磁共振相位对比法成像评价慢性肝病肝储备功能的初步研究

目的 探讨磁共振相位对比法成像在评价慢性肝病肝储备功能的应用价值.方法 对30例正常志愿者及60例慢性肝病病人行肝脏磁共振相位对比法成像(包括15例治疗前后的随访复查).测量并比较正常组及肝功能终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分各组间(评分<30分,30～36分,>36分3组)门脉主干平均血流速度和每分流量.结果 MELD评分<30分组与MELD评分>36分组间门静脉主干平均血流速度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余MELD评分各组及正常组两两间门脉主干平均血流速度和每分流量无显著性差异(P>0.05);治疗后门脉主干平均血流速度较治疗前增高(P<0.01),每分流量较治疗前增加(P<0.05).结论 磁共振相位对比法成像可对慢性肝病患者病肝的储备能力进行评估.     

A study of the relationship between the portal vein thrombosis and clinical progression in portal hypertension on multi-slice CT portal venography

目的:采用64排螺旋CT门静脉成像探讨肝硬化(LC)门脉高压症(PH)门静脉血栓(PVT)形成对临床病程进展的影响.方法:对183例LC患者行CT检查,其中并发PVT者109例,无血栓者74例,应用MIP、MPR、CPR方法多角度多层面显示门静脉系统血管结构和侧支循环,测量血栓范围和狭窄程度.分别比较PVT组和对照组之间、不同Child-Pugh(CP)分级亚组间的肝功能、凝血功能、门脉系统血管宽度、侧支循环、脾脏大小的差异,分析PVT组各影像特之间及其与肝功能的相关性.结果:PVT组与对照组间的血清总胆红素、门静脉和脾静脉宽度、脾面积、脾/胃-肾分流的差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.830、P=0.005;t=3.576、P<0.001;t=0.780、P=0.043;t=3.491、P=0.001;χ2= 5.350、P=0.021),PVT组平均值均较高,且在CP的B和/或C级下差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A级中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);前腹壁静脉曲张在各分级中差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.485,P=0.034).PVT组肠系膜上静脉血栓与肠壁水肿有一定的相关性(r=0.227,P=0.018);脾静脉与胃左静脉宽度有一定的相关性(r=0.371,P<0.001).结论:门静脉血栓形成与门脉高压症病情密切相关,可能为促进肝硬化临床病程发展的重要因素.     

MSCT门静脉成像对门脉高压症中门静脉血栓形成与临床病情关系的研究

目的:采用64排螺旋CT门静脉成像探讨肝硬化(LC)门脉高压症(PH)门静脉血栓(PVT)形成对临床病程进展的影响。方法:对183例LC患者行CT检查,其中并发PVT者109例,无血栓者74例,应用MIP、MPR、CPR方法多角度多层面显示门静脉系统血管结构和侧支循环,测量血栓范围和狭窄程度。分别比较PVT组和对照组之间、不同Child-Pugh(CP)分级亚组间的肝功能、凝血功能、门脉系统血管宽度、侧支循环、脾脏大小的差异,分析PVT组各影像特征之间及其与肝功能的相关性。结果:PVT组与对照组间的血清总胆红素、门静脉和脾静脉宽度、脾面积、脾/胃-肾分流的差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.830、P=0.005;t=3.576、P<0.001;t=0.780、P=0.043;t=3.491、P=0.001;χ2=5.350、P=0.021),PVT组平均值均较高,且在CP的B和/或C级下差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A级中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);前腹壁静脉曲张在各分级中差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.485,P=0.034)。PVT组肠系膜上静脉血栓与肠壁水肿有一定的相关性(r=0.227,P=0.018);脾静脉与胃左静脉宽度有一定的相关性(r=0.371,P<0.001)。结论:门静脉血栓形成与门脉高压症病情密切相关,可能为促进肝硬化临床病程发展的重要因素。     

脾脏ADC值与门脉高压及脾亢关系的初步探讨

目的 探究脾脏表观扩散系数(ADC)值与门脉高压的关系.方法 52例行腹部MRI(包括扩散加权成像)检查,其中正常组18例,肝硬化无门脉高压症组24例及有门脉高压症组10例,分别测量脾脏ADC值,并进行组间比较.分析肝硬化患者脾亢指标--外周血细胞(RBC/WBC/PLT)数值与脾脏ADC值的相应关系.结果 随着门脉高压的出现脾脏ADC值降低,2组间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).ADC值的变化与脾亢指标无明显相关性.结论 门脉高压时脾脏ADC值的下降反映了相应的血流动力学状况,但并不能反映相伴发生的脾亢.     

