肝癌肝部分切除术后患者血小板计数与肝功能恢复的相关性研究

目的 探讨肝细胞肝癌(下称肝癌)行肝部分切除术后患者血小板计数与肝功能恢复的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2005年2月至2011年2月在我院行肝部分切除术的212例经病理诊断为肝细胞性肝癌患者的临床资料,分析术后血小板计数与血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT),血清谷草转氨酶(AST),血清总胆红素(TB)及凝血酶原时间(PT)等肝功能指标恢复的关系.结果 212例肝癌患者中,低血小板计数(<100×109/L)为78例,正常血小板计数(≥100×109/L)为134例,出现肝功能恢复延迟的为27例.Kaplan-meier分析显示,肝癌肝部分切除术后,血小板计数低的患者出现肝功能恢复延迟的几率显著升高,为血小板计数正常患者的3.6倍.结论 术后患者低血小板计数(<100×109/L)可导致肝功能恢复延迟,术后低血小板计数可作为肝癌术后肝功能恢复差的指标,提高肝癌术后血小板计数是防治肝功能衰竭的可行策略.     

肝癌切除联合门静脉、肝动脉置泵化疗的临床观察

目的 探讨肝癌切除联合门静脉、肝动脉置泵化疗治疗肝癌的临床疗效及其应用价值. 方法 1998年3月至2002年3月采用肝癌切除63例,随机分为2组,Ⅰ组24例仅行肝癌切除,Ⅱ组39例肝癌切除时联合门静脉、肝动脉置泵化疗,58例获随访. 结果 5例手术后3个月内死于肝肾功能衰竭,53例术后恢复良好.术后1,2,3年复发率和生存率据统计学检验,Ⅱ组的手术后复发率明显低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组的手术后生存率明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01). 结论 肝癌切除联合门静脉、肝动脉置泵化疗,可以降低术后复发率,提高生存率.     

联合手术治疗原发性肝癌伴严重门脉高压症的手术安全性

目的 探讨联合手术(肝癌切除术联合脾切除术、门奇静脉断流术)治疗原发性肝细胞癌伴门静脉高压症患者的安全性和有效性.方法 将1999年4月至2004年4月间我科收治的116例原发性肝细胞癌伴或不伴门静脉高压症患者分为3组,联合手术组为肝癌伴严重门脉高压症行联合手术的患者,对照Ⅰ组为肝癌伴轻度门脉高压症行肝癌切除术的患者,对照Ⅱ组为肝癌不伴门脉高压症行肝癌切除术的患者:对比各组临床资料及远期随访结果 .结果 116例患者仅对照Ⅰ组的1例术前肝功能评分为Child C级患者发生围手术期死亡;联合手术组术后腹水发生率高于对照Ⅱ组.3年随访中116例患者共死亡63例:联合手术组远期出血率明显低于对照Ⅰ组;Kaplan-Meier生存分析提示联合手术组与对照Ⅱ组的远期生存相仿.而无论是联合手术组还是对照Ⅱ组的远期生存率都优于对照Ⅰ组.结论 联合手术是治疗原发性肝癌伴严重门静脉高压症患者的安全有效手段;对伴轻度门脉高压的肝癌患者仅行肝切除术,其术后出血率较高,远期生存率较差,故时此类肝癌患者亦应重视门静脉高压症的治疗.     

不阻断肝门切除肝癌的近期临床观察

目的: 探讨不阻断入肝血流肝切除手术的安全性及技巧,以及对残肝功能和术后并发症的影响.方法: 利用病例对照研究,比较阻断与不阻断入肝血流切除肝癌,观察术后并发症发生率、术中出血量等指标.结果: 甲组(阻断入肝血流,n=59),乙组(不阻断入肝血流,n=42).甲组和乙组术中估计失血量分别为:(892±843)ml,(914±894)ml,P>0.05.甲组和乙组术中输血量分别为:(955±992)ml,(1220±982)ml,P>0.05.甲组和乙组术后ALT恢复正常时间分别为:(17±6)d,(12±4)d,P<0.05.甲组和乙组术后Tbil恢复正常时间分别为:(18±7)d,(13±5)d,P<0.05.甲组和乙组术后并发症发生率分别为:41.2%,12.5%,P<0.05.结论: 本组资料显示不阻断入肝血流切肝可有效防止肝脏缺血再灌注损伤和降低术后并发症发生率,应用不阻断入肝血流切肝可行、安全.     

