尺骨上段合并鹰嘴骨折内固定的生物力学研究

目的比较克氏针张力带、重建钢板联合张力带及鹰嘴解剖钢板固定尺骨上段合并鹰嘴骨折3种方式的生物力学稳定性,为临床选择内固定提供理论依据。方法 8个自愿捐献的新鲜成人尸体肘关节标本,均为男性;年龄26～43岁,平均34.8岁。于尺骨上段及尺骨鹰嘴分别截骨制作尺骨上段合并鹰嘴骨折模型。每个标本分别采用克氏针张力带(A组)、重建钢板联合张力带(B组)及鹰嘴解剖钢板(C组)3种方式对骨折端固定。采用生物力学测试系统进行单轴压缩试验,记录载荷-位移曲线,内固定系统的稳定性采用骨折端压缩位移为2 mm时所加的载荷值进行评价。结果实验过程中未出现克氏针退出、钢板螺钉断裂、标本破坏,标本与夹具固定无松动。3组标本均表现为位移随载荷增加而逐渐增长,但B、C组的载荷-位移曲线斜率明显高于A组。当骨折端压缩位移为2 mm时,A、B、C组的所加载荷值分别为(218.6±66.9)、(560.3±116.1)、(577.2±137.6)N,B、C组所加载荷值均显著高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B、C组间差异无统计学意义(t=0.305,P=0.763)。结论尺骨上段合并鹰嘴骨折多为不稳定骨折,重建钢板联合张力带、鹰嘴解剖钢板固定均能满足要求,临床上可根据患者情况合理选用。克氏针张力带固定不够牢固,临床上应避免单独使用。     

单一鹰嘴解剖钢板治疗尺骨上段并鹰嘴骨折

目的探讨单一鹰嘴解剖钢板治疗尺骨上段合并鹰嘴骨折的临床疗效。方法 2009年1月至2011年9月,采用单一鹰嘴解剖钢板治疗7例尺骨上段合并鹰嘴骨折患者。男5例,女2例;年龄26～63岁,平均46.6岁。左侧5例,右侧2例。均为闭合骨折。尺骨上段粉碎性骨折4例,斜形骨折3例;鹰嘴横断骨折5例,粉碎性骨折2例。合并同侧桡骨头骨折1例,同侧桡骨骨折2例,冠状突骨折1例,肱骨干骨折2例,肩胛骨骨折1例,肘关节脱位2例。结果切口均Ⅰ期愈合,所有患者均获随访,随访时间10～36个月,平均20个月。X线片检查示,骨折均于术后12～48周达临床愈合,平均16周。术后均无尺神经损伤症状发生。术后3个月出现异位骨化1例,术后4个月出现肘关节僵硬1例,均经对症处理后好转。患者肘关节屈伸度为10～130°,平均102°;前臂旋转度为45～165°,平均120°。肘关节功能按照美国特种外科医院（the hospital for special surgery,HSS）评分标准评定疗效,优5例,良2例。结论单一鹰嘴解剖钢板治疗尺骨上段合并鹰嘴骨折,术后患者可早期行功能锻炼,疗效满意。     

尺骨鹰嘴骨折合并肘关节前脱位的手术治疗

目的应用内固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折合并肘关节前脱位。方法对15例资料完整的病例进行回顾性分析。其中男10例,女5例;年龄22－48岁,平均38岁。车祸伤9例,高处坠落伤6例。开放性损伤3例,闭合性损伤12例。尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折14例,斜形骨折1例。13例合并冠状突骨折,2例合并肱骨外髁骨折。对所有病例应用内固定治疗,包括单纯张力带固定4例,张力带加螺钉固定5例,张力带加重建钢板或半管状钢板固定6例。3例行一期植骨。结果术后平均随访18个月。肘关节和前臂平均活动范围：屈肘105°,伸肘－20°;前臂旋前50°,旋后60°。按照Broberg和Morrey评估标准进行评价,优8例,良6例,可1例。其中张力带加钢板治疗组6例均为优。结论　　高能量损伤中因尺骨近端多为粉碎性骨折,且多同时合并冠状突骨折,肘关节极不稳定,单纯应用张力带固定不能获得稳定的固定,建议用重建钢板对尺骨近端骨折进行稳定固定,以获得正常的鹰嘴宽度和肱尺关节对合关系。一旦尺骨骨折向前移位得到纠正,桡骨头脱位也大多同时得到复位。存在明显骨缺损者应一期植骨。     

