消瘀片及其组分对粥样硬化兔ET—1体内和NO影响比较研究

目的：探讨消瘀片处方的合理性。方法：采用动脉粥样硬化兔模型,观察消瘀片及其组分对体内ET-1和NO含量的影响。结果：消瘀片对降低血浆和血管壁组织中EL-1含量,增加血清和血管壁组织中NO含量均其相应组分的丹参水提物或山楂醇提物更明显。结论：丹参水提物和山楂醇提物合用后,对降低粥样硬化兔体内ET-1和增加NO含量具有明显的协同作用。     

芝麻素对肾性高血压大鼠心肌重构的影响

目的观察芝麻素对肾性高血压大鼠心肌重构的影响.方法建立两肾-夹肾性高血压大鼠模型,灌胃给予不同剂量的芝麻素6周后,测定左室重量指数(LVWI)、心肌一氧化氮(NO)浓度和羟脯氨酸(HYD)含量;放射免疫分析法测定内皮素-1(ET-1)含量;免疫组织化学法观察心肌内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)蛋白表达;透射电镜观察心肌超微结构.结果模型组LVWI明显增加,电镜显示心肌纤维紊乱、胶原纤维增生,心肌HYD,ET-1含量明显升高,NO浓度和eNOS蛋白表达明显减少.芝麻素100 mg/kg组LVWI和心肌纤维紊乱、胶原纤维增生等病变明显减轻,HYD,ET-1含量明显降低,NO浓度和eNOS蛋白表达明显增加.结论芝麻素具有抗心肌重构的作用,其机制可能与其升高心肌NO、降低ET-1等有关.     

消瘀片对粥样硬化兔血管壁组织ET-1mRNA和NOSmRNA表达的影响

采用原位杂交和ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法,观察消瘀片治疗１６周动脉粥样硬化兔后对血管壁组织ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ和ＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达的影响。结果显示,粥样硬化组的ＥＴ－１ ｍＲＮＡ和ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达较多,而ｃＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达较少。使用消瘀片后动脉 的ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ表达明显减少,提示血浆和血管壁组织中的ＥＴ－１减少是由于ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ转录水平降低所致。     

Phytochemical profiling and phase II enzyme-inducing properties of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. (RC) extracts

Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. (Acanthaceae) or Rang Chuet (RC) is described in traditional medicine for protection against dietary and environmental toxicants. This work, therefore, investigated RC's phytochemical profile, antimutagenic activity, and xenobiotic detoxification potential in its extracts. RC extracts were prepared by infusion with water, ethanol, acetone and subsequently assayed for major phytochemical constituents. Total phenolic content was 24.33, 5.65, and 1.42microg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per mL for water, ethanol and acetone extract, respectively. HPLC analysis identified caffeic acid and apigenin as primary constituents of water extracts. Acetone and ethanol extracts contained primarily chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a, pheophytin a, and lutein. Treatment of Hepa 1C1C7 cells with standardized RC extracts resulted in a dose-dependent increase in QR specific activity for all extracts. Acetone extract (92microg GAE/mL) increased QR activity 2.8-fold, while ethanol (120microg GAE/mL) and water (1000microg GAE/mL) extracts increased QR activity by 1.35- and 1.56-fold, respectively. The RC extracts were subsequently assayed for mutagen and antimutagenic activity by bacterial reverse mutagenesis assay. All three RC extracts exhibited strong dose-dependent antimutagenic activity inhibiting 2-aminoanthracene induced mutagenesis up to 87% in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. These results support the traditional medicinal use of RC for detoxification and suggest the potential role of both phenolic acids and natural chlorophyll constituents in modulating these effects.     