皮下植泵灌注药物预防原发性肝癌术后复发

目的: 对比分析皮下植泵灌注化疗药物降低原发性肝癌术后肝内复发率,提高生存率的效果.方法: 95例原发性肝癌切除术后,同时皮下植泵,泵导管植入肝动脉、门静脉,术后定期通过药泵灌注化疗药物至肝脏(A组);行单纯肝癌切除术72例(B组);肝癌切除术加静脉化疗65例(C组).随访3年,比较3组的术后复发率和生存率.结果: 原发性肝癌术后皮下植泵组与对照组比较,术后3年的肝内复发率显著降低(P<0.01),生存率显著提高(P<0.01).结论: 皮下植泵定期灌注化疗是防止原发性肝癌术后肝内复发,提高生存率的有效方法.     

肝癌切除联合脾动脉结扎治疗肝癌并门静脉高压症

目的 探讨肝癌切除联合脾动脉结扎治疗肝癌并门静脉高压症的外科策略和疗效.方法 回顾性分析2007年9月至2011年12月我院收治的肝癌合并门静脉高压症患者31例的临床资料和手术疗效.结果 患者术前血小板计数平均为(59.50±22.43)×109/L,术后第2周血小板计数为(136.01±70.41)×109/L(P<0.05).术前白细胞计数平均为(3.32±1.25)×109/L,术后第2周白细胞计数为(9.63±3.36)× 109/L(P<0.05).术前、术后红细胞计数以及脾动脉结扎前后门静脉压力相比较无统计学意义.结论 选择性使用肝癌切除联合脾动脉结扎治疗肝癌并门静脉高压症可以缓解脾亢情况,有益于康复.     

两种肝囊肿开窗术式前瞻对照研究

目的 比较腹腔镜与开腹开窗术治疗肝囊肿的疗效.方法 采用前瞻性病例对照研究,其中开腹肝囊肿开窗术32例(开腹组),腹腔镜肝囊肿开窗术31例(腔镜组),比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、离床活动时间、术后住院时间.结果 腔镜组与开腹组在手术时间(44±11)min us(72±12)min]、术中出血量[(15±5)mL us(56±10)mL)]、胃肠功能恢复时间[(12±9)h us(46±8)h)]、术后离床活动时间[(1.1±0.7)d us(2.5±1.2)d]及住院时间[(4.1±1.9)d us(7.4±2.3)d]等方面比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);并发症发生率两组无明显差异(P>0.05).两组随访6个月彩超复查囊肿无复发.结论 腹腔镜肝囊肿开窗术具有手术时间短、出血少、恢复快、住院时间短等优点.     

原位二级脾蒂离断脾切除术的临床应用

目的 探讨原位二级脾蒂离断脾切除术在择期脾切除中的临床应用.方法 比较分析2000年6月至2008年5月问106例原位二级脾蒂离断脾切除术与118例传统睥切除术的手术时间、术中出血、术后住院时间以及术后并发症等临床资料.结果 与传统组比较,原位组的术中出血量、术后住院时间显著缩短[(310.4±55.2)ml vs(554.3±71.6)ml;(12.9±4.3)vs(15.7d±6.8)d,P<0.05)];门静脉血栓和胰漏的发生率显著降低[(0.9%vs 6.7%;O vs 7.6%,P<0.05)];手术时间虽有延长,但两组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 在择期病理脾切除时,原位二级脾蒂离断脾切除术是一种较好的备选术式方案.     

头高30°体位在小切口胆囊切除术中的临床应用

目的 分析评价头高300体住在小切口胆囊切除术临床应用中的优越性.方法 回顾分析2005-2008年我院施行的头高30°体位小切口胆囊切除术558例临床资料.结果 本组558例切口长3~4 cm.手术时间为(20.0±10.0)min.全组手术均顺利完成,术后当日可下床活动,无并发症发生.切口愈合良好.结论 头高30°体位小切口胆囊切除术,可优化手术操作步骤,从而进一步缩小胆囊切口,缩短手术时间.此外,此种体位易于施行,适合临床广泛开展.     