尺骨鹰嘴接骨板与张力带钢丝内固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折疗效观察

目的 比较尺骨鹰嘴接骨板与克氏针张力带钢丝内固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的临床疗效.方法回顾性研究尺骨鹰嘴骨折50例,分为接骨板治疗组(16例)和张力带钢丝治疗组(34例).结果获得随访8～16个月,平均12个月.疗效随访结果为:钢板组优14例,良1例,可1例;张力带组优30例,良2例,可2例.结论尺骨鹰嘴接骨板和张力带钢丝都...     

髌骨针张力带治疗单纯尺骨鹰嘴骨折

<正>2016年1月～2017年2月,我科采用髌骨针张力带治疗6例单纯尺骨鹰嘴骨折患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1. 1病例资料本组6例,男4例,女2例,年龄18～68岁。均为单纯尺骨鹰嘴骨折。伤后至手术时间2～8 d。1. 2治疗方法臂丛麻醉。取肘后正中切口,长6～10 cm。由尺骨鹰嘴尖端     

尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨双钢板、张力带固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨双钢板、张力带固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法14例肱骨远端C型骨折患者均采用尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨的方法显露,双钢板固定骨折,尺骨鹰嘴截骨复位后张力带固定。结果14例均获随访,时间4～15个月。骨折全部骨性愈合,时间9～14周。13例肘关节活动度96°～142°（105°±2°）,1例C3型骨折粉碎严重,术后肘关节活动度仅15°;1例术后发生尺神经麻痹,对症治疗后好转。无深部感染、钢板螺钉松动断裂的发生。参照Cassebaum标准：优6例,良5例,可2例,差1例。结论尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨双钢板、张力带固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折显露充分,固定坚强可靠,结合早期功能锻炼,可获得良好的关节功能,是一种较为理想的治疗方法。     

尺骨鹰嘴骨折两种治疗方法的疗效比较

目的：比较尺骨鹰嘴钢板和张力带治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的疗效。方法：采用2种方法治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折63例，张力带内固定组（A组）35例，男21例，女14例；年龄15-62岁，平均48．9岁。尺骨鹰嘴钢板内固定组（B组）28例，男20例，女8例；年龄25～67岁．平均50．6岁。按Delee，JC（1984）分类方法，A组1A型5例，1B型8例，2型14例，3型7例，4型1例；B组1A型3例，1B型5例，2型6例，3型11例，4型3例。比较两组固定方法的疗效。结果：63例患者均获随访，时间6～15个月，参照庞桂根疗效评价标准，B组：优20例，良7例，可1例，差0例；A组：优23例，良10例，可2例，差0例。两种治疗方法疗效差异无统计学意义。结论：尺骨鹰嘴钢板和张力带都是治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的有效方法，可根据具体情况选择使用。     

尺骨鹰嘴骨折的手术治疗

2000年7月～2007年7月,我院采用张力带钢丝和鹰嘴钢板手术内固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折41例,临床效果满意。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组41例,男26例,女15例,年龄13～62岁。致伤原因：摔伤18例,车祸伤10例,高处坠落伤9例,刀砍伤4例。按Mayo分型：Ⅱ型22例,Ⅲ型19例。合并尺骨冠突骨折11例,肘关节前脱位6例。1.2手术方法臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,显露骨折端,直视下整复骨折端,用C形复位钳固定。     

