脊柱虚拟手术系统测量下颈椎椎弓根固定相关参数精确性的实验研究

目的通过与多层螺旋CT(multi-spiral CT,MSCT)工作站测量参数进行比较,评价自主研发的脊柱虚拟手术系统(spinal virtual surgery system,SVSS)三维重建技术测量数据的精确性。方法取7具成年男性颈椎标本经MSCT扫描后,分别将信息传送至MSCT工作站及SVSS,结合下颈椎椎弓根植钉参数要求,采用两系统进行容积重建和多平面重组,重建后测量椎弓根10个参数。然后应用SPSS11.0统计软件包对两系统测量数据进行对比分析。2009年6月-2010年3月,临床应用SVSS辅助下颈椎椎弓根固定手术6例。结果 SVSS测量时发现7具标本中1个椎弓根缺失(C3)、4个椎弓根冠状位直径<3 mm(C4 1个、C5 2个、C6 1个),与MSCT工作站测量结果一致。统计学分析显示,除C3左侧椎弓根皮质骨高度、C4两侧椎弓根皮质骨宽度、C4右侧椎弓根松质骨宽度、C6左侧椎弓根入点至侧块边缘切距、C3两侧椎弓根入点至下关节突下缘距离、C3两侧及C5左侧椎弓根入点至椎体前缘矢状位距离,以及C3两侧、C5左侧、C6右侧椎弓根入点至椎体前缘轴位距离共计14组数据,两系统比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外;其余数据差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。临床应用6例共植钉34枚,术后MSCT复查发现30枚(88.24%)完全位于椎弓根内,4枚(11.76%)穿破。参照Richter等的分级标准,1级穿破2枚(5.88%),2级穿破2枚(5.88%),无3级穿破发生。结论 SVSS与MSCT工作站测量数据的准确性基本相同。     

强直性脊柱炎伴胸腰椎后凸畸形腰椎及S1椎弓根的解剖特征及临床意义

目的:通过对强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)伴胸腰椎后凸畸形和椎间盘退变性疾病(disc degenerative disease,DDD)患者L1-S1椎弓根CT扫描相关参数的测量,研究两者椎弓根解剖参数差异,为临床手术中置钉提供参考依据。方法:选取2012年3月至2014年11月行截骨矫形手术治疗并有完整术前临床及影像学资料的男性AS伴后凸畸形患者30例(AS组),年龄23~51岁,平均(35.7±9.5)岁,同时选取行手术治疗具有完整术前全腰椎及骶椎CT扫描全部附件结构影像清晰易辨的男性DDD患者30例(DDD组),年龄39~64岁,平均(52.4±8.9)岁。分别测量L1-S1节段椎弓根内聚角(pedicle transverse angle,EA),椎弓根矢状角(pedicle inclined angle,FA),椎弓根宽度(pedicle width,PW),椎弓根钉道长度(pedicle screw path length,PL),椎弓根高度(pedicle height,PH),统计比较是否存在差异。结果:AS组和DDD组椎弓根宽度(PW)自L1-S1均是逐渐增大的,AS组PW在L5、S1均显著大于DDD组,分别为(16.47±2.66)mm vs.(14.51±2.11)mm和(21.76±2.97)mm vs.(18.87±2.14)mm(P0.05);椎弓根钉道长度(PL)自L1-S1在AS组均大于DDD组(P0.05);PL两组最大值均在L3节段;AS组椎弓根内聚角(EA)在L1-S1均较DDD组小;AS矢状角(FA)在L3-S1显著小于DDD组(P0.05),分别为(-2.88±10.24)°,(-7.88±10.22)°,(-7.70±10.40)°,(-5.15±10.25)°vs.(4.05±2.21)°,(7.79±4.38)°,(7.07±3.21)°,(12.62±3.21)°。结论:在AS伴后凸畸形患者腰椎及S1椎弓根置钉时可选用更粗更长螺钉来增加内固定强度,需注意适当减小内聚角,并根据矢状面形态调整头尾向。     

