小粘膜藻不同提取部位体外抗肿瘤作用研究

在海洋独特的生态环境中,海藻属于被吞食的弱者,为了对付海洋食草动物的吞食来维护自身生存,大多海藻能产生一些很有抵御特色的活性物质,如何实现海藻中活性物质的高价值利用是科学工作者的焦点.     

Isolation and characterisation of some antifouling agents from the brown alga Sargassum confusum

Fats and phthalic acid derivatives were isolated and characterised based on their spectral analysis from the antifouling activity guided fractions of n-hexane and methanol extract of the brown alga Sargassum confusum. The fractions, as well as the isolated compounds, demonstrated significant antifouling activity against spores of a major fouling alga Ulva pertusa with 50-75% decrease of spore attachment on agar-coated slides.     

海洋红藻松节藻Rhodomela confervoides化学成分研究

目的：对采自青岛海滨的海洋红藻松节藻Rhodomela confervoides进行化学成分研究。方法：各种色谱柱层析和IR、MS、^1H—NMR、^13C—NMR、DEPT等波谱解析技术。结果：从松节藻中分离得到5个化合物，其结构经过鉴定分别为：2，2′，3，3′四溴—4，4′，5，5′四羟基双苯基甲烷(I)、2，2′，3—三溴—3′，4，4′，5—四羟基—6′甲氧甲基双苯基甲烷(Ⅱ)，2，3—二溴—4，5—羟基苯甲醇(Ⅲ)、2，3—二溴—4，5—二羟基—苯甲醛(Ⅳ)、2，3—二溴—4，5—二羟基苯甲基乙基醚(Ⅴ)。其中化合物Ⅱ对KB和Bel7402肿瘤细胞有选择性细胞毒活性。     

Chemical constituents of the brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata

A novel sesquiterpene-substituted benzoic acid, named dictyvaric acid (1), together with nine known compounds (2–10), have been isolated from the brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata Okam. The structure of 1 was elucidated as 3-[(decahydro-2-hydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1-naphthalenyl)-methyl]-4-hydroxybenzoic acid by spectroscopic methods, including IR, FABMS, HR-FABMS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All compounds were obtained from this species for the first time.     

Chemical constituents of the brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata

A novel sesquiterpene-substituted benzoic acid, named dictyvaric acid (1), together with nine known compounds (2-10), have been isolated from the brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata Okam. The structure of 1 was elucidated as 3-[(decahydro-2-hydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1-naphthalenyl)-methyl]-4-hydroxybenzoic acid by spectroscopic methods, including IR, FABMS, HR-FABMS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All compounds were obtained from this species for the first time.     

A cytotoxic hydroperoxy sterol from the brown alga,Nizamuddinia zanardinii

Background

The marine environment is a unique source of bioactive natural products, of which Nizamuddinia zanardinii is an important brown algae distributed in Oman Sea. Literature revealed that there is no report on phytochemistry and pharmacology of this valuable algae.

Methods

Bioguided fractionation of the methanolic extract of Nizamuddinia zanardinii, collected from Oman Sea, led to the isolation of a hydroperoxy sterol. Its structure was determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data as 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl cholesterol (HVC). In vitro cytotoxic activity of this compound was evaluated against HT29, MCF7, A549, HepG2 and MDBK cell lines.

Results

Although 24(R)-hydroproxy-24-vinylcholesterol has been previously reported from Sargassum and Padina species, it is the first report on the presence of this compound from N. zanardinii. This compound exhibited cytotoxicity in all cell lines (IC₅₀, 3.62, 9.09, 17.96, 32.31 and 37.31 μg/mL respectively). HVC was also evaluated for apoptotic activity and demonstrated positive results in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick End labeling (TUNEL) assay suggesting it a candidate for further apoptotic studies.

Conclusions

Nizamuddinia zanardinii, a remarkable brown algae of Oman Sea, is a good source of hydroproxy sterols with promising cytotoxic on various cell lines particularly human colon adenocarcinoma.     