双张力带固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折

自 198 7年 10月至 1996年 8月我院采用双张力带固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折 42例 ,经随访肘关节功能满意。报告如下 :1　临床资料　　本组 42例 ,男 2 9例 ,女 13例 ;年龄 19～ 5 1岁 ;开放骨折5例 ,闭合骨折 37例。骨折类型 :根据Ｒｉｓｅｂｏｒｏｕｇｈ和Ｒａｄｉｎ分类标准[1] :Ⅲ型 36例 ,Ⅳ型 6例。合并伤 :尺神经损伤 2例 ,桡神经损伤 1例。同一肢体骨折 3例 ,其中尺骨鹰嘴骨折2例 ,尺桡骨骨折 1例。2　治疗方法取肘后“Ｕ”形切口 ,沿肘关节远端两侧 ,在尺骨嵴上相连接 ,游离尺神经 ,牵开保护之。尺骨鹰嘴截骨 ,近端带有肱三头肌腱 ,向上…     

重建钢板或尺骨钢板治疗尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折

目的:明确切开复位钢板内固定是否为尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折较好的治疗方法.方法 :采用切开复位重建钢板或尺骨钢板内固定治疗的25例尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折,其中2例同时合并肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折,1例合并桡骨小头骨折肘关节前脱位.结果 :25例均获得随访,随访时间10-36个月,平均20个月.骨折愈合良好,平均愈合时间4.5个月(3-...     

Monteggia fracture dislocation equivalents ---analysis of eighteen cases treated by open reduction and internal fixation

Objective: Monteggia fracture dislocation equivalent, though already described by Bado, is still an unclassified entity. We aimed to retrospectively analyze 18 cases of Monteggia variants and discuss the injury mechanisms, management, and outcome along with a re view of the literature. Methods: A retrospective record of Monteggia fracture dislocation (2003-2008) was reviewed from medical record department of our institute. Classic Monteggia fracture dislocation, children below 12 years or adults over 50 years, as well as open grade Ⅱ & Ⅲ cases were excluded from this study. Monteggia variant inclusion criteria included fracture of the proximal ulna together with a fracture of the radial head or neck and skeletal maturity. Totally 26 patients were identified with Monteggia variants and 18 were available for follow-up, including 11 males and 7 females with the mean age of 35 years. The ulna fracture was treated by compression plating along with tension band wiring. Radial head/neck was reconstructed in 12 patients while excised in 6 patients. Results: Follow-up ranged from 1 -4 years, mean 2.6 years. Patients were assessed clinicoradiologically. Mayo Elbow Performance Score was employed to assess the outcomes. At final follow-up, the results were excellent in 10 patients, good in 4, fair in 2 and poor in 2. Mean range of motion of the elbow was 20°, 116°, 50° and 55° for extension, flexion, pronation and supination, respectively. Two patients had complications in the form of heterotopic ossification and stiffness of the elbow. One nonunion ulna, primarily treated by tension band wiring, was managed by refixation with locking reconstruction plate and bone grafting. Bone grafting was only required in this patient for nonunion. Another patient had implants removed on his request. The results in our series closely correlated with extent of intraarticular damage, coronoid fracture and comminuted fractures. Conclusions: Monteggia fracture dislocation equivalents are rare injuries and pre-surgery recognition by radiographs and 3-D CT helps make optimal plan. The poor results usually relate to intraarticular damage, coronoid fractures and comminution of the ulna and radial head fractures.     

Biomechanical comparison of interfragmentary compression in transverse fractures of the olecranon