强直性脊柱炎患者中下胸椎椎弓根的影像学特征及临床意义

目的 :比较强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)患者与非AS患者T5～T12椎弓根CT扫描的影像学参数,为AS患者椎弓根螺钉置钉提供参考依据。方法:选取2003年1月～2017年6月我科收治的具有完整临床资料及中下胸椎CT平扫和三维重建的AS男性患者40例(AS组),年龄34～53岁(40.5±4.2岁);选取同期我科收治的具有完整临床资料及中下胸椎CT平扫和三维重建的胸椎骨折男性患者40例(非AS组),年龄32～48岁(38.5±3.7岁)。分别测量T5～T12的椎弓根宽度(pedicle width,PW)、椎弓根高度(pedicle height,PH)、椎弓根与椎体正中矢状面夹角即内倾角(pedicle transverse angle,PTA)、椎弓根间距(pedicles distance,PD)和椎弓根钉道长度(pedicle screw path length,PL)。比较两组患者的测量结果。结果:AS组和非AS组PW从T5～T12逐渐增大,AS组PW均小于非AS组,两组比较有统计学差异(P0.05);两组T5～T12的PH无统计学差异(P0.05);两组PTA变化趋势一致,从T5～T12逐渐变为负数(T5～T10为正,T11～T12为负),AS患者在T5～T10较非AS组小,而在T11、T12较非AS组大,两组间比较均有统计学差异(P0.05);两组PD和PL从T5～T12逐渐增大,AS患者大于非AS组患者,两组间比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:AS患者中下胸椎椎弓根较细长,行中下胸椎椎弓根螺钉内固定时可选用较长椎弓根螺钉以增加内固定强度,但不适宜增加椎弓根螺钉直径,置钉角度接近垂直,必要时可经椎弓根-肋骨途径置钉。     

胸椎椎弓根-肋骨单元与椎弓根的CT测量

目的:比较经胸椎椎弓根-肋骨单元(pedicle rib unit;PRU)置钉与传统经椎弓根置钉技术的相关径线;为临床应用提供依据.方法:对30例患者脊柱T1～T10节段进行薄层CT扫描;层厚为1mm;选择有完整PRU结构的CT横断面图像进行以下指标测量:(1)PRU宽度(PRU-W);椎弓根宽度(PW);(2)PRU钉道长度(PRU-L);椎弓根钉道长度(PL);(3)PRU中轴与矢状面夹角(PRU-A);椎弓根中轴与矢状面夹角(PA);(4)经PRU置钉的安全角度范围(△A).结果:PRU-W和PW均以T5最小;以T1为最大;由T1至T5逐渐减小;由T5至T10逐渐增大.PRU-L和PL以T1为最小;以T10为最大;由T1至T10逐渐增大.PRU-A和PA以T1为最大;以T10最小;由T1至T10逐渐缩小.PRU-L与PL、PRU-W与PW间均有显著性差异(P＜0.01).PRU-W、PRU-L在男女之间差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.01).PRU置钉的安全角度范围△A为20°～30°.结论:胸椎PRU的横径、钉道长度均较同节段的椎弓根大;经PRU可置入更粗更长的螺钉;有更大的内倾角;安全置钉角度范围也较大.     

单节段与短节段椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰段单椎体骨折的疗效比较

现已广泛开展的后路短节段椎弓根钉内固定术(shortsegment peclicle instrumentation,SSPI)尽管较长节段固定优越,但仍存在内固定失败、矫正丢失、多融合一个节段、加速邻近节段退变等不足,且有学者认为随着融合节段的增多,邻近关节突关节退变愈严重~([1]).近年来,为进一步减少融合节段,有学者开展了后路单节段椎弓根钉内固定术(monosegment pedicle instrumentation,MSPI)~([2]).本文回顾性分析自2003年3月至2006年6月我院对91例胸腰椎骨折患者分别采用伤椎置钉单节段椎弓根内固定~([3])与短书段椎弓内固定椎间植骨融合的治疗情况,疗效满意,现报告如下.     

