不同糖油比例高脂饲料建立高脂血症大鼠模型的比较

目的 探讨不同糖油比例高脂饲料建立高脂血症大鼠模型的效果.方法 将40只大鼠分为空白对照组和3个高脂饲料(Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ)组,每组10只,分别喂饲全价饲料和3种不同糖油比例的高脂饲料,共6周,每周定时称量体质量和检测大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C).结果 3种配方的高脂饲料对大鼠体质量增长均无明显影响(P＞0.05).各配方组每周的大鼠血清TC含量、LDL-C含量及TC/HDL-C比值均高于空白对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).高脂饲料Ⅱ组每周的大鼠血清TG含量均高于空白对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),高脂饲料Ⅰ组大鼠第1～4周的血清TG含量高于空白对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),高脂饲料Ⅲ组大鼠血清TG含量除第2周高于空白对照组外其余各周与空白对照组均无统计学差-(P＞0.05).结论 高脂饲料Ⅰ和高脂饲料Ⅱ均能快速稳定建立混合型高脂血症大鼠模型,高脂饲料Ⅱ效果更优;高脂饲料Ⅲ仅适用于建立高胆固醇血症大鼠模型.     

大豆异黄酮对去势大鼠血脂及动脉内皮舒张功能的影响

目的探讨大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠的血脂代谢及血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响.方法50只健康雌性SD大鼠随机分成五组,A组假手术组,B组去卵巢(OVX) 高脂饲料,C组为OVX 高脂饲料 20 mg/(kgbw·d)大豆异黄酮,D组为OVX 高脂饲料 60 mg/(kgbw·d)大豆异黄酮,E组为OVX 高脂饲料 180 mg/(kgbw·d)大豆异黄酮.实验第61天股动脉放血处死大鼠,取血清测血脂、取胸主动脉做内皮依赖性舒张功能检测.结果A、C、D、E组大鼠血清TC、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量都显著低于B组,C、D、E组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著高于B组(P＜0.05);B组大鼠动脉对乙酰胆碱诱导的内皮依赖性舒张反应显著低于A、C、D、E组(P＜0.05).结论大豆异黄酮能抑制血清TG、TC、LDL-C的升高,同时升高HDL-C,保护动脉内皮的正常功能,从而有益于预防绝经妇女动脉粥样硬化的形成.     

大豆异黄酮对大鼠血脂和抗脂质过氧化作用的探讨

目的: 以喂养高胆固醇饲料造成高脂血症(HC)的大鼠为研究对象,观察大豆异黄酮(SI)对大鼠血脂水平及体内过氧化状态的影响。方法: 50只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,分别接受基础饲料、高脂饲料及高脂饲料分别添加大豆异黄酮30 mg/kg、90 mg/kg和270 mg/kg处理。实验6周。结果: 高剂量SI显著抑制高脂饲料所致的血浆低密度脂蛋白升高(P<0.01)。SI对进食高脂饲料引起的体内脂质过氧化物升高具有拮抗作用,并可提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的抗氧化活性(P<0.05~P<0.01)。结论: SI对高甘油三酯有降低作用,并能改善高脂所致体内异常的过氧化状态,减轻对机体的过氧化损伤。     

大豆异黄酮对小鼠抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的观察大豆异黄酮对小鼠抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法选用BALB/C雄性小鼠60只,体重18～22g,随机分为4组(空白对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组),空白对照组喂饲基础饲料,其余3组分别喂饲添加25、100、200mg/kg大豆异黄酮的基础饲料。实验第8周末,将小鼠断头处死,取血和肝脏组织测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等指标。结果与空白对照组相比较,小鼠全血、肝脏中的CAT、GSH-Px活性明显升高(P<0.01),小鼠肝脏中SOD活性明显升高(P<0.01)。结论大豆异黄酮可明显提高实验动物抗氧化酶活性。     

大豆异黄酮与葡萄籽原青花素对2型糖尿病大鼠抗氧化功能的影响

目的探讨大豆异黄酮(SIF)与葡萄籽原青花素(GSPC)对2型糖尿病大鼠抗氧化功能的影响。方法30只SD大鼠随机分成普食对照组(A组,6只,喂养基础饲料)和高脂饲料组(24只,高脂饲料喂养)。用链脲佐菌素将高脂饲料组大鼠制备成糖尿病大鼠,将模型制备成功的18只大鼠随机分成3组:糖尿病对照组(B组)、SIF GSPC250mg·kg-1·d-1剂量干预组(C组)和SIF GSPC50mg·kg-1·d-1剂量干预组(D组)。A组和B组大鼠用消毒后的自来水灌胃,C组和D组大鼠以两种剂量的SIF GSPC分别灌胃。检测6周、10周后各组大鼠空腹血糖水平以及10周后大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)水平。结果10周后C组和D组大鼠空腹血糖较B组均下降,但只有C组大鼠空腹血糖水平与B组相比,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组大鼠血清SOD活性和GSH、MDA、NO水平与B组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05);D组大鼠SOD活性和NO水平与B组比较,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大豆异黄酮协同葡萄籽原青花对于改善2型糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化能力有作用。     

