大米重金属污染的健康风险评价

目的：评价某地区大米中重金属对人体健康产生的潜在危害。方法根据是否存在明确污染源,2012年在某市辖区范围内抽取A县、B县和C县产大米34份,对大米中的总砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、汞（Hg）和铅（Pb）5种重金属进行检测,按照美国国家环境保护署（USEPA）推荐方法,建立大米中重金属污染健康风险评价模型,对重金属通过饮食途径引起的健康风险作出评价。结果34份大米总超标率为52.94％,其中As、Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb污染平均值为0.183、0.115、0.049、0.014和0.247 mg/kg。5种重金属对人体健康危害的年总风险分别为：A污染区7.01×215;10-4 a-1,B污染区5.19×215;10-4 a-1,C污染区6.20×215;10-4 a-1,合计6.12×215;10-4 a-1。结论3地区大米中重金属污染物对人体健康潜在危害的个人年总风险均大于USEPA推荐最大可接受水平（1×215;10-4 a-1）。     

Metal Concentrations in Age-Groups of the Clam,Megapitaria squalida,from a Coastal Lagoon in Mexico: A Human Health Risk Assessment

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - The present study shows the human health risk of Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn by consumption of clams Megapitaria squalida from Northwest Mexico,...     

Metal Content in Ulva lactuca (Linnaeus) from Navachiste Bay (Southeast Gulf of California) Sinaloa, Mexico

No abstract available.     

Total Mercury in Squalid Callista <Emphasis Type="Italic">Megapitaria squalida</Emphasis> from the SW Gulf of California,Mexico: Tissue Distribution and Human Health Risk

We evaluated the total Hg concentration in different tissues of squalid callista Megapitaria squalida in order to measure Hg distribution in tissue and to estimate human health risk. Samples were obtained by free diving in the SW Gulf of California, Mexico. Concentrations are given on a wet weight basis. A total of 89 squalid callista specimens were obtained, presenting an average Hg concentration of 0.07?±?0.04 µg g^?1. There were no significant differences (p?>?0.05) in Hg concentration between tissues (visceral mass?=?0.09?±?0.08 µg g^?1; mantle?=?0.06?±?0.07 µg g^?1; muscle?=?0.06?±?0.04 µg g^?1). The low Hg values found in squalid callista and its low risk quotient (HQ?=?0.03) suggest that the consumption of squalid callista does not represent a human health risk. However, HQ calculated using MeHg was >?1, it which could indicate a potential risk related to consumption of clams.     

Assessment of Geochemical Mobility of Metals in Surface Sediments of the Santa Rosalia Mining Region,Western Gulf of California

To asses the geomobility of cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc in marine sediments near the Santa Rosalía copper smelter, which is located on the eastern coast of the Baja California Peninsula, sequential leaching was applied to sediment samples containing different levels of Cu: (1) uncontaminated or slightly contaminated (<55 mg kg⁻¹ Cu); (2) moderately contaminated (55–500 mg kg⁻¹ Cu); and (3) heavily contaminated (>500 mg kg⁻¹ Cu). Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in four fractions of the leachate (mobile fraction F1, relatively mobile fraction F2, associated with organic matter/sulphides fraction F3, and residual fraction F4) were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The sediments with Cu concentration <500 mg kg⁻¹ displayed prevalence of mobile acid-leachable fraction F1 and reducible fraction F2 for Cd, Cu, Mn, and Pb, whereas the relative contribution of fraction F3 was relatively low for all of the examined metals. Residual fraction F4 was highest (>65%) for Fe and Ni because both metals are associated with the crystalline matrix of natural sediments. The sediments heavily contaminated with Cu (>500 mg kg⁻¹) had dramatically increased percentages of Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn, ranging on average from 63 to 81%, in the residual fraction. In the case of Cu, for example, the relative abundances of this element in the different fractions of such sediments followed this sequence: residual fraction F4 (76 ± 5%) >absorbed form and carbonates fraction F1 (15 ± 5%) >Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides fraction F2 (5 ± 2%) >fraction associated with organic matter and sulphides F3 (4.5 ± 3.9%). Copper, Pb, and Zn contents in each geochemical fraction of all samples were compared with sediment-quality guideline values (“effects range low” [ERL] and “effects range medium” [ERM]) to assess their possible negative effects on biota. Copper contents in mobile fractions F1 and F2, which were moderately contaminated with Cu, were higher than ERL but lower than ERM guideline values. For heavily contaminated sediments, Zn contents of mobile fractions F1 and F2 were higher than ERL but lower than ERM guideline values. The Cu content of fraction F1 was higher than ERM guideline values, whereas for fractions F2 and F3 copper content was higher than ERL guidelines but still lower than ERM guideline values.     

深圳市饮用水源水中重金属污染物健康风险评价

目的 初步评价深圳市生活饮用水源水中重金属污染物对人体健康产生的潜在危害.方法 于2007年1月-2009年12月,于每个季度对深圳市9个市政水厂水源水水样中砷(As)、铬(六价)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)和硒(Se)6种重金属进行检测.按照美国国家环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的方案建立水环境污染健康风险评...     

