Cognitive Factors of Using Health Apps: Systematic Analysis of Relationships Among Health Consciousness,Health Information Orientation,eHealth Literacy,and Health App Use Efficacy

Background

Interest in smartphone health apps has been increasing recently. However, we have little understanding of the cognitive and motivational factors that influence the extent of health-app use.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the effects of four cognitive factors—health consciousness, health information orientation, eHealth literacy, and health-app use efficacy—on the extent of health-app use. It also explored the influence of two different use patterns—information and information-behavior use of health apps—with regard to the relationships among the main study variables.

Methods

We collected and analyzed 765 surveys in South Korea. According to the results, there was a negligible gender difference: males (50.6%, 387/765) and females (49.4%, 378/765). All participants were adults whose ages ranged from 19 to 59. In order to test the proposed hypotheses, we used a path analysis as a specific form of structural equation modeling.

Results

Through a path analysis, we discovered that individuals’ health consciousness had a direct effect on their use of health apps. However, unlike the initial expectations, the effects of health information orientation and eHealth literacy on health-app use were mediated by health-app use efficacy.

Conclusions

The results from the path analysis addressed a significant direct effect of health consciousness as well as strong mediating effects of health-app use efficacy. These findings contribute to widening our comprehension of the new, digital dimensions of health management, particularly those revolving around mobile technology.     

eHealth Literacy and Web 2.0 Health Information Seeking Behaviors Among Baby Boomers and Older Adults

BackgroundBaby boomers and older adults, a subset of the population at high risk for chronic disease, social isolation, and poor health outcomes, are increasingly utilizing the Internet and social media (Web 2.0) to locate and evaluate health information. However, among these older populations, little is known about what factors influence their eHealth literacy and use of Web 2.0 for health information.ObjectiveThe intent of the study was to explore the extent to which sociodemographic, social determinants, and electronic device use influences eHealth literacy and use of Web 2.0 for health information among baby boomers and older adults.MethodsA random sample of baby boomers and older adults (n=283, mean 67.46 years, SD 9.98) participated in a cross-sectional, telephone survey that included the eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS) and items from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) assessing electronic device use and use of Web 2.0 for health information. An independent samples t test compared eHealth literacy among users and non-users of Web 2.0 for health information. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between sociodemographic, social determinants, and electronic device use on self-reported eHealth literacy and use of Web 2.0 for seeking and sharing health information.ResultsAlmost 90% of older Web 2.0 users (90/101, 89.1%) reported using popular Web 2.0 websites, such as Facebook and Twitter, to find and share health information. Respondents reporting use of Web 2.0 reported greater eHealth literacy (mean 30.38, SD 5.45, n=101) than those who did not use Web 2.0 (mean 28.31, SD 5.79, n=182), t_217.60=−2.98, P=.003. Younger age (b=−0.10), more education (b=0.48), and use of more electronic devices (b=1.26) were significantly associated with greater eHealth literacy (R² =.17, R²adj =.14, F_9,229=5.277, P<.001). Women were nearly three times more likely than men to use Web 2.0 for health information (OR 2.63, Wald= 8.09, df=1, P=.004). Finally, more education predicted greater use of Web 2.0 for health information, with college graduates (OR 2.57, Wald= 3.86, df =1, P=.049) and post graduates (OR 7.105, Wald= 4.278, df=1, P=.04) nearly 2 to 7 times more likely than non-high school graduates to use Web 2.0 for health information.ConclusionsBeing younger and possessing more education was associated with greater eHealth literacy among baby boomers and older adults. Females and those highly educated, particularly at the post graduate level, reported greater use of Web 2.0 for health information. More in-depth surveys and interviews among more diverse groups of baby boomers and older adult populations will likely yield a better understanding regarding how current Web-based health information seeking and sharing behaviors influence health-related decision making.     