肝硬化640层CT肝灌注容积扫描肝血管成像的临床应用研究

目的:探讨利用640层CT肝灌注容积数据对肝硬化患者进行肝血管成像的可行性及其临床应用价值.方法:25例肝功正常(A组)和50例肝硬化患者(B组:Child-Pugh A级25例;C组:Child-Pugh B级25例)行640层CT肝灌注检查,绘制时间-密度曲线(TDC),测量主动脉和门静脉的达峰值时间(TTP)、峰值(PV)及门静脉与肝脏密度差的最大值(P-L).选取主动脉峰值期的容积数据进行肝动脉血管成像;采用P-L值最大的1期及3期容积数据对门静脉进行单期和多期融合成像,并对比两种成像方法的图像质量.结果:三组间主动脉TTP和PV的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).肝硬化组门静脉的TTP较对照组长,PV及P-L值下降,3组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);进一步两两比较,除A与B组间门脉TTP值的差异无统计学意义外,其余各组间3个参数的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).3组均可显示肝动脉3级分支.门脉多期融合成像质量优于单期成像(P＜0.05),A组可显示3～4级门静脉分支,B和C组可显示1～3级门静脉分支.结论:利用640层CT全肝灌注成像容积数据进行血管成像,能清晰显示肝动脉和门静脉,有助于肝硬化患者临床治疗方案的制订.     

经皮胃冠状静脉栓塞联合部分脾栓塞术治疗门静脉高压症

目的:探讨联合介入术在治疗门静脉高压症中的作用。方法:对50例高危门脉高压患者随机分组,A组25例行胃冠状静脉栓塞术(PTVE)联合部分脾栓塞术(PSE),B组25例行单纯PSE术,所有患者于术前和术后分别行彩色多普勒和测压导管检查了解门静脉侧支循环、门静脉压力,对两组的各项指标进行对比分析。结果:两组行介入术后脾功能亢进均得到缓解,采用联合介入术式的患者曲张静脉全部得到栓塞;A、B两组术前、术后门静脉内径均变小,血流速度减慢,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但B组门静脉压力减低较A组明显(P<0.05);A组奇静脉内径变小,血流速度减慢(P<0.05),B组奇静脉内径无变化,流速减慢,两组间奇静脉血流量下降幅度有明显差异(P<0.01)。结论:联合介入术能有效治疗门脉高压食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血和脾功能亢进,该方法侵袭性小,适用于肝功能差不能耐受外科手术的患者,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

正常肝脏和肝硬化门静脉高压患者CT增强扫描参数研究

目的 :探讨正常肝脏和肝硬化门静脉高压患者增强扫描参数对图像质量的影响。方法 :收集正常志愿者(60例)和肝硬化门静脉高压患者(90例),依据对比剂剂量、扫描时间,将正常志愿者分为常规组(A组)和大剂量组(B组),将肝硬化门静脉高压患者分为常规剂量常规扫描组(C组)、大剂量常规扫描组(D组)、大剂量延时扫描组(E组),每组各30例。获得双期图像后,测量动脉期肝动脉CT值,门静脉期门静脉、肝实质、肝静脉CT值及门静脉肝实质CT值差值,并对双期图像质量进行双盲目测评分。结果:A组与B组肝动脉、门静脉、肝静脉CT值及门静脉与肝实质CT值差值比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),肝实质CT值2组间比较差异无统计学意义;A组、B组图像质量评分差异无统计学意义。C组与D组比较,肝动脉、门静脉、肝实质、肝静脉CT值、门静脉与肝实质CT值差值差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。E组与D组比较,肝动脉、门静脉强化程度差异无统计学意义;肝静脉CT值、肝实质CT值上升,门静脉与肝实质CT值差值减小,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);C组、D组、E组图像质量评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:当对比剂注射速率为3 m L/s时,正常人对比剂剂量为1.5 m L/kg体质量,动脉期扫描起始时间28 s,门静脉期扫描起始时间60 s,可获得较满意图像;肝硬化门静脉高压患者对比剂剂量为2.0 m L/kg体质量,动脉期扫描起始时间33 s,门静脉期扫描起始时间70 s,可获得较满意图像。     

