西洋参茎叶总皂苷碱降解成分西洋参茎叶总皂苷碱降解成分

目的研究西洋参茎叶总皂苷碱降解成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱并结合HPLC进行分离纯化，通过波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从西洋参茎叶总皂苷碱降解产物中分离得到9种成分，分别鉴定为：20(S)-原人参二醇(I)，20(S)-达玛-25(26)-烯-3β,12β,20-三醇(II)，24(R)-ocotillol (III)，20(S)-原人参三醇(IV)，20(S)-达玛-25(26)-烯-3β,6α,12β,20-四醇(V)，达玛-20(21),24-二烯-3β,12β-二醇(VI)，达玛-20(21),24-二烯-3β,6α,12β-三醇(VII)，20(S),24(S)-达玛-25(26)-烯-3β,6α,12β,20,24-五醇(VIII)，20(S)-达玛-23-烯-25-过氧羟基-3β,6α,12β,20-四醇(IX)。结论碱降解20位S构型未改变。V，VII，VIII，IX为4个新化合物，并利用2D-NMR技术对新化合物的氢和碳的化学位移进行了归属。其中I对HCT-8人结肠癌细胞具有较强的细胞毒活性。     

拟人参皂苷F11在大鼠体内的药物代谢研究

目的探讨拟人参皂苷F11在大鼠体内的药物代谢产物及其过程.方法ip拟人参皂苷F₁₁后,应用TLC分析排泄物中的代谢产物,并利用制备薄层分离制备代谢产物,通过波谱解析(MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,¹H-¹HCOSY)确定其结构.结果从粪便中分离鉴定了3种代谢产物,分别为拟人参皂苷R_T5,ocotillol和1个新的代谢产物F-3-1,并确定其结构为6-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1-2)-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(20S,23S,24R)-达玛-20(24)-环氧-3β,6α,12β,23,25-五醇(6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(20S,23S,24R)-dammar-20(24)-epoxy-3-β,6α,12β,23,25-pentanol).但在尿液和胆汁中并未发现任何代谢产物.结论拟人参皂苷F₁₁不被肝脏代谢,但胆汁排泄物可在肠道被代谢为水解和氧化产物.     

衍生化法分离（2R，4R）-4-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯酒石酸盐手性异构体

目的 建立衍生化法分离（2R,4R）-4-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯酒石酸盐（MPFET）3种手性异构体。方法 以2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖异硫氰酸酯（GITC）为柱前衍生化试剂,对MPFET手性异构体进行分离,并对衍生化条件进行优化。采用Venusil AQ C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱作为固定相进行分离、监测和定量。以0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液（用磷酸调pH至3.6）-乙腈（60∶40）为流动相,体积流量1.5 mL/min进行等度洗脱,采用紫外检测器,检测波长266 nm;柱温30℃;进样量20 μL。结果 MPFET与2S,4S-异构体分离度为1.76。2S,4R-异构体的线性范围为1.500～8.999 μg/mL,2R,4S-异构体的线性范围为0.255 2～1.531 0 μg/mL,2S,4S-异构体的线性范围为0.250 1～75.000 0 μg/mL,MPFET的线性范围为0.250 1～600.100 0 μg/mL,回收率均在90%～108%内,RSD均不大于3.0%。结论 柱前衍生化法分离MPFET中3种手性异构体,专属性强、准确度高、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于MPFET手性异构体的分离和质量控制。     

铁破锣皂苷O和P的结构及其药理活性

目的研究我国特有药用植物铁破锣［Bessia calthaefolia (Maxim.) Ulhr.］根茎的化学成分。方法利用各种色谱技术进行分离,根据化合物的光谱数据(IR,MS,1HNMR,13CNMR,2DNMR)和化学方法鉴定其结构,并对所得单体成分进行药理活性筛选。结果从甘肃产铁破锣根茎的氯仿萃取物中分离得到2个化合物,分别鉴定为:(20S,24S)-15α-acetoxy-16β,24;20,24-diepoxy-9,19-cyclolanostane-3β,25-diol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (I)和(20S,24R)-15α-acetoxy-9,19-cyclolanostane-3β,16β,20,24,25-pentaol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (II),分别命名为铁破锣皂苷O(beesioside O)和铁破锣皂苷P(beesioside P)。结论I和II为新化合物,I有免疫抑制、抑制血管生成和抑制成骨细胞增殖活性。     