左肾旁前间隙入路在保留脾动静脉腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中的应用

目的 探讨保留脾动静脉腹腔镜胰体尾切除术安全快捷的手术入路.方法 回顾总结我院12 例保留脾动静脉腹腔镜胰体尾切除术的手术过程及结果,分析左肾前间隙入路在保留脾动静脉腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中的应用.结果 12 例手术顺利完成,平均手术时间(55±18)min,术中出血量(80±46)mL,术后平均住院时间7.6 d,术后未发生胰漏等并发症.结论 左肾前间隙入路是脾动静脉腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中安全快捷的手术入路.     

腹腔镜下左半肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效及安全性

目的:探讨腹腔镜下左半肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择64例手术治疗的原发性肝癌患者,分为研究组(n=28,行腹腔镜下左半肝切除术)与对照组(n=36,行常规开腹肝癌切除术)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后ICU时间、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间等临床指标,以及肝功能衰竭、胆漏、腹水、气体栓塞等术后并发症。观察术后生存时间及术后1年肿瘤复发率。结果:研究组手术时间、术中出血量、术后ICU时间、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间等指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随访1年,术后生存时间及术后肿瘤复发率差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下左半肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌临床疗效显著,手术安全性高,且预后结局较理想,具有良好的临床治疗价值。     

Role of node dissection for lymphatic remetastasis in repeat hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis

BACKGROUND: Although the prognosis after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis with hilar node remetastasis is poor, the role of node dissection for lymphatic remetastasis at repeat hepatectomy for hepatic recurrence is unknown. METHODS: Fifty patients who underwent node dissection plus hepatectomy were retrospectively reviewed and divided into three groups: group I, 38 patients with a negative node; group II, 6 with a positive node at initial hepatectomy, and group III, 6 with a positive node at repeat hepatectomy. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate after initial hepatectomy in group I was 46%. All patients in group II died within 2 years after surgery. In group III, the median survival time was 42 months after repeat hepatectomy, and 4 patients survived for more than 5 years after initial hepatectomy. Disease-free time was more than 1 year after initial hepatectomy in all long-term survivors. In addition, node metastasis was limited around the hepatic pedicle and postpancreatic area in 3 of 4 long-term survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Node dissection for lymphatic remetastasis may contribute to longer survival only when node metastasis is limited around the hepatic pedicle and postpancreatic area at repeat hepatectomy performed more than 1 year after the initial hepatectomy.     

Preoperative internal biliary drainage is superior to external biliary drainage in liver regeneration and function after hepatectomy in obstructive jaundiced rats

OBJECTIVE: To examine the differences in regeneration rates and functions of the liver at the time of and after hepatectomy in obstructive jaundiced rats with preoperative external and internal biliary drainage. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The significance of biliary drainage before surgery is controversial in patients with obstructive jaundice. METHODS: After biliary obstruction for 7 days, rats were randomly divided into three groups: obstructive jaundice and hepatectomy (OJ-Hx), external biliary drainage and hepatectomy (ED-Hx), and internal biliary drainage and hepatectomy (ID-Hx). The OJ-Hx group underwent hepatectomy without biliary drainage; the other two groups underwent hepatectomy after biliary drainage for 7 days. At the time of hepatectomy, all rats were provided with internal biliary drainage. On days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7 after hepatectomy, the DNA synthesis rate and the concentrations of adenine nucleotides and malondialdehyde in the liver were determined as markers of the hepatic regeneration rate, energy status, and lipoperoxide concentration, respectively. Portal endotoxin concentrations were measured and serum hyaluronic acid concentrations were determined as an indicator of hepatic endothelial function. RESULTS: The relative liver weight was significantly higher in the ID-Hx group than in the OJ-Hx group on days 1, 3, and 7 after hepatectomy and than in the ED-Hx group on days 1 and 2. The rate of hepatic DNA synthesis was significantly higher in the ID-Hx group than in the OJ-Hx and ED-Hx groups on day 1. The rate was similar in the ED-Hx and ID-Hx groups on day 2 but was significantly higher than in the OJ-Hx group. The hepatic malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher on day 1 in the ED-Hx group than in the other two groups. It was lowest in the ID-Hx group throughout the study. Both biliary drainage procedures lowered the portal endotoxin concentration and serum hyaluronic acid concentration at the time of hepatectomy. The serum hyaluronic acid concentration was lowest in the ID Hx group. Hepatic adenine triphosphate concentrations and energy charge levels were similar among the three groups. CONCLUSION: Although both external and internal biliary drainage before hepatectomy improved serum liver function tests, portal endotoxin concentration, and serum hyaluronic acid concentration at the time of surgery, preoperative internal biliary drainage was superior to external drainage, as evidenced by the better liver regeneration and function after hepatectomy.     

