖掘技术,获取全区所有急性上呼吸道感染就诊记录,结合流感核酸阳性率,估算北仑区2018-2019年流行季流感的真实发病数和发病率。结果经估算,宁波市北仑区2018年10月至2019年9月,流感发病人数约为27 683~115 123人,流感发病率约为4.14%~17.23%,显著高于法定报告发病数。其中0~4岁组发病率最高,为29.28%~76.81%;其次5~14岁组,发病率为17.31%~46.61%。流感估算发病数与法定报告发病数流行趋势高度一致,有统计学意义(rs1=0.914,rs2=0.923,P值均<0.001)。结论区域流感发病率显著高于法定报告发病率,15岁以下和60岁以上两个人群是重点防控人群,扩大和提高这两个年龄组流感疫苗的覆盖率十分必要。 相似文献
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目的:分析福州地区2006-2007年冬春季我院收治急性呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)及其亚型流行情况。方法:采用RT-PCR方法检测176例急性呼吸道感染患儿的鼻咽拭子中RSV并进行亚型鉴定分析。结果:(1)在176例标本中,RSV阳性28例(15.9%)。其中急性下呼吸道感染阳性率为38%,显著高于急性上呼吸道感染的4%(!2=33.15,P<0.05)。(2)28例RSV阳性标本中,A亚型23例(82%),B亚型4例(14%),不明分型者1例(4%);上、下呼吸道感染组患儿间RSV亚型分布差异无显著性(P>0.05),都以A型为主。(3)RSV阳性患儿的年龄主要以3岁以下为主。结论:RSV是婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染的重要病原体;福州地区2006-2007年冬春季RSV两种亚型同时流行,以A亚型为主。 相似文献