肺部周围型空洞性鳞癌与腺癌的CT对比研究

目的对比分析肺部空洞形成的周围型鳞癌及腺癌的CT征象。方法回顾性分析43例肺部空洞形成并经病理证实的周围型肺鳞癌(21例)及腺癌(22例)的临床一般资料、肿瘤T分期及CT征象,两组间采用t检验,χ^2检验或Fisher确切概率法进行统计学分析。结果肺鳞癌空洞组在有吸烟史比例、T分期高于腺癌组(P<0.05),而两组在性别构成、发病年龄、肿瘤肺叶分布上无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。鳞癌组肿瘤最大径(57.93±16.43)mm vs(35.55±12.59)mm、空洞最大径(35.52±15.04)mm vs(20.73±11.15)mm及洞壁厚度(21.65±6.72)mm vs(15.36±5.98)mm均高于腺癌组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腺癌组空洞内血管及间隔、边缘磨玻璃密度出现的比例高于鳞癌组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肺部空洞形成的周围型鳞癌及腺癌在吸烟史、T分期及空洞内征象有差异,有助于两者之间的鉴别诊断。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术中覆膜支架与非覆膜支架效果的比较

目的 对比覆膜与非覆膜支架在TIPS中应用的临床疗效.方法 回顾性研究30例临床诊断为肝硬化接受TIPS治疗(按照术后是否有覆膜支架分为覆膜支架组20例、非覆膜支架组10例)的患者的临床资料.本组患者手术前后测量门静脉压力,术后彩色超声观察分流道通畅情况.采用四格表资料的Fisher确切概率法进行两组间病死率、再出血率及肝性脑病发生率等临床指标对比.结果 30例患者手术均成功,门静脉压力在覆膜组由术前(3.78±0.50)kPa降至术后(2.21±0.44)kPa,非覆膜组由术前(3.67±0.48)kPa降至术后(2.13±0.35)kPa.术后随访资料完整的26例(覆膜支架组17例,非覆膜支架组9例),随访时间为7 d～62个月(中位随访时间23个月).随访期内死亡13例,覆膜支架组8例、非覆膜支架组5例,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均死于上消化道出血及肝功能衰竭.覆膜组再出血5例、非覆膜组3例,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).发生肝性脑病在覆膜支架组4例、非覆膜支架组2例,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后6个月和1年分流道通畅率在覆膜支架组均为100.0%,非覆膜支架组分别为77.8%(7/9)和55.6%(5/9),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 覆膜支架组1年分流道通畅率优于非覆膜支架,但两组病死率、再出血率及肝性脑病发生率差异无统计学意义.     

超声多普勒Tei指数在评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴肺动脉高压患者右心室功能的应用价值

目的 探讨超声多普勒Tei指数在评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴肺动脉高压(PH)患者右心室功能中的应用价值。方法 选取40例COPD伴PH患者作为观察A组，另外选取40例单纯COPD患者作为观察B组，再选40例健康体检者作为对照组。对比三组超声心动图相关检查指标。另外再将观察A组与B组共80例患者按COPD分级分为轻度组(38例)、中重度组(42例)两组，对比两组R-TDL-Tei指数检测数据。结果 三组E/A、PASP对比均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察A组、B组EF值明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察A组、B组间EF值对比，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组Tei指数对比差异显著，观察A组>观察B组>对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中重度组Tei指数明显高于轻度组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 超声多普勒Tei指数在评估COPD伴PH患者右心功能中操作便捷，且评估准确。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）