火绒草降糖有效成分的筛选

目的:通过对火绒草不同提取物处理高血糖小鼠血糖的测定,探讨火绒草提取物降血糖的有效部位和剂量。方法:火绒草用70%乙醇回流提取,提取物上D101大孔树脂柱,依次用50%,70%,95%的乙醇洗脱,得到50%,70%,95%的乙醇提取物。采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导高血糖小鼠,7 d后分别用二甲双胍(300 mg·kg-1),50%乙醇提取物(100 mg·kg-1),70%乙醇提取物(100 mg·kg-1)和95%乙醇提取物(100 mg·kg-1)ig给药,模型组和空白组以等量的蒸馏水代替给药,10 d后测定高血糖小鼠的空腹血糖。将筛选出的有效降糖部位分为高、中、低(400,200,100 mg·kg-1)剂量处理高血糖小鼠,10 d后测定空腹血糖。结果:与空白组比较,模型组血糖显著升高(P0.01)。与模型组比较,火绒草的不同提取物均能降低高血糖小鼠血糖,50%乙醇提取物具有显著的降血糖效果,且以中剂量为佳(P0.01)。结论:火绒草的降血糖有效部位为50%乙醇提取物。     

蛇床子止痒有效组分筛选及作用机制研究

目的:筛选蛇床子止痒的有效组分,并探讨其作用机制.方法:采用磷酸组胺致豚鼠瘙痒及低分子右旋糖酐致小鼠瘙痒模型,分别观察蛇床子醇提物、水提物及挥发油的止痒作用;通过其对组胺致离体回肠收缩的影响,探讨其作用机制.结果:蛇床子醇提物及挥发油可显著提高磷酸组胺致豚鼠致瘁闲,减少低分子右旋糖酐致小鼠瘙痒次数,缩短瘙痒时间,而水提物止痒作用不明显.醇提物及挥发油均能抑制磷酸组胺致离体回肠的收缩幅度.结论:蛇床子止痒的有效组分为其醇提物及挥发油,其止痒机制与拮抗组胺的释放相关.     

蛇床子提取物的镇静催眠作用

目的:比较蛇床子不同提取物的镇静催眠作用。方法:蛇床子用水、乙醇、石油醚分别提取制备,观察折合生药相当剂量水提物和等剂量挥发油、醇提物、总香豆素对小鼠自主活动和对戊巴比妥钠催眠剂量小鼠入睡潜伏期和睡眠时间的影响。结果:蛇床子醇提物、总香豆素能显著减少小鼠自主活动(P<0.05),延长小鼠睡眠时间(P<0.05,P<0.001),醇提物作用更为显著;蛇床子水提物、挥发油对小鼠自主活动、睡眠潜伏期和持续睡眠时间与空白对照组比较,无统计学意义。结论:初步确定蛇床子醇提物、总香豆素具有明显的镇静催眠作用,以醇提物作用较强。     

川芎嗪对缺氧状态下视网膜血管舒缩因子表达影响的实验研究

目的:体外培养牛视网膜血管内皮细胞,观察不同浓度川芎嗪组对缺氧状态下细胞增殖及其舒缩因子表达的影响。方法:选取第6代牛视网膜血管内皮细胞进行培养。将正常培育的细胞加入100 μmol/L的CoCl₂诱导缺氧12 h后,将细胞随机分为三组。缺氧对照组(不含药物、无生长因子及血清的培养液组)、含川芎嗪0.02 μg/ml培养液组、含川芎嗪0.2 μg/ml培养液组。培养24 h后用MTT比色法检测各组视网膜内皮细胞的吸光度值,观察川芎嗪对血管内皮细胞的增殖情况。Western blot法检测各组细胞eNOS及ET-1的表达。结果:川芎嗪0.02 μg/ml组、0.2 μg/ml组的吸光度值明显高于缺氧对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),并且随浓度的增高吸光度值也增高 0.02 μg/ml组与0.2 μg/ml组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与缺氧对照组比较,川芎嗪各组eNOS蛋白表达升高(P<0.01),且药物浓度与蛋白表达呈正相关 川芎嗪各组ET-1的蛋白表达均降低(P<0.01),但药物组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:川芎嗪能保护在缺氧环境下受损的视网膜血管内皮细胞,对细胞增殖有一定的促进作用,通过上调eNOS表达,下调ET-1表达,调节其分泌功能和血管舒缩功能,从而维持血管外周阻力和局部舒缩状态。     