后路融合与不融合结合短节段椎弓根钉内固定 治疗胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折的系统评价

目的：对后路短节段椎弓根内固定结合或不结合植骨融合治疗成人胸腰段爆裂骨折的疗效进行系统评价。方法：计算机检索MEDLINE（1966.1-2010.9）、EMBASE（1966.1-2010.9）、中国生物医学数据库（1979.1-2010.7）,手工检索中文相关杂志。收集所有采用后路短节短椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰段（T10-L2）爆裂骨折,并对比术中行后外侧植骨融合与不行植骨融合临床疗效的所有随机对照、半随机对照、前瞻性以及回顾性临床队列研究的文献,并评价纳入研究的方法学质量。利用Cochrane协作网最新提供的RevMan5.0.18软件进行统计学分析。结果：共纳入符合标准的文献4篇,其中随机对照研究2篇;前瞻性队列研究1篇;回顾性队列研究1篇。Meta分析显示,非融合组在手术时间、术中出血量方面明显低于融合组;非融合组与融合组在维持后凸矫正度数、神经功能恢复以及腰痛方面无统计学差异;非融合组内固定失败率明显高于融合组。结论：对于胸腰段爆裂骨折的患者,后路短节段椎弓根钉内固定不结合后外侧植骨融合可增加内固定失败的发生率。考虑目前的医疗环境,建议在使用后路短节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰段爆裂骨折时采取植骨融合技术。     

颈椎椎间孔螺钉、椎弓根螺钉与侧块螺钉钉道的影像学测量比较

目的测量下颈椎椎间孔螺钉的钉道长度及角度参数,并与椎弓根螺钉和侧块螺钉进行比较。方法选取2018年1月至2018年6月连续进行健康查体的受检者,共50名(男25名,女25名)的颈椎CT影像资料,年龄(56.00±15.90)岁(范围:29～89岁)。对受检者的CT数据进行三维重建,依据椎间孔螺钉、椎弓根螺钉、侧块螺钉(Magerl法)置钉技术的进钉点和钉道设计在三维重建模型上选定后进行调整,在调整完毕的重建图像上分别对C3～C7节段进行钉道长度和进钉角度测量,记录其最大内倾角、最适内倾角、最小内倾角、最适钉道长度、椎弓根宽度等参数测量值。间隔2周由同1名脊柱外科医生对各影像学参数再次进行测量,取两次测量的平均值。结果颈椎椎间孔螺钉总体最适钉道长度和内倾角分别为C3 10.65 mm,21.12°;C4 10.12 mm,22.62°;C5 9.82 mm,23.66°;C6 9.19 mm,24.13°和C7 9.10 mm,27.54°。C3节段总体最适钉道长度最长;C7节段总体最适钉道长度最短(F=19.287,P <0.001),但与C6节段的差异无统计学意义(P=0.67...     

椎弓根钉道参数的变异性及其相关因素的研究

目的研究椎弓根钉道相关参数的变异性及引起变异的具有临床意义的相关因素。方法用PickerPQ6000螺旋CT扫描仪对C3～L5椎体进行扫描。共扫描198例(男118例,女80例)的736个椎体。测量每个椎体的椎弓根横径、钉道长度、及e角(椎弓根轴线与矢状面夹角),观察椎体形态及椎体、棘突、人体三者各自矢状轴间的关系,如有异常则测量并记录。同时记录受检者的性别、身高、体重。以上数据用SPSS软件进行统计学处理。结果统计结果显示:每一节椎体的椎弓根宽度、钉道长度及e角均有较大的极差及四分位数间距。虽然t检验显示不同性别间的钉道长度、椎弓根宽度均有明显的统计学差异,但在进一步以协方差分析法分析各因素的交互效应时发现,在消除体重、身高两因素后,椎弓根宽度及钉道长度均与性别无关。泊松相关分析显示身高、体重均与椎弓根宽度及钉道长度呈显著正相关,而e角与后两者无显著相关性。对椎体畸变的观察显示:14(1.9%)个胸腰椎椎体矢状轴与人体矢状轴不一致;11(1.0%)个椎体棘突轴与椎体矢状轴不一致;T9以下,14(4.9%)个椎体的椎弓根横径小于4mm;4个椎体椎弓根外凸变形,影响置钉位置。结论人体椎弓根钉道参数具有较大的变异性,不同个体、不同节段水平均有显著不同;体重和身高是两个影响变异性重要的相关因素。偶发     