不同产地莪术挥发油气相色谱-质谱联用分析

目的：对三种不同产地温莪术、蓬莪术以及广西莪术挥发油的化学成分进行了GC—MS分析比较。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取三种不同产地的莪术挥发油,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对其中的化学成分进行分析鉴定．．结果：初步鉴定了三种不同产地莪术挥发油中的主要成分,不同产地莪术挥发油成分有一定差异。结论：为莪术药材的质量评价提供依据。     

褐藻某些化学组分研究新进展

从褐藻中分离出许多化学结构新颖的新化合物，一些具有独特的生物活性。本文按萜类，类脂，甾醇，酚类，其他化合物等化学结构类型概述了1993－2000年间报道的新的褐藻化学成分。     

极大螺旋藻胞内多糖IPSⅡA对小鼠移植性肿瘤抑制作用的初步研究

目的研究极大螺旋藻胞内多糖IPSⅡA对小鼠S180肉瘤的生长抑制作用。方法建立S180腹水瘤、实体瘤模型，通过不同途径给予IPSⅡA，测定腹水瘤小鼠的生命延长率以及实体瘤小鼠的瘤重、白细胞数、胸腺指数和脾指数。结果IPSⅡA对S180肉瘤有一定的抑制作用，提前给药，抑制作用更显著，而且腹腔注射比灌胃效果更好。结论提前腹腔注射IPSⅡA，能显著延长荷S180腹水瘤小鼠的生存时间，并且抑制S180实体瘤的生长。     

Deformation of isolated rat hepatocytes by a peptide hepatotoxin from the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa

Summary The effect of the peptide hepatotoxin from the bloom-forming blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated on isolated rat hepatocytes. When toxin was added to hepatocyte suspensions it produced deformation of the cells, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. This was apparent within 5 min of addition of toxin to the cells and the response was dose dependent: 30 ng of toxin was sufficient to cause deformation in 58±9% of 1.4×10⁶ hepatocytes/ml of incubation. The deformation did not lead to cell death as measured by Trypan blue uptake within 120 min.Deoxycholate, cholate, bromosulphophthalein, and rifampicin were found to prevent the deformation of hepatocytes by Microcystis aeruginosa toxin in a dose dependent manner, analogous to the effect of these agents on the response of hepatocytes to added phalloidin. This suggests that Microcystis aeruginosa toxin is transported into hepatocytes in the same way as phalloidin; namely sharing a transport system for bile acids on the hepatocyte plasma membrane.Part of this publication was presented to the Australian Biochemical Society Conference in May, 1981     

广西莪术的叶、根茎和块根中挥发油GC-MS对比分析

目的：对广西莪术叶中挥发油成分进行系统的分析,并与其传统的用药部位块根和根茎的挥发油成分对比,寻找广西莪术叶作为代替性药材的可能性,尽可能的扩大广西莪术的药用部位,提高广西莪术整株植物的经济效益。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,运用GC/MS方法比较叶与根茎,块根的化学成分及其各成分的相对百分含量。结果：从广西莪术叶中分离得到38个色谱峰,鉴定出26种成分。结论：首次从广西莪术叶中鉴定出26种挥发性成分,叶中所含成分与根茎、块根的差别较大,但也含有部分抗肿瘤成分。     

四川乌头属一新种和一新变种

目的 拓展新药源.方法 野外调查和采集.结果 对采自四川省会理县龙帚山的乌头属标本与其近缘种进行对比鉴别,认定1新种1新变种.结论 龙帚山乌头Aconitum longzhoushanense W.J.Zhang et G.H.Chen,sp.nov.为一个新种;长柄铁棒锤Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.vat.longipetiolatum W.J.Zhang et G.H.Chen,var.nov.为一个新变种.     