消炎镇痛药萘普生不对称合成

目的：不对称合成非麻醉性消炎镇痛药萘普生［(S)-(+)-2-(6′-甲氧基-2′-萘基)丙酸］。方法：以(2R,3R)-酒石酸二甲酯为手性辅助剂,6-甲氧基-2-丙酰基萘经缩酮化、不对称溴化、水解、重排和催化氢转移氢解等反应合成了光学活性萘普生。结果：化学总收率54%。制备的萘普生的光学纯度(［α］²⁵_D +63.5°)符合中华人民共和国药典(1995年版)的要求。结论：不对称合成萘普生的化学收率和光学收率较高。     

构树叶的化学成分

为研究构树叶(Broussonetia papyrifera)的化学成分，用Diaion HP-20，Toyopearl HW-40C，Sephadex LH-20，silica gel等柱色谱方法进行分离，根据其理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。分离得到了19个化合物，分别鉴定为芹菜素(1)，芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(2)，柯伊利素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(3)，芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖醛酸苷(4)，牡荆素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(5)，木犀草素(6)，5,7,4′-三羟基-6-C-［a-L-鼠李糖(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(7)，5,7,4′-三羟基-8-C-［α-L-鼠李糖(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(8)，异牡荆素(9)，牡荆素(10)，苯甲酸苯甲酯-2,6-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(11)，(2R,3R,5R,6S,9R)-3-羟基-5,6-环氧-β-紫罗兰醇-2-O-β-D-葡糖苷(12)，(2R,3R,5R,6S,9R)-3-羟基-5,6-环氧-乙酰-β-紫罗兰醇-2-O-β-D-葡糖苷(13)，ficustriol (14)，(6S,9S)-玫瑰花苷(15)，3β-羟基-5α,6α-环氧-β-紫罗兰酮-2α-O-β-D-葡糖苷(16)，icariside B₁ (17)，sammangaoside A (18)，3-羟基-5α,6α-环氧-β-紫罗兰酮(19)。化合物11、12、13为新化合物，其余化合物为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

藤山柳根茎中的三萜成分

目的　研究我国特有的单种属药用植物藤山柳[Clematoclethrascandens (Franch .)Maxim .]根茎的甲醇提取物正丁醇萃取部分的化学成分。方法　将甲醇提取物分散于水中,经石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取后,再用正丁醇进行萃取,对正丁醇萃取物进行柱色谱分离纯化,用波谱方法鉴定化合物结构。结果　分离鉴定了5个三萜化合物:2α,3β,24-三羟基乌苏-12 ,18-二烯-28-酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖酯(I) ,niga-ichigoside F₁ (II) ,asiaticacid (III) ,2α,3α,24-三羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸(IV) ,2α,3α,19α,24-四羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸(V)。结论　以上三萜化合物均为首次从该属植物中获得,其中I是一个新三萜皂苷     

红蓼果实中的一个新三萜皂苷

为了研究红蓼果实的化学成分，利用硅胶和反相柱色谱方法进行分离纯化，根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定其化合物结构，分离并鉴定了3个化合物：28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3β,7β-dihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oate (1)，5,7-二羟基色原酮(2)和柚皮素(3)。化合物1为新化合物，化合物2，3为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

牛膝甾酮25位差向异构体的分离与鉴定

目的分离并确定苋科植物怀牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata Blume.)中牛膝甾酮25位差向异构体的结构。方法利用色谱技术分离纯化牛膝甾酮25位差向异构体，用波谱(IR,UV,MS,NMR)方法及化学方法确定结构。结果从怀牛膝的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到3个化合物，分别鉴定为25S-牛膝甾酮(1, 25S-inokosterone)，25R-牛膝甾酮(2, 25R-inokosterone)，β-蜕皮甾酮(3, ecdysterone)。结论化合物1和2为首次从怀牛膝中分离得到的25位差向异构体，首次确定了25位绝对构型和发表该25位差向异构体的¹³CNMR数据。     