几种微创椎间融合术内固定术式的生物力学比较

目的 探讨经椎间孔减压椎间融合术(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF)微创内固定方法的选择.方法 选取5具人新鲜尸体脊椎标本L4,5节段为受试节段,在生物力学实验机上分别测量每具标本施术前、双侧椎弓根钉棒固定、同侧椎弓根钉棒固定、对侧椎弓根钉棒固定、同侧椎弓根钉棒加对...     

脊柱单节段前中柱切除后不同节段椎弓根螺钉内固定的稳定性测试

目的:比较脊柱单节段前中柱切除后不同节段椎弓根螺钉内固定的稳定性,探讨单节段固定在前中柱病变手术中的可行性。方法:10具小牛新鲜脊柱标本(T10～L5),先测试完整状态下的运动范围(ROM),再模拟L1～L2前中柱病变切除手术:切除L1/2椎间盘和邻近终板共2cm高,行自体髂骨支撑植骨,后路依次用单节段短钉、单节段长钉、短节段和长节段椎弓根内固定系统进行固定,在不同固定方式下测试模型在轴向压缩、侧弯、屈伸和扭转方向上的ROM,计算相对运动范围(RROM)。结果:不同加载方向长节段固定组、短节段固定组的RROM均小于单节段短钉固定组和单节段长钉固定组(P0.05);单节段短钉固定组和单节段长钉固定组的RROM比较无显著性差异(P0.05);单节段短钉固定组和单节段长钉固定组的ROM均小于完整组(P0.05)。结论:小牛新鲜脊柱标本前中柱切除后植骨单节段椎弓根螺钉固定的稳定性低于短节段和长节段固定,但是高于完整状态;脊柱前中柱支撑植骨后,单节段短钉固定与单节段长钉固定的即刻稳定性相近。     

脊柱虚拟手术系统辅助下颈椎椎弓根置钉的临床评估

目的:评价脊柱虚拟手术系统(spinal virtual surgery system,SVSS)辅助下行颈椎椎弓根置钉的准确性。方法:对收治的有术后多层螺旋CT(MSCT)复查资料的27例行椎弓根螺钉固定的下颈椎疾患病例,分为SVSS 3D技术辅助手术组(A组,10例)和MSCT 3D技术辅助手术组(B组,17例)。两组病例术前均行螺旋CT扫描,A组原始数据导出CT工作站,格式转换后导入SVSS系统行三维重建;B组原始数据直接在CT工作站行三维重建。两系统都选择VR和MPR重建,开展术前个体化评估以指导手术。术后螺旋CT复查评估置钉准确性,螺钉穿破评价参照Richter分级标准。结果:A组术后10例共50枚螺钉中44枚(88%)完全位于椎弓根内;6枚(12%)穿破椎弓根,其中1级穿破5枚(10%),2级穿破1枚(2%)。B组术后17例共76枚螺钉中67枚(88.16%)完全位于椎弓根内;9枚(11.84%)穿破,其中1级穿破6枚(7.89%),2级穿破3枚(3.95%)。两组间穿破率比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:SVSS可应用于实施术前个体化评估、个体化治疗方案制定及术后疗效评估和康复锻炼指导等。     