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of a mucin-binding agglutinin isolated from the red marine alga Hypnea cervicornis

The agglutinin from the red marine alga Hypnea cervicornis (HCA) was tested in models of nociception and inflammation. The role of carbohydrate-binding sites and the systemic toxicity were assessed. HCA (10⁻¹, 1, and 10 mg/kg) administered i.v. to mice inhibited writhes induced by acetic acid and, at 10 mg/kg, inhibited the second phase of the formalin test, but did not alter the response latency in the hot-plate test. HCA (1 mg/kg) administered i.v. to rats reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema at 1, 2, and 3 h after challenge, but not edema induced by dextran. The neutrophil migration induced by both N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and carrageenan was inhibited by HCA at 10⁻¹, 1, and 10 mg/kg. The combination of HCA (1 mg/kg) and its ligand mucin reversed the lectin inhibitory effect on carrageenan-induced neutrophil migration and acetic acid-induced writhes. The i.v. treatment of rats with HCA (1 mg/kg) for 7 days did not affect body mass; liver, kidney or heart wet weight; blood leukocyte counts; urea, creatinine or serum transaminase activity; or macroscopy of the organs examined. In short, H. cervicornis agglutinin showed important antinociceptive and anti-inflamatory activity via interaction with the lectin carbohydrate-binding site.     

Nangallenes A and B,halogenated nonterpenoid C15-acetogenins from the Bornean red alga Laurencia nangii

Two new halogenated nonterpenoids C₁₅-acetogenins, nangallenes A-B (1–2), together with two known halogenated compounds itomanallene A (3) and 2,10-dibromo-3-chloro-α-chamigrene (4), were isolated and identified from the organic extract of the marine red alga Laurencia nangii Masuda collected from the coastal waters in Semporna, Borneo. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic analysis including IR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS), and 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All these metabolites were submitted for the antifungal assay against four species of selected marine fungi. Compounds 1–4 showed potent activity against Haliphthoros sabahensis and Lagenidium thermophilum.     

四川翠雀属植物的一个新种

目的调查翠雀属植物,拓展新药源。方法野外调查。结果对采自四川省彭州市天台山的翠雀属Delphinium L.标本与其近缘种进行对比鉴别,认定它是一个新种。结论天台山翠雀花Delphinium tiantaishanenseW.J.Zhang et G.H.Chen,sp.nov.为一个新种。     

Racemosin C,a novel minor bisindole alkaloid with protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitory activity from the green alga Caulerpa racemosa

A novel minor bisindole alkaloid, racemosin C (1), characterized by a naturally unprecedented 8-hydroxy-2,4,6-cyclooctatrienone ring fused with two indole systems, was isolated from the green alga Caulerpa racemosa, together with one known related metabolite, caulersin (2). The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, and by comparison with the data of related known compounds. A plausible biosynthetic pathway of 1 was proposed. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant PTP1B inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 5.86 ± 0.57 and 7.14 ± 1.00 μM, respectively, compared with the positive control oleanolic acid (IC₅₀ = 3.03 ± 0.20 μM). On the basis of the data obtained, the Caulerpa bisindole alkaloids may be considered as a new class of PTP1B inhibitors.     