小肝癌切除术后并发肝功能衰竭20例

目的 探讨小肝癌术后肝功能衰竭的原因和防治。方法 回顾性分析近3年我院小肝癌切除的临床资料。结果 近3年我院共行直径＜3cm小肝癌409例，术后发生肝功能衰竭者20例(4．89％)，其中行肿瘤切除附加门奇断流术者占85％。与无肝功能衰竭者相比，术后出现肝功能衰竭的病人术中出血量明显多于后者(P＜0．01)。结论 小肝癌术后肝功能衰竭的发生并不少见。小肝癌术后肝功能衰竭的原因除了本身有较重的肝硬化外，术中出血量多、附加其他手术致手术创伤大也是重要因素。因此，对小肝癌，尤其是合并门脉高压症者，不可盲目追求行根治性肿瘤切除术以及随意附加门脉高压症手术。     

Prognostic factors for poor survival after repeat hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases

BACKGROUND: The recurrence rate for colorectal liver metastases after repeat hepatic resection is high, and selection criteria for repeat hepatectomy are still controversial. METHODS: Clinical data of patients undergoing repeat hepatectomy for metastatic colon cancer were reviewed retrospectively and compared with those of initial hepatectomy and other treatments to determine criteria for repeat hepatectomy and to confirm its efficacy. RESULTS: For 22 patients who underwent repeat hepatectomy, no mortality and an 18% morbidity rate were observed. The 3-year survival rate after repeat hepatectomy was 49%. The only poor prognostic factor after repeat hepatectomy was a serum carcinoembryonic antigen level greater than 50 ng/mL before initial hepatectomy. The prognosis for patients who underwent repeat hepatectomy and had shown high carcinoembryonic antigen levels before initial hepatectomy was approximately equal to that for the patients who received systemic chemotherapy or hepatic arterial infusion for unresectable tumors in the remnant liver. CONCLUSION: Repeat hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases can be performed safely and appears to be as effective as initial hepatectomy. However, for patients with a carcinoembryonic antigen level greater than 50 ng/mL before the initial hepatectomy, repeat hepatic resection alone may not be as effective, and a new strategy is needed.     

Sildenafil accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats

Objective

The regeneration process causes the liver to achieve an adequate volume and function after major hepatectomy or living donor liver transplantation. Sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor used for erectile dysfunction, impacts the liver by enhancing the effects of nitric oxide. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sildenafil on liver regeneration in rats after partial hepatectomy.

Methods

Sixty young female Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into three equal groups before 70% hepatectomy. Thereafter, we administered intraperitoneal saline to the control group (G1); 10 μg/kg sildenafil to the low-dose group (G2) and 100 μg/kg to the high-dose sildenafil group (G3). Half of the rats per group were sacrificed on the first and the other half on the fifth postoperative day after partial hepatectomy. Regeneration was assessed using three methods: (1) the formula described by Kwon et al formula, (2) the average number of mitotic figures in 10 microscopic fields, and (3) the average of Ki-67-positive nuclei in 1000 cells using immunohistochemistry.

Results

Although, the hepatic regeneration and mitosis rates were similar in all three groups, Ki-67 levels were significantly higher in both G2 and G3 than the control group on the first postoperative day. Hepatic regeneration was significantly greater in G2 and G3 than the control group as was the mitosis rate in the G2 group versus the two groups. By the 5th postoperative day Ki-67 levels were similar in the three groups.

Conclusion

Sildenafil treatment accelerated hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats.     