艾叶不同提取物对小鼠原发性痛经的影响

目的:通过观察艾叶不同提取物(水提液、95％醇提液、先水提后95％醇提混合液)对痛经模型小鼠的影响,初步探讨艾叶治疗原发性痛经的作用机制.方法:ICR雌性小鼠随机分为9组,分别是正常组、模型组、阳性药西乐葆45.0 mg·kg -1组、艾叶不同提取物的高、低剂量组(1.65,0.55 g·kg-1).除正常组外,其余各组以10 mg·kg-1的剂量给小鼠sc苯甲酸雌二醇连续7d,第8天给予ip缩宫素10 mL·kg-1制造原发性痛经模型.各组均在造模第5天起,每天ig给予不同药物连续4d,观察艾叶不同提取物对原发性痛经模型小鼠的扭体次数以及对子宫组织匀浆中一氧化氮(NO)和钙离子(Ca2+)水平的影 响.结果:与模型组相比,艾叶醇提物高剂量、先水提后醇提混合液的高、低剂最对原发性痛经小鼠的痛阈有极显著的提高,扭体反应抑制率分别为36.9％,52.5％,42.2％(P＜0.01),且相同剂量下先水提后醇提混合液的作用优于水提液(P＜0.05);此外艾叶醇提物高剂量、先水提后醇提混合液的高、低剂量组能显著增加子宫组织内NO含量,降低Ca2+含量(P＜0.01).结论:艾叶提取物制法不同,对原发性痛经模型小鼠的镇痛作用强度不同.在3种不同提取物中,先水提后醇提混合液药效最强,醇提液次之,水提液最弱,这可能与其溶出的效应物质不同有关.     

养阴固精化痰渗湿方联合贝那普利治疗早期糖尿病肾病大鼠的研究

目的探讨中药养阴固精化痰渗湿方联合贝那普利对早期糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠微量白蛋白尿的疗效及其可能机制。方法将雄性wistar大鼠随机分为正常组和造模组,造模组以腹腔注射STZ造模,正常组注射等量缓冲液。成模大鼠再随机分为模型组、中药组、贝那普利组及中药+贝那普利组,正常组和模型组以蒸馏水灌胃,贝那普利组、中药组及中药+贝那普利组分别给予相应药物,共8周,测定治疗前后各组大鼠24h尿微量白蛋白。治疗后测定总胆固醇(CHOL)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、脂蛋白a(Lp-a)、内皮素、血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素(6-keto-PGF1α)水平。结果治疗后,中药组、贝那普利组、中药+贝那普利组24 h尿微量白蛋白均明显下降,其中中药+贝那普利组较中药组及贝那普利组下降明显(P<0.05)。中药+贝那普利组大鼠CHOL、TG、LDL-C、Lp-a、TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α比值均低于其他造模组并接近正常组。结论养阴固精渗湿方结合贝那普利能有效地改善微量白蛋白及血脂指标,对早期DN大鼠有显著疗效。     

桑白皮水煎液及化学拆分组分降糖作用研究

目的：研究桑白皮水煎液及各化学拆分组分对糖尿病小鼠模型的降糖作用。方法：雄性昆明种小鼠,腹腔注射大剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ）（170 mg ?kg-1）,建立Ⅰ型糖尿病小鼠模型,连续给药4周,检测体质量、饮水量、饮食量、空腹血糖（FBG）、胰岛素、C肽、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）等指标,光镜观察肝脏、胰腺病理形态。结果：桑白皮水煎液高剂量组能增加Ⅰ型糖尿病小鼠体质量,明显降低饮水量、饮食量,并能不同程度地降低FBG、TC、TG、LDL-c水平（P<0.05或P<0.01）,升高C肽、HDL-c水平（P<0.05或P<0.01）。桑白皮30%乙醇组分及脂肪油组分给药量约为桑白皮水煎液的1/2和1/4时,均能显著改善糖尿病小鼠糖脂紊乱状况,修复肝脏细胞,改善肝脏组织损伤,且作用优于桑白皮水煎液。结论：桑白皮水煎液具有较好的降糖作用,其有效部位为30%乙醇组分和脂肪油组分,降糖作用机制可能与促进胰岛素分泌、调节血脂紊乱,保护肝脏结构和功能有关。     

In vivo and in vitro antidiabetic effect of Cistus laurifolius L. and detection of major phenolic compounds by UPLC–TOF-MS analysis

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In Turkish folk medicine, various parts of Cistus laurifolius L. are used to treat gastric ulcer and various types of pains. Additionally the tea prepared from the leaves is used to decrease symptoms of diabetes.