Health literacy in the eHealth era: A systematic review of the literature

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify studies on online health service use by people with limited health literacy, as the findings could provide insights into how health literacy has been, and should be, addressed in the eHealth era.MethodsTo identify the relevant literature published since 2010, we performed four rounds of selection—database selection, keyword search, screening of the titles and abstracts, and screening of full texts. This process produced a final of 74 publications.ResultsThe themes addressed in the 74 publications fell into five categories: evaluation of health-related content, development and evaluation of eHealth services, development and evaluation of health literacy measurement tools, interventions to improve health literacy, and online health information seeking behavior.ConclusionBarriers to access to and use of online health information can result from the readability of content and poor usability of eHealth services. We need new health literacy screening tools to identify skills for adequate use of eHealth services. Mobile apps hold great potential for eHealth and mHealth services tailored to people with low health literacy.Practice implicationsEfforts should be made to make eHealth services easily accessible to low-literacy individuals and to enhance individual health literacy through educational programs.     

eHealth literacy: extending the digital divide to the realm of health information

Background

eHealth literacy is defined as the ability of people to use emerging information and communications technologies to improve or enable health and health care.

Objective

The goal of this study was to explore whether literacy disparities are diminished or enhanced in the search for health information on the Internet. The study focused on (1) traditional digital divide variables, such as sociodemographic characteristics, digital access, and digital literacy, (2) information search processes, and (3) the outcomes of Internet use for health information purposes.

Methods

We used a countrywide representative random-digital-dial telephone household survey of the Israeli adult population (18 years and older, N = 4286). We measured eHealth literacy; Internet access; digital literacy; sociodemographic factors; perceived health; presence of chronic diseases; as well as health information sources, content, search strategies, and evaluation criteria used by consumers.

Results

Respondents who were highly eHealth literate tended to be younger and more educated than their less eHealth-literate counterparts. They were also more active consumers of all types of information on the Internet, used more search strategies, and scrutinized information more carefully than did the less eHealth-literate respondents. Finally, respondents who were highly eHealth literate gained more positive outcomes from the information search in terms of cognitive, instrumental (self-management of health care needs, health behaviors, and better use of health insurance), and interpersonal (interacting with their physician) gains.

Conclusions

The present study documented differences between respondents high and low in eHealth literacy in terms of background attributes, information consumption, and outcomes of the information search. The association of eHealth literacy with background attributes indicates that the Internet reinforces existing social differences. The more comprehensive and sophisticated use of the Internet and the subsequent increased gains among the high eHealth literate create new inequalities in the domain of digital health information. There is a need to educate at-risk and needy groups (eg, chronically ill) and to design technology in a mode befitting more consumers.     

高考学生感恩对自测健康的影响:自我效能感的中介作用

目的:研究高考学生感恩、自我效能感与自测健康之间的关系。方法:运用感恩问卷、自测健康评定量表、一般自我效能感量表对207名高考学生进行问卷调查。结果:(1)高考学生感恩与自我效能感呈显著的正相关(r=0.290,P0.01);(2)高考学生自我效能感与自测健康呈显著的正相关(r=0.399,P0.01);(3)高考学生感恩与自测健康呈显著的正相关(r=0.333,P0.01);(4)自我效能感在感恩与自测健康间起部分中介作用。结论:高考生的自我效能感水平影响自测健康和感恩之间的关系。     

eHealth Literacy Interventions for Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background

eHealth resources offer new opportunities for older adults to access health information online, connect with others with shared health interests, and manage their health. However, older adults often lack sufficient eHealth literacy to maximize their benefit from these resources.

Objective

This review evaluates the research design, methods, and findings of eHealth literacy interventions for older adults.

Methods

A systematic review of peer-reviewed research articles from 28 databases in 9 fields was carried out in January 2013. Four rounds of screening of articles in these databases resulted in a final sample of 23 articles.

Results

Findings indicated a significant gap in the literature for eHealth literacy interventions evaluating health outcomes as the outcome of interest, a lack of theory-based interventions, and few studies applied high-quality research design.

Conclusions

Our findings emphasize the need for researchers to develop and assess theory-based interventions applying high-quality research design in eHealth literacy interventions targeting the older population.     

孤独感与领悟社会支持对大学生心理健康的影响

目的:探讨社会支持在大学生孤独感与心理健康关系中的中介效应。方法:使用情感和社交孤独量表、社会支持问卷和GHQ-12对1267名大学生进行问卷调查。结果:①男大学生的情感孤独和社交孤独均显著高于女大学生,感受到的社会支持显著低于女大学生。②社交孤独评分最高的是22岁和21岁的大学生,社会支持和心理健康评分最低的是21岁的大学生。③与情感孤独相比,社交孤独对心理健康的预测作用更强。④在孤独感与心理健康的关系中,社会支持起部分中介作用。结论:对大学生的孤独感、感受和获得社会支持的技能进行干预,有助于提高其心理健康水平。     