Environmental conditions and pesticide pollution of two coastal ecosystems in the Gulf of California, Mexico

In December 1997 and April and September 1998, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll, and pesticide residues were determined in two coastal ecosystems of Sinaloa, NW Mexico: Ensenada del Pabellón and Bahía de Santa María. These two are considered to be among the greatest shrimp producers in the region. Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were similar to those of other ecosystems of this region: high temperatures and salinity in spring and summer (dry season) and lower in winter and the rainy season. Levels of nitrites and phosphates and chlorophyll concentration were relatively higher than those of other ecosystems nearby, probably due to fertilizers used in the agricultural lands surrounding the water bodies studied. The pesticides more frequently detected were BHCalpha, aldrin, endosulfan and parathion. In some cases, pesticides forbidden by Mexican regulations were detected. These results indicate that the ecosystems studied are in a warning condition, because severe biochemical and physiological alterations have been reported in crustaceans exposed to pesticides. Therefore these pesticides could be one cause of the slow growth, diverse pathologies, and mortality in shrimp that have been reported in recent years.     

Trace Elements in Blood of Sea Turtles Lepidochelys olivacea in the Gulf of California,Mexico

This study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in blood collected from Pacific Ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) inhabiting the coast of Guasave, Mexico, in the Gulf of California. The highest reported metal concentration in blood was Zn, followed by Se. Of nonessential toxic metals, As was reported in higher percentage compared to Cd. The concentrations of metals detected were present as follows: Zn > Se > Mn > As > Ni > Cd > Cu. Cd concentration in blood is higher in our population in comparison with other populations of L. olivacea, and even higher in other species of sea turtles. Our study reinforces the usefulness of blood for the monitoring of the levels of contaminating elements, and is easily accessible and nonlethal for sea turtles.     

Preliminary Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Surface Water of the Himalayan Rivers,Nepal

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - This study investigates the contamination levels and risk assessments of 14 elements (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Sr, V and...     

兰州市大气PM_(2.5)中金属和类金属污染健康风险评价

目的了解2015年兰州市(LZ)大气PM_(2.5)中被测元素污染对人群健康的影响。方法 2015年每月10月—16日同时在LZ城关区、西固区进行大气采样,共采集样品168份,分析PM_(2.5)及Sb,Al,As,Cd,Cr,Ni,Pb,Hg,Mn和Se10种元素的污染特征,采用美国环境保护局健康风险评估模型对呼吸暴露健康风险进行评价。结果 LZ城关区、西固区大气PM_(2.5)年均质量浓度分别为0.088 mg/m~3、0.075 mg/m~3,是《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)二级标准限值的2.6倍和2倍。城关区、西固区元素浓度由高到低分别为Al>Pb>Mn>As>Cd>Sb>Ni>Cr>Se>Hg,Al>Pb>Mn>As>Sb>Cr>Ni>Cd>Se>Hg,两区As和Cr的浓度均超过限值。10种金属元素通过呼吸途径对暴露人群的年均超额危险度为3.45×10-12~2.81×10-7,低于人群可接受的危险度水平(10~(-6))。其中城关区监测点10种元素的超额危险度大小由高到低依次为As>Cr>Cd>Al>Ni>Mn>Pb>Hg>Sb>Se,西固区则为Cr>As>Cd>Al>Ni>Pb>Mn>Sb>Hg>Se,人群健康受影响程度成年男性>成年女性>儿童。结论两个监测点空气中的Cr和As对人群健康的危险度相对较大,且各元素对成年男性健康影响最大。     

藻毒素的人类健康效应及危险性评估

藻毒素可能通过饮水、娱乐用水等途径对人类健康产生不利影响,但是,国际上尚未制订藻毒素的正式指导值.该文介绍了有关藻毒素的人类健康效应、暴露途径、可能的指导值及其计算方法.这不仅为进行危险性管理提供依据,而且有助于制定不会对人类产生危险性的正式指导值.同时,有助于改善饮水供应的安全性.     

Non-carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Selected Metals in Source Freshwater Khanpur Lake,Pakistan

Selected metals (calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, lead, strontium and zinc) were measured in water samples from a source freshwater Lake. Average levels of cadmium, cobalt, chromium and lead in the waters were significantly higher than the guideline values. Health risk assessment was then carried out to determine health risk via oral route and dermal contact. Hazard quotient (via ingestion) levels of cadmium, cobalt, chromium and lead were higher than unity; suggesting potential adverse effects on local residents. Principal component analysis revealed considerable anthropogenic contributions of the metals in the water reservoir.     

Distribution of Dissolved Trace Metals Around the Sacrificos Coral Reef Island,in the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico

A reef system in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico is affected by anthropogenic activities, sourced by urban, fluvial, and sewage waters. Dissolved metals have higher concentrations during the rainy season. V and Pb, were derived from an industrial source and transported to the study area by rain water. On the other hand, Jamapa River is the main source for Cu and Ni, which carries dissolved elements from adjacent volcanic rocks. Principal Component Analysis shows a common source for dissolved nitrogen, phosphates, TOC, and suspended matters probably derived from a sewage treatment plant, which is situated near to the study area.     

Distributions of Heavy Metals in Rice and Corn and Their Health Risk Assessment in Guizhou Province

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - Long-term exposure to heavy metals from high geological background area may lead to varieties of diseases. Therefore, risk assessment from...