Compression and absolute stability are important in the management of intra-articular fractures. We compared tension band wiring with plate fixation for the treatment of fractures of the olecranon by measuring compression within the fracture. Identical transverse fractures were created in models of the ulna. Tension band wires were applied to ten fractures and ten were fixed with Acumed plates. Compression was measured using a Tekscan force transducer within the fracture gap. Dynamic testing was carried out by reproducing cyclical contraction of the triceps of 20 N and of the brachialis of 10 N. Both methods were tested on each sample. Paired t-tests compared overall compression and compression at the articular side of the fracture. The mean compression for plating was 819 N (sd 602, 95% confidence interval (CI)) and for tension band wiring was 77 N (sd 19, 95% CI) (p = 0.039). The mean compression on the articular side of the fracture for plating was 343 N (sd 276, 95% CI) and for tension band wiring was 1 N (sd 2, 95% CI) (p = 0.038). During simulated movements, the mean compression was reduced in both groups, with tension band wiring at -14 N (sd 7) and for plating -173 N (sd 32). No increase in compression on the articular side was detected in the tension band wiring group. Pre-contoured plates provide significantly greater compression than tension bands in the treatment of transverse fractures of the olecranon, both over the whole fracture and specifically at the articular side of the fracture. In tension band wiring the overall compression was reduced and articular compression remained negligible during simulated contraction of the triceps, challenging the tension band principle.     

经双皮质克氏针张力带治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折术后前臂旋后功能障碍

目的分析双皮质克氏针张力带法治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折导致前臂旋后功能障碍的原因。方法2000年7月至今采用该方法治疗的尺骨鹰嘴骨折病人43例。通过对术中穿入克氏针时前臂的旋转位置、克氏针的穿入方式、克氏针穿出尺骨前方皮质的长度与前臂旋后范围的相关性加以分析,以确定该方法导致前臂旋后障碍的可能原因,并提出解决办法。结果该组病人前臂旋后功能的恢复明显较旋前功能恢复差,前臂处于旋前位和交叉穿针是导致该现象的主要原因。结论经双皮质克氏针张力带治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折时,前臂旋后功能障碍的发生率较高。严格遵循手术操作规范可降低该并发症的发生率。     

Posterior olecranon plating: biomechanical and clinical evaluation of a new operative technique

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the biomechanical analysis of a new plating technique for olecranon fractures to tension band wiring, and review early clinical results. Six matched pairs of cadaveric ulnae were used for the biomechanical analysis. A transverse osteotomy of the mid part of the olecranon was made. One ulna of each pair was stabilized using a tension band and the other with a posterior hook plate. The ulnae were mounted and loaded, and displacement at the osteotomy site recorded. Twenty patients treated with this new technique (14 fractures and 6 osteotomies) were reviewed at one year (range: 8 to 18 months) for infection, union rate, hardware related complaints. and removal. Statistical analysis showed significantly less displacement occurred at the osteotomy site in the plating group. Clinically, all patients had fracture union, and there were no hardware related problems. Posterior plating with this technique achieves greater stability compared to tension band wiring. Early clinical results indicate a low level of hardware related complications.     

Functional outcome following treatment of transolecranon fracture-dislocation of the elbow

Elbow fracture-dislocations are considered as difficult injuries to treat. Anterior olecranon fracture-dislocation consist an uncommon pattern which is likely to be under-diagnosed. Eight patients identified as anterior fracture-dislocation of the elbow were retrospectively reviewed. There were seven men and one woman with an average age of 35 years (range, 22-58 years). Proximal ulna fracture was comminuted in seven and simple oblique in one patient. Associated fractures were of coronoid in four and radial head in two. Reconstruction plate was used in seven patients and tension band wiring in just one. Nevertheless, tension wiring failed and was successfully revised to plate fixation combined with bone graft. Patients were followed for an average of 37.4 months (range, 10-50 months). The end results were two excellent, five good and one fair, based on Broberg and Morrey scale. An average score of 89 points was obtained using American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons elbow scoring system. Treatment of anterior olecranon fracture dislocation is mostly satisfactory if contour and dimension of greater sigmoid notch is accurately restored.     

Methods of fixation of olecranon fractures. An experimental mechanical study

This study was designed to compare the rigidity of the more commonly used techniques of internal fixation of fractures of the olecranon. Cadaveric elbow joints were mounted in a jig and controlled osteotomies performed to simulate transverse, oblique or comminuted fractures. Five techniques of internal fixation were tested by measuring movement at the fracture site after applying a bending moment to the ulna. At transverse osteotomies tension-band wiring with two tightening knots allowed least movement even at high loads. Intramedullary cancellous screw fixation gave erratic results; adding a tension band with a single know was little better. In oblique osteotomies, no statistically significant difference was shown between one-third tubular plate fixation and double-knot wiring. Comminuted osteotomies were held most rigidly by contoured one-third tubular plate fixation.     