Prevalence and Frequency of mHealth and eHealth Use Among US and UK Smokers and Differences by Motivation to Quit

BackgroundBoth mHealth and eHealth interventions for smoking cessation are rapidly being developed and tested. There are no data on use of mHealth and eHealth technologies by smokers in general or by smokers who are not motivated to quit smoking.ObjectiveThe aims of our study were to (1) assess technology use (eg, texting, social media, Internet) among smokers in the United States and United Kingdom, (2) examine whether technology use differs between smokers who are motivated to quit and smokers who are not motivated to quit, (3) examine previous use of technology to assist with smoking cessation, and (4) examine future intentions to use technology to assist with smoking cessation.MethodsParticipants were 1000 adult smokers (54.90%, 549/1000 female; mean age 43.9, SD 15.5 years; US: n=500, UK: n=500) who were recruited via online representative sampling strategies. Data were collected online and included demographics, smoking history, and frequency and patterns of technology use.ResultsAmong smokers in general, there was a high prevalence of mobile and smartphone ownership, sending and receiving texts, downloading and using apps, using Facebook, and visiting health-related websites. Smokers who were unmotivated to quit were significantly less likely to own a smartphone or handheld device that connects to the Internet than smokers motivated to quit. There was a significantly lower prevalence of sending text messages among US smokers unmotivated to quit (78.2%, 179/229) versus smokers motivated to quit (95.0%, 229/241), but no significant differences between the UK groups (motivated: 96.4%, 239/248; unmotivated: 94.9%, 223/235). Smokers unmotivated to quit in both countries were significantly less likely to use a handheld device to read email, play games, browse the Web, or visit health-related websites versus smokers motivated to quit. US smokers had a high prevalence of app downloads regardless of motivation to quit, but UK smokers who were motivated to quit had greater prevalence of app downloads than smokers unmotivated to quit. US smokers were significantly more likely to have a Facebook account (87.0%, 435/500) than UK smokers (76.4%, 382/500), but smokers unmotivated to quit in both countries used Facebook less frequently than smokers motivated to quit. Smokers who were unmotivated to quit were less likely to have used eHealth or mHealth platforms to help them quit smoking in the past and less likely to say that they would use them for smoking cessation in the future.ConclusionsAlthough smokers unmotivated to quit make less use of technology than smokers motivated to quit, there is sufficient prevalence to make it worthwhile to develop eHealth and mHealth interventions to encourage cessation. Short and low-effort communications, such as text messaging, might be better for smokers who are less motivated to quit. Multiple channels may be required to reach unmotivated smokers.     

Evaluation of End-User Satisfaction Among Employees Participating in a Web-based Health Risk Assessment With Tailored Feedback

Background

Web technology is increasingly being used to provide individuals with health risk assessments (HRAs) with tailored feedback. End-user satisfaction is an important determinant of the potential impact of HRAs, as this influences program attrition and adherence to behavioral advice.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate end-user satisfaction with a web-based HRA with tailored feedback applied in worksite settings, using mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methods.

Methods

Employees of seven companies in the Netherlands participated in a commercial, web-based, HRA with tailored feedback. The HRA consisted of four components: 1) a health and lifestyle assessment questionnaire, 2) a biometric evaluation, 3) a laboratory evaluation, and 4) tailored feedback consisting of a personal health risk profile and lifestyle behavior advice communicated through a web portal. HRA respondents received an evaluation questionnaire after six weeks. Satisfaction with different parts of the HRA was measured on 5-point Likert scales. A free-text field provided the opportunity to make additional comments.

Results

In total, 2289 employees participated in the HRA program, of which 637 (27.8%) completed the evaluation questionnaire. Quantitative analysis showed that 85.6% of the respondents evaluated the overall HRA positively. The free-text field was filled in by 29.7 % of the respondents (189 out of 637), who made 315 separate remarks. Qualitative evaluation of these data showed that these respondents made critical remarks. Respondents felt restricted by the answer categories of the health and lifestyle assessment questionnaire, which resulted in the feeling that the corresponding feedback could be inadequate. Some respondents perceived the personal risk profile as unnecessarily alarming or suggested providing more explanations, reference values, and a justification of the behavioral advice given. Respondents also requested the opportunity to discuss the feedback with a health professional.