Value of intraoperative true lateral radiograph of C2 pedicle for C1-2 transarticular screw insertion.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Transarticular C1-2 screws are widely used in posterior cervical spine instrumentation. Injury to the vertebral artery during insertion of transarticular Cl-2 screw remains a serious complication. Use of a computer-assisted surgery system decreases this complication considerably. However, this system encounters problems in ensuring complete accuracy because of positional variations during preoperative and intraoperative imaging generation. Therefore, intraoperative fluoroscopy still is one of the commonly used methods to guide insertion of transarticular Cl-2 screw. Evaluation of a true lateral radiographic view of the C2 pedicle for screw trajectory during C1-2 transarticular screw insertion may help to minimize this potential complication. PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of intraoperative true lateral radiograph of the C2 pedicle for screw trajectory during C1-2 transarticular screw insertion. STUDY DESIGN: To compare the height of the C2 pedicle area allowing instrumentation on true lateral view radiograph of the C2 pedicle and computed tomographic (CT) scan with multiplanar reconstruction. METHODS: Twenty embalmed human cadaveric cervical spine specimens were used to insert a total of 40 C1-2 transarticular screws using Magerl and Seemann technique. One side of the C2 transverse foramen was filled with radiopaque material (lead oxide) to simulate the artery and to demarcate the danger zone for better visualization on radiography. Measurements and calculation of the mean and standard deviation of the height of the area allowing instrumentation of the C2 pedicle were done on true lateral view radiograph of the C2 pedicle, the sagittal and 30 degrees sagittal views relative to the frontal plane passing exactly through the center of the C2 pedicle of CT scans. Student t test was applied to calculate the statistical significance of measured values. Statistical significance was defined as por=.36. Using sagittal CT scan views, the height of pedicles was 7.71+/-0.7 mm (right) and 7.58+/-1.01 mm (left), p>or=.23. On 30 degrees sagittal CT scan views, the height of pedicles was 7.84+/-1.00 mm (right) and 7.76+/-1.02 mm (left), p>or=.27. The p value was >or=.78, >or=.56, and >or=.49 for true lateral radiographic view and sagittal CT scan view, true lateral radiographic view and 30 degrees sagittal CT scan view, and sagittal CT scan view and 30 degrees sagittal CT scan views, respectively. On lateral view of cervical spine, the decline angle of the transarticular screw was 51.3+/-0.50 degrees (right) and 50.68+/-0.41 degrees (left), p>or=.17. Mean decline angle was 51+/-0.43 degrees . On the anteroposterior (AP) view, radiograph median angle was 6.87+/-0.53 degrees (right) and 6.0+/-0.59 degrees (left), p>or=.25. Mean median angle was 6.44+/-0.62 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: True lateral radiographic views of the pedicles provide useful information for defining screw trajectory intraoperatively. Using this view along with AP and lateral view of cervical spine and preoperative three-dimensional CT scan may narrow the margin of error in this delicate area.     

Morphological Study of Subaxial Cervical Pedicles by Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Reconstruction Image

Malpositioning of cervical screws risks neurovascular injury. A cervical screw fixation system can provide proper rigidity, alignment correction, and high rates of fusion afforded by high pullout biomechanical strength. The objective is to assess the dimensions and axis of the C3–C7 cervical pedicles. A 1-mm slice thickness computed tomography (CT) scan of the cervical spine of 30 patients (15 males, 15 females) were analyzed and reconstructed in three-dimensions using Mimics^® 10.01 software. We measured pedicle axis length (PAL), pedicle and lateral mass length (PL-LM), pedicle length (PL), outer pedicle width (OPW), and pedicle transverse angle (PTA) from the axial image and outer pedicle height (OPH) and pedicle sagittal angle (PSA) from the sagittal image. The OPH and OPW at all subaxial cervical spines were suitable for insertion of 3.5 mm cervical pedicle screws. PSA was directed cranially at C3 to C5 (13.84, 7.09, and 2.71) and directed caudally at C6 and C7 (–4.55, –6.94). PTA was greatest at C5 and smallest at C7. The respective difference between the left and right side for nearly all parameters was not statistically significant (except for C6 PL and C7 OPH). Females had a significantly smaller OPH and OPW than males at nearly all levels. The PTA was not significantly different between the sexes. Cervical pedicle screw fixation in the Thai population can be safely performed and guidelines for insertion at each vertebra documented. Appropriate preoperative planning is necessary to achieve safe and accurate placement of the screws.     