Materials and methods

In the present study, the hypoglycemic effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Cistus laurifolius were investigated in normal, glucose loaded hyperglycemic and streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory effects were determined to evaluate the mechanism of action. Total phenolic content of the extracts were determined by using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (UPLC–TOF-MS) was used to detect the major phenolic compounds in the extract.

Results

Results indicated that blood glucose levels of the STZ-induced diabetic rats were decreased by ethanol extract at of 250 and 500 mg/kg doses as compared to control group (16%–34%). In glucose loaded animals, extracts have shown a weak hypoglycemic effect (11%–20%). Additionally, the ethanol extract of Cistus laurifolius is found to be a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, possibly due to several polyphenolic compounds present within the extract. Twelve major flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, quercitrin and their derivatives), gallic, ellagic and chlorogenic acid in chromatographic fingerprint were analyzed by the on-line UPLC–TOF-MS system.

Conclusions

Due to having inhibitory effect on blood glucose level and carbohydrate digesting enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase), Cistus laurifolius leaves might be beneficial for diabetic patients.     

益气养阴活血法对早期糖尿病肾病患者一氧化氮的影响

目的：观察以益气养阴活血法为主治疗早期糖尿病肾病（DN）患者的疗效及对一氧化氮（NO）的影响。方法：将入选的65例患者随机分为对照组（31例）和治疗组（34例），对照组予糖尿病教育、常规降血糖及对症处理，治疗组加用以益气养阴活血为主的中药治疗。结果：早期糖尿病肾病患者NO明显升高，治疗8周后，两组均能较好地降低症状积分、空腹血糖（FBG）及24h尿微量白蛋白排泄量（UAE）。治疗组在改善患者症状、降低UAE及NO水平方面，疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01)，对照组对NO改善不明显。结论：提示DN早期高NO生成与肾小球高滤过有关，益气养阴活血法为主可能通过降低肾脏NO水平，改善肾小球的高滤过。     

半边莲不同组分对大鼠动脉内皮细胞内皮素合成及中膜平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的:探讨半边莲抗动脉粥样硬化作用的有效成分。方法:提取半边莲两种不同组分(A001,B001)用于高脂血症大鼠,观察其对动脉内皮细胞内皮素(ET)-1和内皮源型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)代谢以及主动脉中层平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。结果:高脂大鼠应用半边莲 B001组分60天后,增高的血脂不降低,而血浆 ET-1浓度较高脂对照组明显降低(P<0.05);动脉内皮细胞及动脉壁中层平滑肌细胞 ET-1阳性细胞率和中膜厚度显著低于高脂对照组(P<0.05);血浆 eNOS 浓度则显著高于高脂对照组(P<0.05)。应用半边莲 A001组分的高脂大鼠血脂、血浆 ET-1、eNOS 浓度、动脉内皮细胞及动脉壁中层平滑肌细胞 ET-1阳性细胞率均无明显变化。结论:半边莲 B001使高脂血症大鼠内皮细胞、动脉平滑肌细胞合成及释放 ET-1减少,并使血浆 eNOS 含量增加,具有缓解高脂血症对血管内皮的持续损伤及抑制动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的作用。     

中西医结合治疗周围动脉粥样硬化闭塞症疗效观察

目的：观察周围动脉粥样硬化闭塞症中西医结合疗效，探讨血浆内皮素－１，一氧化氮及载脂蛋白与临床治疗的关系。方法：选择９０例ＡＳＰ患者，随机等分为中医，西医和中西医结合治疗３组，分别给予复方丹参注射液，前列腺素Ｅ１和二者组合药物进行治疗，并动态观察治疗过程中的临床表现，同时利用放射免疫测定，亚硝酸盐比色法于治疗前后检测血液ＥＴ－１，ＮＯ和载脂蛋白含量的变化。     

Hypoglycemic effect of Acosmium panamense bark on streptozotocin diabetic rats

The hypoglycemic effects of water and butanolic extracts prepared from the bark of Acosmium panamense (Fabaceae) were studied in diabetic rats (streptozotocin (STZ)-induced). Oral application of water extracts at doses of 20 and 200 mg/kg and of butanol extracts at doses of 20 and 100 mg/kg significantly lowered the plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats within 3 h. Glibenclamide was used as reference and showed similar hypoglycemic effect like the extracts.