Conclusions

Most people were satisfied with the web-based HRA with tailored feedback. Sources of dissatisfaction were limited opportunities for providing additional health information outside of the predefined health and lifestyle assessment questionnaire and insufficient transparency on the generation of the feedback. Information regarding the aim and content of the HRA should be clear and accurate to prevent unrealistic expectations among end-users. Involving trusted health professionals in the implementation of web-based HRAs may enhance the use of and confidence in the HRA.     

情绪智力及其相关因素对大学生心理健康的影响

目的探讨情绪智力及其相关因素对大学生心理健康的影响。方法对天津市15所高校的779名大学生采用情绪智力量表（Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire,ESCQ）和心理健康类型诊断量表（Manual for Mental Health Pattern,MHP）进行测试。结果 1不同个人背景大学生的心理健康状况存在显著差异;2情绪智力各维度与心理性应激、社会性应激和躯体性应激呈负相关（P〈0.001）,与生活质量呈正相关（P〈0.001）;3影响大学生心理健康的因素主要有情绪智力,家庭经济状况,性别,是否参加志愿活动等;其中情绪智力对心理健康的影响最大。结论情绪智力对大学生的心理健康有显著的影响。     

The Effects of Perceived Stress on Reactions to Messages Designed to Increase Health Behaviors

This study examined the impact of perceived stress on responses to messages that encouraged the performance of health promotion and disease detection behaviors. It was hypothesized that increases in perceived stress would be associated with decreased processing of messages encouraging disease detection behaviors, and that increases in perceived stress would not effect the processing of messages encouraging health promotion behaviors. To test these hypotheses participants completed a perceived stress measure and then read a message that encouraged the performance of either a health promotion or a disease detection behavior. Then the participants were asked to indicate their agreement with the message and to attempt to recall the message. The results indicated that participants experiencing higher levels of perceived stress spent less time reading and recalled less of the messages about detection behaviors than of the messages about promotion behaviors. When participants were experiencing lower levels of perceived stress these differences disappeared.

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Low Health Literacy and Evaluation of Online Health Information: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background

Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in consumer online health information seeking. The quality of online health information, however, remains questionable. The issue of information evaluation has become a hot topic, leading to the development of guidelines and checklists to design high-quality online health information. However, little attention has been devoted to how consumers, in particular people with low health literacy, evaluate online health information.

Objective

The main aim of this study was to review existing evidence on the association between low health literacy and (1) people’s ability to evaluate online health information, (2) perceived quality of online health information, (3) trust in online health information, and (4) use of evaluation criteria for online health information.

Methods

Five academic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Communication and Mass-media Complete) were systematically searched. We included peer-reviewed publications investigating differences in the evaluation of online information between people with different health literacy levels.

Results

After abstract and full-text screening, 38 articles were included in the review. Only four studies investigated the specific role of low health literacy in the evaluation of online health information. The other studies examined the association between educational level or other skills-based proxies for health literacy, such as general literacy, and outcomes. Results indicate that low health literacy (and related skills) are negatively related to the ability to evaluate online health information and trust in online health information. Evidence on the association with perceived quality of online health information and use of evaluation criteria is inconclusive.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that low health literacy (and related skills) play a role in the evaluation of online health information. This topic is therefore worth more scholarly attention. Based on the results of this review, future research in this field should (1) specifically focus on health literacy, (2) devote more attention to the identification of the different criteria people use to evaluate online health information, (3) develop shared definitions and measures for the most commonly used outcomes in the field of evaluation of online health information, and (4) assess the relationship between the different evaluative dimensions and the role played by health literacy in shaping their interplay.     

贫困大学生的成就动机与心理健康:社会支持的调节与中介作用

目的考察贫困大学生成就动机对其心理健康的影响,并同时考察社会支持在其中的调节与中介效应。方法采用成就动机量表、社会支持量表和心理健康症状自评量表,对358名滇西贫困大学生进行调查。结果成就动机与心理健康症状存在显著负相关(r=-0.448,P0.01),社会支持的调节作用不显著(t=0.141,P0.05),但社会支持的中介作用(β=-0.055,P0.01)显著;并且成就动机与心理健康的直接效应值(β=-0.353,P0.001)大于由社会支持中介的间接效应值(β=-0.055,P0.01)。结论以增强成就动机水平为主,提升社会支持程度为辅,可能是促进贫困大学生心理健康水平的有效方式。     