Effects of phospholipase A2 from cobra and bee venom on the presynaptic membrane

L. G. Magazanik, I. M. Gotgilf, T. I. Slavnova, A. I. Miroshnikov and U. R. Apsalon. Effects of phospholipase A₂ from cobra and bee venom on the presynaptic membrane. Toxicon17, 477–488, 1979.—Phospholipases A₂ from bee venom and cobra venom have been isolated and studied. A parallelism was found between enzymatic activity and the ability to block spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.'s) or end-plate potentials (e.p.p.'s) induced by nerve stimulation in the frog sartorius muscle. Different experimental procedures affected both enzymatic activity and blocking ability in qualitatively the same way. Thus, modification of the histidine residue in cobra venom phospholipase by bromophenacyl bromide or the removal of Ca-ions from the medium abolished both activities. Replacement of Ca²⁺ by Sr²⁺ inhibited both the enzymatic and presynaptic effects of cobra venom phospholipase, but did not inhibit the presynaptic action of bee venom phospholipase and decreased its enzymatic activity only 6-fold. Irreversible binding of cobra and bee venom phospholipase to the presynaptic membrane was found in Ca-free solution but Ca-ions were essential for the presynaptic blocking effect induced by these phospholipases. A reduction in the effect of high K⁺ on m.e.p.p. frequency was observed after cobra venom phospholipase treatment. The similar effects of hypertonic sucrose solution and the mitochondrial poison TTFB (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole) were changed only slightly by bee and cobra venom phospholipase pretreatment. It is concluded that the mechanism of presynaptic blockade induced by bee venom and cobra venom phospholipase consists mainly of damage to sites of release at the presynaptic membrane. There are also some signs of disturbances of depolarization-secretion coupling and of the process of formation of new quanta. The possible functional role of enzymatic activity in the presynaptic effect is discussed.     

In vitro cancer chemopreventive properties of polysaccharide extract from the brown alga, Sargassum latifolium

Polysaccharides of edible algae attracted extensive interest due to their numerous biological activities. Sargassum latifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, belongs to Sargassaceae, is a brown algae in red sea shores in Egypt. This work is a novel attempt to explore the cancer chemopreventive activity of different fractions of water-soluble polysaccharide extract derived from S. latifolium. Estimation of cancer chemopreventive activity, specifically anti-initiation, including the modulation of carcinogen metabolism and the antioxidant capacity, revealed that E1 and E4 were potent anti-initiators, where they lead not only to an inhibition in the carcinogen activator cytochrome P450 1A (IC50 2.54 and 10.30 μg/ml, respectively), but also to an induction in the carcinogen detoxification enzymes glutathione-S-transferases (144% and 225% of the control, respectively). E1 and E4 inhibited 59% and 63% of the induced-DNA damage, as measured by comet assay. Similarly both E1 and E4 possessed potential anti-promoting properties as indicated by their anti-inflammatory activity. E1 and E4 enhanced the macrophage proliferation; however they dramatically inhibited the stimulated NO (30.7% and 59.3%), TNF-α (38.2% and 54.9) and COX-2 (20% and 18%), respectively. E3 showed a selective cytotoxicity against lymphoblastic leukemia (1301 cells), while other fraction extracts had no cytotoxic effect against all tested cell lines. E3 led to a major disturbance in cell cycle including arrest in both S-phases in 1301 cells. This disturbance was associated with an induced-cell death due to apoptosis, but not necrosis. In conclusion, E1 and E4 are promising cancer chemopreventive fractions, since they had tumor anti- initiating activity via their protective modulation of carcinogen metabolism, and tumor anti-promoting activity via their anti-inflammatory activity, while E3 can be considered as a promising anti-cancer agent against leukemia.     

星点设计响应面法优化滇南美登木总生物碱超声提取工艺

目的:筛选出滇南美登木中总生物碱提取的最优条件。方法:以盐酸小檗碱为对照品,采用酸性染料比色法,以总生物碱含量为指标,分别考察提取功率、提取时间、提取次数、液料比和乙醇的体积分数5个因素对超声提取滇南美登木中总生物碱的影响,在此基础上通过星点设计响应面试验确定最佳提取工艺,并进行验证。结果:滇南美登木中总生物碱的最佳超声提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数74%,提取功率457W,提取时间42min,提取次数为3次,液料比为20∶1(mL·g^-1)。验证试验测得最佳条件时总生物碱含量为(2.77±0.02)mg·g^-1(n=3,RSD=0.72%),与模型预测值结果接近。结论:本研究提取工艺简单,工艺参数可靠,提取效果良好,为滇南美登木中总生物碱的研究提供了科学的研究思路和试验依据。