Three structurally new compounds were isolated from the plant and shown to be the main constituents in both extracts.     

Hypoglycemic effect of Tournefortia hirsutissima L., on n-streptozotocin diabetic rats

The hypoglycemic effect of aqueous and butanolic extracts from Tournefortia hirsutissima (Boraginaceae) was determined on neonatal induced streptozotocin diabetic rats (n-STZ). Oral administration of water extracts at doses of 20 and 80mg/kg, and butanolic extracts (8 and 80mg/kg) significantly lowered the plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats within 3h. Glibenclamide was used as reference and showed similar hypoglycemic effect. Our results support the traditional use of the plant as a hypoglycemic agent; we observe a dose-dependent action of the extracts. HPLC analysis confirmed that the aqueous and butanolic extracts had the same chemical composition.     

糖心乐对糖尿病心肌病大鼠心肌转化生长因子β1的影响

目的观察糖心乐（TXT）对链脲佐菌素（STZ）实验性糖尿病心肌病大鼠心肌转化生长因子β_1（TGF-β_1）的影响。方法 SD大鼠腹腔注射STZ建立糖尿病模型,成模后分组,造模后八周分别给予TXT大剂量、TXT小剂量、达美康灌胃治疗,模型对照组灌生理盐水。连续四周,免疫组化法检测TGF-β_1表达情况。结果与正常对照组比较。模型组大鼠心肌组织中TGF-β_1明显升高（P〈0.01）;与模型组比较,TXL大剂量组和达美康组大鼠心肌组织中TGF-β_1明显降低（P〈0.01）;TXL大剂量组和达美康组对大鼠心肌组织中TGF-β_1的影响无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论 TXT对DM大鼠有一定的降血糖的作用,能明显改善DCMP早期心肌重构,机制可能与下调TGF-β_1在心肌中的表达,减缓心肌组织纤维化有关。     

Antidiabetic effect of Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore. in type 2 diabetic rats

Aim

Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore. is used in Indian system of traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. The present study aims to investigate the antidiabetic efficacy of the hexane extract of Symplocos cochinchinensis leaves in high fat diet-low streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic rats.

Materials and methods

The doses for the study were fixed based on Irwin test. The hypoglycemic effect of the hexane extract of Symplocos cochinchinensis leaves were studied in normal rats. Oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests were carried out. The antihyperglycemic effect of the hexane extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg was studied in high fat diet-low STZ induced type 2 diabetic rats for 28 days.

Results

The extracts showed no adverse effects up to 5 g/kg concentration. In hypoglycemic study, after treatment with hexane extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg the blood glucose was mildly reduced. In oral glucose tolerance test, the treatment with the hexane extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg showed a highly significant reduction of 12.07% and 23.58% in plasma glucose levels, respectively 30 min after glucose load. The insulin tolerance test also showed improved insulin sensitivity after 60 min of insulin treatment. In high fat diet-low STZ induced type 2 diabetic rats, after 28 days treatment with the hexane extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg reduced the plasma glucose level by 17.04% and 42.10%, respectively. A significant reduction in plasma insulin, plasma and hepatic total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) and a significant increase in liver glycogen were observed in treated diabetic rats.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the potential antidiabetic property of hexane extract of Symplocos cochinchinensis leaves on type 2 diabetes mellitus, thus justifying its traditional usage.     

预适应对肢体缺血再灌注后血浆和肺组织NO/ET-1的影响

目的:观察肢体缺血预适应对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注后血浆和肺组织NO/ET-1比值的影响。方法:将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(C),肢体缺血再灌注组(LIR),缺血预适应组(IPC),每组8只。分别测定血浆及肺组织一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET-1)含量,计算NO/ET-1比值。结果:LIR组血浆及肺组织的NO/ET-1比值明显减小;与LIR组比较,IPC组血浆及肺组织的NO/ET-1比值明显增大,差异均具有显著性。结论:缺血预适应可以调节肢体缺血再灌注后NO/ET-1比值失平衡而使组织损伤减轻。