生物反馈训练对大学生心理健康的影响

目的探讨生物反馈训练对提高大学生心理健康状况的有效性。方法将26名大学生随机分为实验者和控制组,对实验组进行生物反馈的干预训练,采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行效果评估。结果经6周训练后,实验组被试的整体心理健康水平比控制组有所提高,其中在人际关系因子（z=-2．16,P〈0．05）和强迫因子上（z=-2．39,P〈0．05）的改善效果明显;心理健康水平正常的被试组大多数因子改善效果均好于心理健康水平偏低的被试组;同时,生物反馈训练在脑电口波的训练具有显著效果（Z=-2．37,P〈0．05）,且心理健康水平正常的被试组表现更明显。结论生物反馈训练对提高大学生的心理健康水平具有显著效果。     

Use of the Internet for Sexual Health Among Sexually Experienced Persons Aged 16 to 44 Years: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey of the British Population

BackgroundThose who go online regarding their sexual health are potential users of new Internet-based sexual health interventions. Understanding the size and characteristics of this population is important in informing intervention design and delivery.ObjectiveWe aimed to estimate the prevalence in Britain of recent use of the Internet for key sexual health reasons (for chlamydia testing, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] testing, sexually transmitted infection [STI] treatment, condoms/contraceptives, and help/advice with one’s sex life) and to identify associated sociodemographic and behavioral factors.MethodsComplex survey analysis of data from 8926 sexually experienced persons aged 16-44 years in a 2010-2012 probability survey of Britain’s resident population. Prevalence of recent (past year) use of Internet sources for key sexual health reasons was estimated. Factors associated with use of information/support websites were identified using logistic regression to calculate age-adjusted odds ratios (AORs).ResultsRecent Internet use for chlamydia/HIV testing or STI treatment (combined) was very low (men: 0.31%; women: 0.16%), whereas 2.35% of men and 0.51% of women reported obtaining condoms/contraceptives online. Additionally, 4.49% of men and 4.57% of women reported recent use of information/support websites for advice/help with their sex lives. Prevalence declined with age (men 16-24 years: 7.7%; 35-44 years: 1.84%, P<.001; women 16-24 years: 7.8%; 35-44 years: 1.84%, P<.001). Use of information/support websites was strongly associated with men’s higher socioeconomic status (managerial/professional vs semiroutine/routine: AOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.27-2.93, P<.001). Despite no overall association with area-level deprivation, those in densely populated urban areas were more likely to report use of information/support websites than those living in rural areas (men: AOR 3.38, 95% CI 1.68-6.77, P<.001; women: AOR 2.51, 95% CI 1.34-4.70, P<.001). No statistically significant association was observed with number of sex partners reported after age adjustment, but use was more common among men reporting same-sex partners (last 5 years: AOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.27-4.70), women reporting sex with multiple partners without condoms (last year: AOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.11-3.26), and, among both sexes, reporting seeking sex online (last year, men: AOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.16-2.79; women: AOR 3.00, 95% CI 1.76-5.13). No association was observed with reporting STI diagnosis/es (last 5 years) or (after age adjustment) recent use of any STI service or non-Internet sexual health seeking.ConclusionsA minority in Britain used the Internet for the sexual health reasons examined. Use of information/support websites was reported by those at greater STI risk, including younger people, indicating that demand for online STI services, and Internet-based sexual health interventions in general, may increase over time in this and subsequent cohorts. However, the impact on health inequalities needs addressing during design and evaluation of online sexual health interventions so that they maximize public health benefit.     

中国三城市精神健康素养调查

目的:调查城市人群的精神健康素养及相关因素.方法:在中国东部的无锡、中部长沙、西部西安三城市,对高中学生、大学生以班为单位进行简单随机整群抽样,对社区以家庭为单位取样,选用了抑郁症、强迫症、躁狂症和以阳性症状为主及以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症5个案例,以及相关问题形成"精神健康素养问卷",对被调查者的精神健康素养及相关因素进行调查.结果:共回收有效问卷7309份.被调查者人群对躁狂症识别率最高,达54.1%,识别阴性症状为主的精神分裂症最低,仅为11.2%,5个案例的平均识别率为41.7%.被调查者的受教育程度越高,识别率越高,受教育程度不同的社区人群平均正确识别的案例平均数为:小学(1.03±0.95)、初中(1.54±1.26)、高中(1.65±1.35)、大学(1.81±1.24)和研究生(2.75±1.07).性格问题、受了打击、工作压力被认为是精神障碍的3个主要原因,被调查者对精神障碍患者,特别是精神分裂症和躁狂症患者持有较强烈的负面态度.结论:与其他国家的相关研究比较,本研究被调查者对5种常见精神障碍的正确识别率尚可,被调查者的受教育程度越高,识别率越高,被调查者普遍对精神障碍患者持有较强的负面态度.     