大柴胡汤干预高脂高胆固醇大鼠模型量效关系研究

目的:观察不同剂量大柴胡汤对高脂高胆固醇大鼠血脂的调节,探讨大柴胡汤对大鼠高血脂高胆固醇的作用机制。方法:建立对照组,正常饮食并每日给予生理盐水灌胃;高脂组与模型组以高脂饲料喂饲大鼠造模;治疗组在高脂饲喂同时予大柴胡汤制剂,并根据给药剂量分为低剂量组(1.5 g/10 m L)、中剂量组(3 g/10 m L)、高剂量组(6 g/10 m L)干预。每日观察大鼠的生存状态,分别在造模后10、20、30 d,测量体重并统计,并于实验后第30天取血测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平。结果:治疗组在高脂造模后第10、20、30天体重增加;治疗组与高血脂模型组对比,大柴胡汤的高、中、低剂量均能显著降低高血脂模型大鼠血清中TC、TG和LDL-C水平,作用效果呈剂量依赖关系。结论:大柴胡汤对高血脂模型大鼠具有较好的降血脂治疗作用,有望进一步应用于临床试验。     

染色木黄酮对去卵巢大鼠血脂代谢的影响及抗氧化作用研究

目的探讨染色木黄酮对去卵巢大鼠血脂代谢的影响及其抗氧化作用。方法雌性SD大鼠70只，用随机数字表法分成7组：高脂组（HF）、雌激素组（EG）、染色木黄酮高、中、低剂量组（H—SI、M—SI、L—SI）、假手术组（Sham）、正常对照组（NG）。除NG组和Sham组外，其余各组均切除双侧卵巢。除NG组外，其余6组给予高脂饲料饲养。灌胃给药3个月，每周称重1次，实验结束后取血标本测定胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、血清高、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C、LDL—C）及抗氧化指标超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）等。结果经染色木黄酮干预后，大鼠血清LDL—C、HDL—C、GSH—Px及SOD活性发生改变。与HF组比较，H—SI与L—SI组LDL—C显著降低（均P〈0，01），H—SI、M—SI及L—SI组GSH—Px活性明显提高（均P〈0．01）；与干预前比较，H—SI、M—SI及L—SI组HDL—C水平和GSH—Px活性均明显提高（均P〈0．01），并能拮抗SOD活性下降；但对体重增长抑制不明显。结论染色木黄酮对去卵巢大鼠血清中LDL-C、HDL—C、GSH—Px、SOD存在一定的调节作用，具有拮抗和改善去势大鼠高脂血症的作用，并能提高机体抗氧化能力，减轻过氧化损伤。     

大豆异黄酮对高脂血症大鼠体内SOD、GSH-Px活力及MDA含量的影响

目的研究大豆异黄酮(SI)对高脂血症大鼠体内SOD、GSH-Px活力及MDA含量的影响。方法50只Wister大鼠随机分为5组,分别接受基础饲料,高脂饲料及高脂饲料分别添加大豆异黄酮30mg/kg,90mg/kg和270mg/kg处理,实验6周。结果与正常对照组比较,高脂血症大鼠脑组织SOD活力,肝脑组织GSH-Px活力都有明显降低(P<0.01),肝脑组织中的MDA含量则升高;而添加SI的高脂血症大鼠体内SOD,GSH-Px活力有不同程度升高(P<0.05～P<0.01),而以低中剂量的SI作用显著(P<0.01),肝脑组织中的MDA含量降低。结论适宜剂量的SI对高脂血症大鼠体内SOD、GSH-Px活力有明显升高作用,而对MDA含量有明显降低作用。     

大豆异黄酮对大鼠体内SOD、CAT和NO的影响

目的: 以喂养高胆固醇饲料造成高脂血症(HC)的大鼠为研究对象,观察大豆异黄酮(SI)对大鼠体内过氧化状态的影响。方法: 50只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,分别接受基础饲料、高脂饲料、高脂饲料分别添加SI 30 mg/kg、90 mg/kg和270 mg/kg处理。实验7周。结果: SI中、低剂量组与高脂组和SI高剂量组比较有抑制超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶的体内过氧化作用(P<0。01),而高脂组和SI剂量组无此作用(P>0。05);SI实验组血清中的一氧化氮(NO)水平低于对照组(P<0。05),而组织中的NO水平高于对照组(P<0。05~P<0。01)。结论: SI能改善高脂所致体内异常的过氧化状态,减轻对机体的过氧化损伤并影响体内NO水平。     

大豆低聚糖及大豆多肽对大鼠血脂代谢的影响

目的探讨大豆低聚糖及大豆多肽单独和联合应用对大鼠血脂水平的影响.方法60只健康成年SD大鼠随机分为5组:分别饲喂正常饲料(正常对照组ND),高脂饲料(高血脂模型组HFD),高脂饲料 2%大豆低聚糖(SO组)、高脂饲料 3%大豆多肽(SP组)、高脂饲料 2%大豆低聚糖 3%大豆多肽(SOP组)8周,测定血脂及载脂蛋白含量.结果与HFD组比较,SO组、SP组、SOP组血清TC、TG、VLDL-C、LDL-C水平及AI值均显著降低,HDL-C水平均明显升高;血浆apoA-Ⅰ水平均显著升高,apoB、apoB/apoA-Ⅰ均明显降低,而SOP组效果更加明显.结论大豆低聚糖和大豆多肽能有效调节体内血脂代谢,可以预防高脂血症,二者联合应用的效果更加显著.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.