幼猪胸腰椎椎弓根参数的CT测量对置钉的指导意义

[目的]采用CT扫描测量约克夏幼猪的胸腰椎椎弓根螺钉置入的相关参数,提供动物实验的解剖学参考数据。[方法]10只6周龄的雌性约克夏幼猪进行CT平扫三维重建后测量T1～L5的椎体高度、椎体横径、椎体纵径、椎管横径、椎弓根骨性通道全长、椎弓根宽度等参数,按照测量数据置入椎弓根螺钉,术后再次行CT扫描检查,评估螺钉置入准确性。[结果]根据CT影像学测量结果,椎弓根宽度平均为5.3～7.4 mm,椎弓根骨性通道全长平均为18.8～22.6 mm,椎弓根水平面置入角度平均为32.1°～44.4°之间。根据测量数据,选取直径为4.5 mm,长度为25 mm的椎弓根螺钉,并在幼猪脊柱成功置入,固定效果可靠。[结论]尽管幼猪的脊椎较小,通过术前CT测量的指导,可以有效地指导椎弓根螺钉的置入。     

骨水泥强化治疗骨质疏松症伴脊柱侧弯疗效分析

目的探讨对伴骨质疏松症的退行性脊柱侧弯病人行后路减压、骨水泥强化钉道椎弓根内固定融合治疗的临床疗效。方法 2006-10-2009-07收治伴骨质疏松症的退变性脊柱侧弯患者18例,女11例,男7例,平均年龄64.5岁,均冠状面畸形,Cobb’s角>15°或合并椎体旋转半脱位以及合并椎体骨质疏松性病理性骨折。手术采取部分椎板切除,松解神经根以充分减压,骨水泥强化钉道的椎弓根长节段钉棒系统进行矫形,记录手术前后Cobb’s角、前凸角,手术前后进行ODI评分。结果所有病例切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染或深静脉血栓等近期并发症;进行24~54个月随访(平均36个月),未出现断钉、断棒,及椎弓根钉拔出、松动、融合节段假关节形成或感染等远期并发症。患者术后冠状面Cobb’s角均低于术前(P<0.05),腰椎矢状面前凸角均高于术前(P<0.05),ODI综合评分均低于术前(P<0.05)。结论在充分减压消除症状的基础上,用骨水泥强化钉道进行侧弯的矫形,可以获得脊柱平衡并能够避免矫形的丢失。     

3D打印技术辅助中上胸椎椎弓根置钉的准确性分析

目的评价3D打印技术在中上胸椎"分水岭"区域损伤(T3~7)椎弓根置钉时的应用价值。方法回顾性分析自2013-03—2016-02手术治疗的7例T3~7骨折或脱位。对患者进行薄层CT扫描,采用3D打印技术打印出中上胸椎实体模型,在模型上标定需固定节段的椎弓根钉进钉点(Magerl法),测量每一个节段螺钉的直径、长度、内倾角、头倾(尾倾)角,然后选择合适的椎弓根钉模拟置钉。结果本组共置入56枚椎弓根钉,按目前通行的评估椎弓根钉准确性的方法,在CT平扫的影像上对椎弓根穿透的程度进行分级:0级33枚,1级18枚,2级4枚(穿破外侧壁),3级1枚(穿破外侧壁,未造成不良后果),准确率91.1%。结论对于中上胸椎椎弓根置钉困难的患者,尤其是需要长节段置钉时,可以在3D打印的实体模型上模拟置钉,选择安全、有效的椎弓根钉,提高徒手置钉准确率,缩短了年轻医师的学习曲线。     

Morphological character of cervical spine for anterior transpedicular screw fixation

Background:

Anterior cervical interbody grafts/cages combined with a plate were frequently used in multilevel discectomies/corpectomies. In order to avoid additional posterior stabilization in patients who undergo anterior reconstructive surgery, an anterior cervical transpedicular screw fixation, which offers higher stability is desirable. We investigated in this study the anatomical (morphologic) characters for cervical anterior transpedicular screw fixation.