大学生心身健康水平及其相关因素的四年追踪观察

目的：追踪观察大学生自入学至毕业约四年内的心身健康水平及其相关因素的动态变化。方法：以群体分层抽样法,共抽取受试样本541人,实际有效样本442人。采用中国身心健康量表（CPSHS）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、防御方式问卷（DSQ）、生活事件量表（LES）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）,大学生在入学体检时、入学三个月和毕业前分别进行测试。结果：毕业前学生心身障碍的检出率（14％）明显高于入学时（9．0％）。男生EPQ－P,入学后随校龄增加而递增,并以毕业前分值最高。从入学三个月始,大学生对不成熟防御机制的动用频率逐步增高。毕业前大学生的生活事件明显多于其它时段,并以家庭问题为主,而入学时则以社交与其它问题为多。结论：大学生在校期间以毕业前心身障碍的检出率最高,大学生心身健康水平主要与其个性、家庭有关的生活事件数量、主观社会支持、性别、年龄有密切关系。其中,社会支持是大学生心身健康的保护因素。     

Online Prevention Aimed at Lifestyle Behaviors: A Systematic Review of Reviews

Background

Interventions aimed at behavior change are increasingly being delivered over the Internet. Although research on intervention effectiveness has been widely conducted, their true public health impact as indicated by reach, effectiveness, and use is unclear.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to (1) review the current literature on online prevention aimed at lifestyle behaviors, and (2) identify research gaps regarding reach, effectiveness, and use.

Methods

A systematic search in PubMed revealed relevant literature published between 2005 and 2012 on Internet-delivered behavior change interventions aimed at dietary behaviors, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, and condom use. Our search yielded 41 eligible reviews, which were analyzed in terms of reach, effectiveness, and use according to the RE-AIM framework.

Results

According to health priorities, interventions are largely targeted at weight-related behaviors, such as physical activity and dietary behavior. Evaluations are predominantly effect-focused and overall effects are small, variable, and not sustainable. Determinants of effectiveness are unclear; effectiveness cannot yet be unambiguously attributed to isolated elements. Actual reach of interventions is undiversified, mostly reaching participants who are female, highly educated, white, and living in high-income countries. One of the most substantial problems in online prevention is the low use of the interventions, a phenomenon seen across all behavior domains.

Conclusions

More research is needed on effective elements instead of effective interventions, with special attention to long-term effectiveness. The reach and use of interventions need more scientific input to increase the public health impact of Internet-delivered interventions.     

内观疗法对大学生心理健康与感戴能力的干预

目的探究大学生心理健康水平和感戴能力关系以及内观疗法对二者的干预效果。方法采用董霞修订的大学生感戴量表和《SCL-90症状自评量表》对122名大学生施测。结果①内观组SCL-90前后得分差异显著下降了（t=5．036,P=0．000）,另外内观组大学生感戴能力在内观前后显著提升（t=-5．928,P=0．000）。团辅组SCL-90得分前后差异显著（t=2．220,P=0．037）,而感戴能力在处理后也得到了显著提升（t=-3．017,P=0．006）。空白对照组在施测一周后SCL-90得分明显下降（t=5．485,P=0．000）,但感戴能力得分没有显著差异;（至）3组SCL-90前后测差异不显著,内观组和团辅组感戴能力前后测显著大于空白对照组（F=9．822,P=0．000）③感戴能力与心理健康水平存在线性关系（B=-0．132）。结论①内观疗法和团体辅导活动均可提升大学生感戴能力和心理健康水平;②大学生感戴能力对大学生心理健康水平具有良好的预测作用。     

心理健康教育对大学生心理健康水平的影响研究

目的 探讨心理健康教育讲座对大学生心理健康状况的影响,以便为在校大学生心理干预研究提供依据.方法 选取某医学院校140名大学生,采用对照研究,75名作为实验组.另外65名作为对照组.实验组接受为期2个月的心理健康教育讲座干预,对照组不接受任何处理.干预前后进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)和人际关系综合诊断量表测查.结果...