亮叶杨桐的三萜皂苷类成分

为研究亮叶杨桐(Adinandra nitida Merr. ex Li)叶的化学成分，亮叶杨桐叶的乙醇提取物经大孔树脂、硅胶、Sephadex LH-20以及ODS柱色谱分离得到6个化合物，通过波谱(¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR、 HR-ESI-MS)和化学方法进行结构鉴定，6个化合物分别被鉴定为2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1)、 arjunetin (2)、 sericoside (3)、 glucosyl tormentate (4)、 nigaichigoside F1 (5)和arjunglucoside I (6)。化合物1为新化合物，化合物2～6均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Two novel dammarane-type compounds from the leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium L.

Two new dammarane-type compounds were isolated from the leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium L. The new compounds were named as pseudo-ginsenoside RT₆ (1) and pseudoginsengenin R₁ (2). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by the combined analysis of NMR and HR-ESI-MS as (20S,24R)-6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-dammar-3-one-20,24-epoxy-6α,12β,25-triol (1) and (20S,24R)-dammar-3-one-20,24-epoxy-6α,12β,25-triol (2).     

Two new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins from notoginseng medicinal fungal substance

Two new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins, namely ginsenoside Rk₆ (1) and ginsenoside-Rh₂₂ (2), were isolated from notoginseng medicinal fungal substance. The structures of 1 and 2 were established as 3β,6α,12β,26-tetrahydroxydammar-20(21),24(25)(E)-diene-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and 3β,6α, 20(S)-trihydroxy-12(R),23(R)-expoxy-13(S),17(S)-dammar-24-ene-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical analysis, respectively.     

Chemopreventive potential of Epoxy clerodane diterpene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tinospora cordifolia</Emphasis> against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma

Summary  Medicinal plants are a promising source for identification of lead molecules for cancer therapy. In our continuous search to discover bioactive compounds from natural products, we isolated (5R, 10R)-4R, 8R-dihydroxy-2S, 3R:15, 16-diepoxycleroda-13(16), 17, 12S:18,1S-dilactone (ECD), a diterpenoid from Tinospora cordifolia and studied its chemopreventive potential in diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Group I served as normal control. Group II–IV were given DEN (0.01% in drinking water) for twenty weeks. In addition, Group III (preventive treatment) received ECD (10 mg/kg body weight) throughout the study. Group IV (curative treatment) received ECD (10 mg/kg body weight) for the last 8 weeks. Group V received ECD alone (10 mg/kg body weight) throughout the experimental period. At the end of the experimental period all the animals were sacrificed and analyzed for biochemical end points to assess the effect of ECD treatment in DEN induced HCC. The animals treated with DEN showed a decrease in the activities of antioxidant (SOD, CAT) and detoxification enzymes (GSH, GPx) with increase in the activities of the hepatic markers (SGOT, SGPT, LDH). Treatment of ECD in both preventive and curative DEN induced animals increased the level of antioxidants and detoxification enzymes, and decreased serum transaminase level and hepatic marker enzymes to near normal. Histopathological and nodular incidence also confirmed that ECD remarkably reduced tumor incidence and reversed damaged hepatocytes to normal. Our findings confirm that ECD exhibits preventive effect against chemically induced HCC in rats. ECD can be a potent chemopreventive drug for HCC.     

Two new dammarane-type triterpene saponins from red American ginseng

Two new dammarane-type triterpene saponins were isolated from the red American ginseng. The new saponins were named as pseudoginsenoside G₁ (1) and pseudoginsenoside G₂ (2). Their structures were elucidated by the combined analysis of NMR and mass spectrometry as 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-12-one-20S,24R-epoxy-3β,25-diol (pseudoginsenoside G₁) (1) and 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-12-one-20S,24S-epoxy-3β,25-diol (pseudoginsenoside G₂) (2).     