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??Objective:Present the experience on a variety of hepatectomy by occluding the branches of hepatic artery(HA) and portal vein(PV) to the liver lobe,segment or subsegments in hilar H fissure for 335 patients from 1978 to 2006. Methods:According to the size and location of liver tumor,major hepatectomy (65 cases),resection of separated hepatic subsegments (15cases,HS),resection of adjacent HS (209 cases),and resection of single HS(46 cases) were used to treat these patients. Results:??1??Operative mortality rate was 3.0%(10/335,8 for liver failure and 2 for bleeding)??2??Long??term survival:8 HCC patients survived for 10-19 years.11,5,4 years survival for 1 patient respectively in hilar cholangiocarcinoma.1/2-3years survival for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.1/2-1 year survival for carcinoma of gallbladder.All patients of benign liver diseases were cured. Conclusion:??1??Separated multiple hepatic subsegmentectomy is an effective procedure in one operation to cure the compacted stones in 2-6 subsegmental hepatic ducts both in right and left lobes.??2??This procedure is reasonable,effective and low cost for hepatectomy.??3??Current treatment of B hepatitis is essential for preventing metastasis or recurrence after resection of HCC associated with B hepatitis based on the experience of long??term survivals.     

肝切除时门静脉血部分动脉化的研究

目的 研究犬门静脉血部分动脉化的肝保护作用。方法 建立大保留肝（占全肝６０％）暂时性血流阻断、肝固有动脉切断并切除未阻断肝的急性肝衰模型（对照组）,并行肝总动脉与胃十二指肠静脉吻合（Ａ－Ｐ组）,观察生存率并定时测定丙氨酸转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）、动脉血酮体比（ＡＫＢＲ）及肝动脉脉、门静脉血气分析。结果 对照组７天生存率为３７．５％,Ａ－Ｐ组均较差异有非常显著性（Ｐ〈０．０１）,门静脉和肝静脉血氧分压均较术     

再次肝切除治疗复发性肝癌疗效及预后因素分析

目的：探讨再次肝切除治疗复发性肝癌的价值并分析影响预后的相关因素。 方法：回顾性分析重庆医科大学附属第一医院2006—2013年26例复发性肝癌施行再次肝切除的临床资料。 结果：首次与再次手术的术中出血量、手术时间差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。首次术后中位无瘤生存时间21.0（3~192）个月,1、3、5年无瘤生存率为69.6%、26.1%、8.7%;再次肝切除术后中位无瘤生存时间为19.0（3~35）个月,1、3、5年无瘤生存率为68.4%、0、0,中位生存时间为 40.0个月,1、3、5年累积生存率为83.5%、55.7%、13.0%。26例患者总的生存时间为（87.8±19.3）个月,总中位生存时间为57.0个月,1、3、5年累计生存率100%、60.8%、30.4%。首次术后早期（2年内）复发行再次肝切除患者的生存率明显低于首次术后晚期（2年后）复发行再次切肝除患者（P=0.001）。单因素分析显示,复发间隔、手术方式及病理分期与再次肝切除术后的生存有关（均P<0.05）,三者在多因素分析中的P值分别为0.089、0.006、0.054。 结论：再次肝切除可提高复发性肝癌总生存率,但要严格选择适应证与合理的手术方式。复发间隔越短及肿瘤病理分期越晚,再次肝切除手术预后不良。     

肝门区域血管阻断肝段切除335例报告

目的总结在肝门H沟中阻断各肝叶、肝段或肝亚段的入肝血管分支,施行各种类型肝切除的经验。方法回顾性分析四川大学华西医院和成都康桥医院1987-2006年行肝门区域血管阻断肝段切除的335例病人资料,其中根据肿瘤的部位和大小分别行大型肝切除(65例)、间隔性多个肝亚段切除(15例)、邻接多个肝亚段切除(209例)和单个肝亚段切除(46例)。结果术后死亡10例(3.0%)。死于肝衰8例,出血2例。肝细胞癌(HCC)存活10~19年8例,肝内胆管癌术后存活0.5~3年。肝门胆管癌存活11年、5年、4年各1例。胆囊癌存活0.5~1年。良性肝病切肝后皆痊愈。6例肝内胆管结石尚需处理他处残留结石。结论(1)间隔性多个肝段切除是一次手术治愈多支肝内胆管簇集性结石的有效方法。(2)该手术避免了全阻断入肝血流,缩小了术中肝缺血的范围,有效地减少了术中失血,提高了大肝癌的切除率,减轻了术后肝功能损害,是一个合理、有效、成本低廉的切肝手术方法。(3)从术后长期存活者体会乙肝的现代治疗对预防肝癌的转移和复发有重要意义。