Tension band wiring of olecranon fractures. A modification of the AO technique.

One of the weaknesses of the tension band wiring technique for the treatment of olecranon fractures is that it may open up the fracture at the articular surface of the ulna. A simple modification of the technique eliminates this problem by converting the distracting forces at the articular surface of the joint to compressive forces.     

Reconstruction of Monteggia-like proximal ulna fractures using different fixation devices: A biomechanical study

BackgroundComminuted proximal ulna fractures are rare and reconstruction of these fractures is discussed controversially. The aim of this study was to test three currently available plate devices in a standardized comminuted four-part fracture model created in proximal ulna sawbones.Material and methodsA standardized four-part fracture of the proximal ulna was created in 80 sawbones. Reconstruction was performed by five experienced test surgeons according to a standardized reconstruction protocol. Each surgeon reconstructed 4 fractures with a 3.5 mm eight-hole reconstruction plate, 4 fractures with seven-hole third-tubular double plates and 4 fractures with a 3.5 mm anatomical seven-hole locked angle proximal ulna plate. 4 more fractures were reconstructed with simple K-wires as a reference construct for further experiments. Outcome measurements were time for reconstruction, quality of reconstruction and stability of the reconstruction. Stability testing was done in 90° and 30° flexion of the elbow. Testing in 30° flexion was done to test the anteroposterior stability regarding the fixed coronoid process.ResultsTime for reconstruction was significantly less for K-wire fixation than for the plate devices. Time for reconstruction plating and locked angle plating was significantly lower than for double plating (p < 0.005). Quality of reduction did not differ between the three plate systems (p < 0.05). K-wire fixation showed the best quality of reduction (p < 0.005). In 90° of elbow flexion the anatomic locked angle olecranon plate showed a significantly higher stability compared to the other devices. Furthermore the tubular double plating was significantly more stable than reconstruction plating or K-wire fixation (p < 0.05). In anteroposterior loading at 30°, the stability did not differ between the 4 different fixation techniques (p > 0.05). For all devices the testing in 30° flexion showed a significantly higher rigidity compared to 90° flexion.ConclusionThe locked angle plate system showed the highest stability in 90° of elbow flexion. Each implant was more stable in 30° flexion than in 90° flexion. Testing of the anterior stability of the elbow did not show any differences between the different implants. Because of the superior stability of this device, we conclude that locked angle plating should be preferred for reconstruction of monteggia like complex proximal ulna fractures.     

不同类型尺骨近端骨折的内固定选择和疗效分析

目的探讨不同类型尺骨近端骨折的临床特点、内固定选择、手术策略和临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2014年6月至2017年6月收治的45例尺骨近端骨折患者资料，男26例、女19例；年龄19~65岁，平均40.8岁；致伤原因：摔伤25例，高处坠落伤12例，交通伤8例。所有患者均行手术治疗，根据骨折的特点和类型分别选择克氏针张力带、解剖钢板或两者联合的方法固定骨折，恢复骨性结构的稳定性。合并尺骨冠状突骨折采用袢钢板固定。合并桡骨头骨折采用微型钢板固定或金属桡骨头置换。合并韧带损伤时均采用带线锚钉缝合固定修补。 结果45例患者获15.6个月（12~24个月）随访。随访结果：所有患者均获骨性愈合，愈合时间平均为11.2周（8~16周）。末次随访：肘部屈曲活动80°~135°，平均121°；肘部伸直活动0~30°，平均8°。Mayo肘关节功能评分为50~100分，平均88.2分，其中优26例，良15例，可2例，差2例，优良率为91.1％。 结论尺骨近端骨折形态各异，应该根据受伤机制、骨折特点及患者情况进行骨折严重程度的评估和分型，选择合理的内固定方式，积极进行术后康复，恢复良好的肘关节功能。