A new triterpenoid from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Panax ginseng</Emphasis> exhibits cytotoxicity through p53 and the caspase signaling pathway in the HepG2 cell line

A new triterpenoid, 20(R),22(ξ),24(S)-dammar-25(26)-ene-3β,6α,12β,20,22,24-hexanol (1), and three known triterpenoids, β-D-glucopyranoside,(3β,12β)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl,6-acetate (2), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₃ (3), and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh₂ (4), were isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng. Their structures were determined by chemical analysis and spectral methods (IR, 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS). Compounds 1–4 were exhibited various degrees of cytotoxicity in the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. Compound 1 had the highest cytotoxic potency, with an IC₅₀ value of 20.1 μM, by stimulating p53-mediated cell cycle arrest at the G1 to S phase transition, leading to apoptosis via activation of the caspase signaling pathway.     

A pharmacokinetic study comparing single and repeated oral doses of 20 mg and 40 mg omeprazole and its two optical isomers, S-omeprazole (esomeprazole) and R-omeprazole, in healthy subjects

Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetics of S-omeprazole (esomeprazole), R-omeprazole and racemic omeprazole following single and repeated oral doses of 20 mg and 40 mg of each compound in healthy male and female subjects.Methods In an open, randomised, three-way, cross-over study, 12 subjects received 20 mg and another 12 subjects received 40 mg S-omeprazole, R-omeprazole and racemic omeprazole as oral solutions once daily for 5 days, separated by washout periods of at least 10 days. Blood samples were taken for analysis pre-dose and at selected time points during a 12-h period following drug administration on study day 1 and day 5. Pharmacokinetic parameters of S-omeprazole, R-omeprazole, racemic omeprazole and the two main metabolites (5-hydroxy and sulphone) were calculated using non-compartmental analysis.Results Following the 20-mg dose of each compound, values of the total area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) were 1.52, 0.62 and 1.04 mol h/l for S-omeprazole, R-omeprazole and racemic omeprazole, respectively, on day 1. Respectively, AUC values on day 5 were 2.84, 0.68 and 1.63 mol h/l. Corresponding values after the 40-mg doses were 3.88, 1.39 and 2.44 mol h/l on day 1 and 9.32, 1.80 and 5.79 mol h/l on day 5.Conclusion Treatment with S-omeprazole (esomeprazole; 20 mg and 40 mg) resulted in higher AUC values than with either R-omeprazole or racemic omeprazole after both single and repeated doses due to a lower metabolic rate of S-omeprazole than R-omeprazole and, consequently, racemic omeprazole. S-Omeprazole, R-omeprazole and the racemate were well tolerated.     

Direct thin layer chromatography enantioresolution of some basic -amino acids using a pharmaceutical industry waste as chiral impregnating reagent

Direct enantiomeric resolution of -arginine, -histidine, -lysine, -valine and -leucine into their enantiomers was achieved by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel plates impregnated with optically pure (1R, 3R, 5R)-2-azabicyclo[3,3,0]octan-3-carbo-xylic acid (0.011 M) as a chiral selector which is a waste of a pharmaceutical industry. Different combinations of acetonitrile-methanol-water were found to be successful in resolving the -amino acids. The spots were detected by ninhydrin (0.2% in acetone) and the detection limit was 0.66 μg.     

酞丁安对映体合成及其抗单纯疱疹病毒活性评价

酞丁安(3-酞酰亚胺-2-氧-正丁醛双缩氨硫脲,TDA)是药物研究所创制的抗病毒新药。为了研究其对映异构体(R),(S)-TDA对病毒活性及毒性是否有差异,并与消旋酞丁安(RS)-TDA的抗病毒活性及毒性进行比较,本文分别用已知构型的(R)-与(S)-丙氨酸为原料,通过缩合等6步反应,得到光学活性的(R)-,(S)-TDA,并与外消旋酞丁安比较其抗病毒活性及毒性。三者的抗单纯疱疹病毒活性与对细胞的毒性差别不大,说明消旋酞丁安临床使用是安全有效的。