Materials and Methods:

Left pedicle parameters were measured on computed tomography (CT) images based on 36 cervical spine CT scans from healthy subjects. The parameters included outer pedicle width (Distance from lateral to medial pedicle surface in the coronal plane), outer pedicle height (OPH) (Distance from upper to lower pedicle surface in the sagittal plane), maximal pedicle axis length (MPAL), distance transverse insertion point (DIP), distance of the insertion point to the upper end plate (DIUP), pedicle sagittal transverse angle (PSTA) and pedicle transverse angle (PTA) at C3 to C7.

Results:

The values of outer pedicle width and MPAL in males were larger than in females from C3 to C7. The OPH in males was larger than in females at C3 to C6, but there was no difference at C7. The DIP and PTA were significantly greater in males than in females at C3, but there was no difference in the angle at C4-7. The PSTA was not statistically different between genders at C3, 4, 7, but this value in males was larger than females at C5, 6. The DIUP was significantly greater in males at C3, 4, 6, 7 but was non significant at C5.

Conclusions:

The placement of cervical anterior transpedicular screws should be individualized for each patient and based on a detailed preoperative planning.     

Renaissance脊柱手术机器人在胸腰椎骨折中的临床应用

目的 评价Renaissance脊柱手术机器人应用于胸腰椎骨折的有效性和安全性.方法 前瞻性纳入2017年1月—2019年1月收治的胸腰椎骨折患者82例,按随机数字表法分为机器人组(Renaissance脊柱手术机器人辅助置钉,40例)和对照组(透视下徒手置钉,42例).比较机器人组和对照组置钉准确率、一次性置钉成功率...     

后路椎弓根钉棒固定治疗退变性脊柱侧弯的临床疗效

目的探讨后路椎弓根螺钉固定技术治疗退变性脊柱侧弯的临床效果。方法对20例退变性脊柱侧弯患者进行手术矫正,对Cobb角20°的1例患者行椎管减压、椎体融合、短节段椎弓根钉棒系统固定术;对Cobb角20°的19例患者行椎管减压、椎体融合、长节段椎弓根钉棒系统固定并植骨融合术。结果患者均获得6个月的随访。未出现术后感染及断钉、断棒等情况。Cobb角、腰椎前凸角和胸腰段后凸角:术后均较术前明显改善(P0.05),术后6个月均较术后进一步改善(P0.05)。JOA评分及ODI评分:术后均较术前明显改善(P0.05),术后6个月均较术后进一步改善(P0.05)。结论椎管减压是减轻患者疼痛的前提,在此基础上行后路椎弓根钉棒系统固定术能重建脊柱的稳定性,改善患者生活质量。     

二次测量三维CT重建数据在脊柱侧弯矫形术中的应用

目的探讨术前二次测量三维CT重建数据在脊柱侧弯矫形术中的应用和临床意义。方法 2006年8月-2008年3月收治11例重度僵硬型脊柱侧凸患者,男4例,女7例;年龄15～19岁,平均17.2岁。术前在软件操作平台上行二次测量三维CT重建数据,根据测量结果选取入钉点位置,选择合适长度和直径的椎弓根螺钉,按测量角度植入螺钉。共植入197枚螺钉。记录椎弓根螺钉植入时间、术中失血量、术后神经功能状态,测量手术前后矢状面、冠状面Cobb角改变率,术后CT评估螺钉植入的准确性(Andrew分级)。结果椎弓根螺钉植入时间为1～11 min,平均5.8 min;术中失血量为450～2 300 mL,平均1 520 mL。术后1周内复查X线片,冠状面Cobb角矫正率68.5%,矢状面Cobb角矫正率55.5%。术后1周内复查CT扫描显示螺钉位置Ⅰ级77枚(39.1%),Ⅱ级116枚(58.9%),Ⅲ级4枚(2.0%)。11例均获随访,随访时间14个月～2年,无内固定物断裂、移位等并发症以及神经刺激症状发生。结论术前二次测量三维CT重建后的数据为脊柱侧弯患者提供了有效的术中指导,可提高椎弓根植钉准确率和手术安全性。